摘要: 玩轉正則表達式。javascript
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正則表達式或「regex」用於匹配字符串的各個部分 下面是我建立正則表達式的備忘單。java
使用 .test()
方法git
let testString = "My test string"; let testRegex = /string/; testRegex.test(testString);
使用操做符號 |
正則表達式
const regex = /yes|no|maybe/;
使用i
標誌表示忽略大小寫小程序
const caseInsensitiveRegex = /ignore case/i; const testString = 'We use the i flag to iGnOrE CasE'; caseInsensitiveRegex.test(testString); // true
使用 .match()
方法segmentfault
const match = "Hello World!".match(/hello/i); // "Hello"
使用 g
標誌微信小程序
const testString = "Repeat repeat rePeAT"; const regexWithAllMatches = /Repeat/gi; testString.match(regexWithAllMatches); // ["Repeat", "repeat", "rePeAT"]
使用通配符.
做爲任何字符的佔位符數組
// To match "cat", "BAT", "fAT", "mat" const regexWithWildcard = /.at/gi; const testString = "cat BAT cupcake fAT mat dog"; const allMatchingWords = testString.match(regexWithWildcard); // ["cat", "BAT", "fAT", "mat"]
[]
//匹配 "cat" "fat" and "mat" 但不匹配 "bat" const regexWithCharClass = /[cfm]at/g; const testString = "cat fat bat mat"; const allMatchingWords = testString.match(regexWithCharClass); // ["cat", "fat", "mat"]
使用字符集內的範圍 [a-z]
微信
const regexWidthCharRange = /[a-e]at/; const regexWithCharRange = /[a-e]at/; const catString = "cat"; const batString = "bat"; const fatString = "fat"; regexWithCharRange.test(catString); // true regexWithCharRange.test(batString); // true regexWithCharRange.test(fatString); // false
你還能夠使用連字符來匹配數字
const regexWithLetterAndNumberRange = /[a-z0-9]/ig; const testString = "Emma19382"; testString.match(regexWithLetterAndNumberRange) // true
要匹配您不想擁有的一組字符,使用否認字符集 ^
const allCharsNotVowels = /[^aeiou]/gi; const allCharsNotVowelsOrNumbers = /[^aeiou0-9]/gi;
使用 +
標誌
const oneOrMoreAsRegex = /a+/gi; const oneOrMoreSsRegex = /s+/gi; const cityInFlorida = "Tallahassee"; cityInFlorida.match(oneOrMoreAsRegex); // ['a', 'a', 'a']; cityInFlorida.match(oneOrMoreSsRegex); // ['ss'];
使用星號 *
const zeroOrMoreOsRegex = /hi*/gi; const normalHi = "hi"; const happyHi = "hiiiiii"; const twoHis = "hiihii"; const bye = "bye"; normalHi.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hi"] happyHi.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hiiiiii"] twoHis.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hii", "hii"] bye.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // null
?
阻止貪婪模式(惰性匹配 )const testString = "catastrophe"; const greedyRexex = /c[a-z]*t/gi; const lazyRegex = /c[a-z]*?t/gi; testString.match(greedyRexex); // ["catast"] testString.match(lazyRegex); // ["cat"]
要測試字符串開頭的字符匹配,請使用插入符號^
,但要放大開頭,不要放到字符集中
const emmaAtFrontOfString = "Emma likes cats a lot."; const emmaNotAtFrontOfString = "The cats Emma likes are fluffy."; const startingStringRegex = /^Emma/; startingStringRegex.test(emmaAtFrontOfString); // true startingStringRegex.test(emmaNotAtFrontOfString); // false
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使用 $
來判斷字符串是不是以規定的字符結尾
const emmaAtBackOfString = "The cats do not like Emma"; const emmaNotAtBackOfString = "Emma loves the cats"; const startingStringRegex = /Emma$/; startingStringRegex.test(emmaAtBackOfString); // true startingStringRegex.test(emmaNotAtBackOfString); // false
使用\word
簡寫
const longHand = /[A-Za-z0-9_]+/; const shortHand = /\w+/; const numbers = "42"; const myFavoriteColor = "magenta"; longHand.test(numbers); // true shortHand.test(numbers); // true longHand.test(myFavoriteColor); // true shortHand.test(myFavoriteColor); // true
用\W
表示 \w
的反義
const noAlphaNumericCharRegex = /\W/gi; const weirdCharacters = "!_$!!"; const alphaNumericCharacters = "ab283AD"; noAlphaNumericCharRegex.test(weirdCharacters); // true noAlphaNumericCharRegex.test(alphaNumericCharacters); // false
你能夠使用字符集[0-9]
,或者使用簡寫 \d
const digitsRegex = /\d/g; const stringWithDigits = "My cat eats $20.00 worth of food a week."; stringWithDigits.match(digitsRegex); // ["2", "0", "0", "0"]
用\D
表示 \d
的反義
const nonDigitsRegex = /\D/g; const stringWithLetters = "101 degrees"; stringWithLetters.match(nonDigitsRegex); // [" ", "d", "e", "g", "r", "e", "e", "s"]
使用 \s
來匹配空格和回車符
const sentenceWithWhitespace = "I like cats!" var spaceRegex = /\s/g; whiteSpace.match(sentenceWithWhitespace); // [" ", " "]
用\S
表示 \s
的反義
const sentenceWithWhitespace = "C a t" const nonWhiteSpaceRegex = /\S/g; sentenceWithWhitespace.match(nonWhiteSpaceRegex); // ["C", "a", "t"]
你能夠使用 {下界,上界}
指定一行中的特定字符數
const regularHi = "hi"; const mediocreHi = "hiii"; const superExcitedHey = "heeeeyyyyy!!!"; const excitedRegex = /hi{1,4}/; excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // true excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); // true excitedRegex.test(superExcitedHey); //false
使用{下界, }
定義最少數量的字符要求,下面示例表示字母 i
至少要出現2次
const regularHi = "hi"; const mediocreHi = "hiii"; const superExcitedHey = "heeeeyyyyy!!!"; const excitedRegex = /hi{2,}/; excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // false excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); // true excitedRegex.test(superExcitedHey); //false
使用{requiredCount}
指定字符要求的確切數量
const regularHi = "hi"; const bestHi = "hii"; const mediocreHi = "hiii"; const excitedRegex = /hi{2}/; excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // false excitedRegex.test(bestHi); // true excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); //false
使用 ?
匹配字符 0 次或1次
const britishSpelling = "colour"; const americanSpelling = "Color"; const languageRegex = /colou?r/i; languageRegex.test(britishSpelling); // true languageRegex.test(americanSpelling); // true
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