postgres使用pg_ctl 命令

想要用pg_ctl等一系列的命令，須要配置環境變量：

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
export PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/data
export PATH

在.bash_profile 文件中添加上面的環境變量

而後source  .bash_profile   使之生效。

在啓動的時候，報錯：pg_ctl: no database directory specified and environment variable PGDATA unset

須要把/usr/local/pgsql/data 的用戶名和屬組爲 postgres  而且目錄權限爲0700　

chmod -R 0700 　/usr/local/pgsql/data

命令配置完成，能夠使用。

中止服務：

[postgres@master pgsql]$ pg_ctl stop waiting for server to shut down...2018-12-20 17:27:15.726 CST [30069] LOG:  received fast shutdown request .2018-12-20 17:27:15.728 CST [30069] LOG:  aborting any active transactions 2018-12-20 17:27:15.728 CST [30214] FATAL:  terminating connection due to administrator command 2018-12-20 17:27:15.729 CST [30213] FATAL:  terminating connection due to administrator command 2018-12-20 17:27:15.730 CST [30215] FATAL:  terminating connection due to administrator command 2018-12-20 17:27:15.732 CST [30069] LOG:  worker process: logical replication launcher (PID 30076) exited with exit code 1
2018-12-20 17:27:15.732 CST [30216] FATAL:  terminating connection due to administrator command 2018-12-20 17:27:15.735 CST [30071] LOG: shutting down 2018-12-20 17:27:15.745 CST [30069] LOG:  database system is shut down done server stopped

啓動服務：

[postgres@master pgsql]$ pg_ctl start waiting for server to start....2018-12-20 17:27:53.811 CST [30324] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
2018-12-20 17:27:53.811 CST [30324] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
2018-12-20 17:27:53.813 CST [30324] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432" 2018-12-20 17:27:53.828 CST [30325] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2018-12-20 17:27:15 CST 2018-12-20 17:27:53.830 CST [30324] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections done server started

登入數據庫默認用戶爲postgres

[postgres@master pgsql]$ psql psql (10.5) Type "help" for help. postgres=# select user; user   
----------
 postgres (1 row) postgres=#

指定用戶登入-zhang

[postgres@master pgsql]$ psql -d mydb -U zhang psql (10.5) Type "help" for help. mydb=>

默認用戶
postgres安裝完成後，會自動在操做系統和postgres數據庫中分別建立一個名爲postgres的用戶以及一個一樣名爲postgres的數據庫。

psql -U zhang -d mydb -h 192.168.1.200 -W

[postgres@master ~]$ psql -U zhang -d mydb -h 192.168.1.200 -W Password for user zhang: psql (10.5) Type "help" for help. mydb=>

參數含義: -U指定用戶 -d要鏈接的數據庫 -h要鏈接的主機 -W提示輸入密碼。

建立用戶：

createuser username   這個用法和下面的create user 是同樣的

在PostgresSQL命令行中使用CREATE ROLE指令建立：

CREATE ROLE rolename;

在PostgresSQL命令行中使用CREATE USER指令建立

CREATE USER username;

 

CREATE USER和CREATE ROLE的區別在於，CREATE USER指令建立的用戶默認是有登陸權限的，而CREATE ROLE沒有。

建立用戶時設定用戶屬性

CREATE ROLE role_name WITH optional_permissions;

建立用戶時設定登陸權限。

CREATE ROLE username WITH LOGIN;

 

修改用戶屬性

ALTER ROLE username WITH attribute_options;

經過如下方式禁止用戶登陸

ALTERROLE username WITH NOLOGIN;

設置訪問權限

GRANT permission_type ON table_name TO role_name;

eg： GRANT UPDATE ON tablename TO use_role; --賦予use_role tablename表的update權限
   GRANT SELECT ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA PUBLIC to use_role; --賦予use_role全部表的SELECT權限

特殊符號:ALL表明所訪問權限，PUBLIC表明全部用戶

GRANT ALL ON demo TO demo_role; --賦給用戶全部權限
GRANT SELECT ON demo TO PUBLIC; --將SELECT權限賦給全部用戶

撤銷用戶訪問權限語法格式以下:REVOKE permission_type ON table_name FROM user_name;