初識google多語言通訊框架gRPC系列（一）概述

gRPC概述

3/26/2016 9:16:08 AM

目錄

1、概述

2、編譯gRPC

3、C#中使用gRPC

4、C++中使用gRPC

一直在尋找多平臺多語言的通訊框架，微軟的WCF框架很強大和靈活，雖然也能經過自定義綁定和其餘技術的客戶端通訊，可是始終沒有實現多平臺的技術框架的統一。google的gRPC是一個不錯的選擇，相比於相似框架Thrift等，google的解決方案更成熟和通用。不足的是因爲剛剛開源，使用範圍有限，國內資料更少。例如僅僅編譯C++的gRPC，花了我兩天的時間。在這個系列中，我會逐一介紹各個語言使用gRPC的細節。

gRPC是google2015年初開源的通訊框架。

使用gRPC能夠在客戶端調用不一樣機器上的服務端的方法，而客戶端和服務端的開發語言和運行環境能夠有不少種，基本涵蓋了主流語言和平臺。雙方交互的協議能夠在proto文件中定義，客戶端和服務端能夠很方便的經過工具生成協議和代理代碼。而消息的編碼是採用google protocol buffer，數據量小、速度快。

下圖是一個簡單的gRPC使用的場景，服務端採用C++開發，客戶端能夠是anroid，和ruby。

gRPC具備如下特色：

• 基於 HTTP/2， 繼而提供了鏈接多路複用、Body 和 Header 壓縮等機制。能夠節省帶寬、下降TCP連接次數、節省CPU使用和延長電池壽命等。
• 支持主流開發語言（C, C++, Python, PHP, Ruby, NodeJS, C#, Objective-C、Golang、Java）
• IDL (Interface Definition Language) 層使用了 Protocol Buffers, 很是適合團隊的接口設計

下面是C#、C++、java的客戶端和服務端的例子，這些客戶端都向服務端傳遞一個姓名XXX，服務端返回 hello XXX字符串。

做爲通訊協議的proto文件

不管使用何種語言建立客戶端和服務端，都依照相同的proto文件。proto文件定義了協議接口和數據格式。不一樣的語言都依照proto文件生成服務端的接口和服務類、客戶端的服務代理，只是生成工具的命令不一樣。
proto文件以下：

syntax = "proto3";

option java_multiple_files = true;
option java_package = "io.grpc.examples.helloworld";
option java_outer_classname = "HelloWorldProto";
option objc_class_prefix = "HLW";

package helloworld;

// The greeting service definition.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}

// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

// The response message containing the greetings
message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;
}

C#服務端和客戶端代碼

C#的客戶端代理是由工具生成的，因此很簡單。

客戶端

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    Channel channel = new Channel("127.0.0.1:50051", ChannelCredentials.Insecure);

    var client = Greeter.NewClient(channel);
    String user = "paul";

    var reply = client.SayHello(new HelloRequest { Name = user });
    Console.WriteLine("Greeting: " + reply.Message);

    channel.ShutdownAsync().Wait();
    Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit...");
    Console.ReadKey();
}

服務端

class GreeterImpl : Greeter.IGreeter
{
    // Server side handler of the SayHello RPC
    public Task<HelloReply> SayHello(HelloRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
    {
        return Task.FromResult(new HelloReply { Message = "Hello " + request.Name });
    }
}



class Program
{
    const int Port = 50051;

    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Server server = new Server
        {
            Services = { Greeter.BindService(new GreeterImpl()) },
            Ports = { new ServerPort("localhost", Port, ServerCredentials.Insecure) }
        };
        server.Start();

        Console.WriteLine("Greeter server listening on port " + Port);
        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to stop the server...");
        Console.ReadKey();

        server.ShutdownAsync().Wait();
    }
}

C++的服務端和客戶端代碼

C++的客戶端代理沒法經過工具生成，須要手動編寫。

//C++客戶端
class GreeterClient {
 public:
  GreeterClient(std::shared_ptr<Channel> channel)
      : stub_(Greeter::NewStub(channel)) {}

  // Assambles the client's payload, sends it and presents the response back
  // from the server.
  std::string SayHello(const std::string& user) {
    // Data we are sending to the server.
    HelloRequest request;
    request.set_name(user);

    // Container for the data we expect from the server.
    HelloReply reply;

    // Context for the client. It could be used to convey extra information to
    // the server and/or tweak certain RPC behaviors.
    ClientContext context;

    // The actual RPC.
    Status status = stub_->SayHello(&context, request, &reply);

    // Act upon its status.
    if (status.ok()) {
      return reply.message();
    } else {
      return "RPC failed";
    }
  }

 private:
  std::unique_ptr<Greeter::Stub> stub_;
};

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  // Instantiate the client. It requires a channel, out of which the actual RPCs
  // are created. This channel models a connection to an endpoint (in this case,
  // localhost at port 50051). We indicate that the channel isn't authenticated
  // (use of InsecureChannelCredentials()).
  GreeterClient greeter(grpc::CreateChannel(
      "localhost:50051", grpc::InsecureChannelCredentials()));
  std::string user("world");
  std::string reply = greeter.SayHello(user);
  std::cout << "Greeter received: " << reply << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

//C++服務端
// Logic and data behind the server's behavior.
class GreeterServiceImpl final : public Greeter::Service {
  Status SayHello(ServerContext* context, const HelloRequest* request,
                  HelloReply* reply) override {
    std::string prefix("Hello ");
    reply->set_message(prefix + request->name());
    return Status::OK;
  }
};

void RunServer() {
  std::string server_address("0.0.0.0:50051");
  GreeterServiceImpl service;

  ServerBuilder builder;
  // Listen on the given address without any authentication mechanism.
  builder.AddListeningPort(server_address, grpc::InsecureServerCredentials());
  // Register "service" as the instance through which we'll communicate with
  // clients. In this case it corresponds to an *synchronous* service.
  builder.RegisterService(&service);
  // Finally assemble the server.
  std::unique_ptr<Server> server(builder.BuildAndStart());
  std::cout << "Server listening on " << server_address << std::endl;

  // Wait for the server to shutdown. Note that some other thread must be
  // responsible for shutting down the server for this call to ever return.
  server->Wait();
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  RunServer();

  return 0;
}

java的服務端和客戶端代碼

gRPC自己不支持java語言，可是使用java實現了gRPC，框架是gRPC-java。使用gRPC-java同樣能夠與gRPC的客戶端和服務端進行交互。

java客戶端代碼：
和C++同樣，java的客戶端仍然不能直接自動生成服務代理類，須要手動建立。

package io.grpc.examples.helloworld;

import io.grpc.ManagedChannel;
import io.grpc.ManagedChannelBuilder;
import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

/**
 * A simple client that requests a greeting from the {@link HelloWorldServer}.
 */
public class HelloWorldClient {
  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HelloWorldClient.class.getName());

  private final ManagedChannel channel;
  private final GreeterGrpc.GreeterBlockingStub blockingStub;

  /** Construct client connecting to HelloWorld server at {@code host:port}. */
  public HelloWorldClient(String host, int port) {
    channel = ManagedChannelBuilder.forAddress(host, port)
        .usePlaintext(true)
        .build();
    blockingStub = GreeterGrpc.newBlockingStub(channel);
  }

  public void shutdown() throws InterruptedException {
    channel.shutdown().awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
  }

  /** Say hello to server. */
  public void greet(String name) {
    logger.info("Will try to greet " + name + " ...");
    HelloRequest request = HelloRequest.newBuilder().setName(name).build();
    HelloReply response;
    try {
      response = blockingStub.sayHello(request);
    } catch (StatusRuntimeException e) {
      logger.log(Level.WARNING, "RPC failed: {0}", e.getStatus());
      return;
    }
    logger.info("Greeting: " + response.getMessage());
  }

  /**
   * Greet server. If provided, the first element of {@code args} is the name to use in the
   * greeting.
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    HelloWorldClient client = new HelloWorldClient("localhost", 50051);
    try {
      /* Access a service running on the local machine on port 50051 */
      String user = "world";
      if (args.length > 0) {
        user = args[0]; /* Use the arg as the name to greet if provided */
      }
      client.greet(user);
    } finally {
      client.shutdown();
    }
  }
}

java服務端代碼：

package io.grpc.examples.helloworld;

import io.grpc.Server;
import io.grpc.ServerBuilder;
import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

/**
 * Server that manages startup/shutdown of a {@code Greeter} server.
 */
public class HelloWorldServer {
  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HelloWorldServer.class.getName());

  /* The port on which the server should run */
  private int port = 50051;
  private Server server;

  private void start() throws IOException {
    server = ServerBuilder.forPort(port)
        .addService(GreeterGrpc.bindService(new GreeterImpl()))
        .build()
        .start();
    logger.info("Server started, listening on " + port);
    Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        // Use stderr here since the logger may have been reset by its JVM shutdown hook.
        System.err.println("*** shutting down gRPC server since JVM is shutting down");
        HelloWorldServer.this.stop();
        System.err.println("*** server shut down");
      }
    });
  }

  private void stop() {
    if (server != null) {
      server.shutdown();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Await termination on the main thread since the grpc library uses daemon threads.
   */
  private void blockUntilShutdown() throws InterruptedException {
    if (server != null) {
      server.awaitTermination();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Main launches the server from the command line.
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    final HelloWorldServer server = new HelloWorldServer();
    server.start();
    server.blockUntilShutdown();
  }

  private class GreeterImpl implements GreeterGrpc.Greeter {

    @Override
    public void sayHello(HelloRequest req, StreamObserver<HelloReply> responseObserver) {
      HelloReply reply = HelloReply.newBuilder().setMessage("Hello " + req.getName()).build();
      responseObserver.onNext(reply);
      responseObserver.onCompleted();
    }
  }
}