mysql一次更新多條不一樣的記錄

  最近oschina上又有朋友問到了mysql中一次更新多條不一樣的記錄的方法,我知道的方法有兩種,使用on duplicate key update語法和使用 replace into語法。
  這兩個語法都須要主鍵索引或惟一索引支持,下面舉例說明。
  測試用的表結構和數據
CREATE TABLE `t` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `c1` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `c2` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `c3` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `c1` (`c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=125 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ;
insert into t values(1,2,3,4),(5,6,7,8);

on duplicate key update 語法

  on duplicate key update 語法的官方說明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.1-en/insert-on-duplicate.html html

If you specify ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE, and a row is inserted that would cause a duplicate value in a UNIQUE index or PRIMARY KEY, MySQL performs an UPDATE of the old row.

  它會先執行插入操做,碰到有主鍵或惟一索引的列發生衝突時,對衝突的這一行,執行update操做,更新sql語句中指定的某幾列。若是全部的列都不衝突,此語法和簡單的insert into語法效果同樣。例如: mysql

mysql> insert into t (id,c1,c2)values(1,20,30),(5,60,70) on duplicate key update c1=values(c1),c2=values(c2);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 2  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t;
+----+----+----+----+
| id | c1 | c2 | c3 |
+----+----+----+----+
|  1 | 20 | 30 | 4  |
|  5 | 60 | 70 | 8  |
+----+----+----+----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  結果是c1,c2這兩列被更新了,c3這一列沒有變。


replace into 語法

  replace into 語法的官方說明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.5-en/replace.html sql

REPLACE works exactly like INSERT, except that if an old row in the table has the same value as a new row for a PRIMARY KEY or a UNIQUE index, the old row is deleted before the new row is inserted.
  replace和insert所做的工做徹底相同,區別是當碰到有主鍵或惟一索引的列發生衝突時,對衝突的這一行,在insert前會先對這行數據執行delete操做。效果是這一行中沒有被指定值的列會被更新成本列的默認值,若是全部的列都不衝突,此語法和簡單的insert into語法效果同樣。例如:
  徹底替換兩行記錄
mysql> replace into t (id,c1) values(1,200),(5,600);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 2  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t;                             
+----+-----+----+----+
| id | c1  | c2 | c3 |
+----+-----+----+----+
|  1 | 200 |    |    |
|  5 | 600 |    |    |
+----+-----+----+----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

  不使用ID,使用惟一索引來替換記錄
mysql> replace into t (c1,c2) values(200,3),(600,7);   
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 2  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t;                             
+-----+-----+----+----+
| id  | c1  | c2 | c3 |
+-----+-----+----+----+
| 127 | 200 | 3  |    |
| 128 | 600 | 7  |    |
+-----+-----+----+----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  效果是id也被替換掉了.

  當使用惟一索引,並重且給惟一索引這一列加了重複的值時
mysql> replace into t (id,c1) values(127,200),(128,200);
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 3  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t;
+-----+-----+----+----+
| id  | c1  | c2 | c3 |
+-----+-----+----+----+
| 128 | 200 |    |    |
+-----+-----+----+----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

  最後爲何只剩一條記錄了?插入(127,200)這一行前,會刪掉id=127或c1=200的行,而後執行插入。插入(128,200)這一行前,會刪掉id=128或c1=200的行,恰好前面插入的那一行中,c1=200,因此前面那一行也被刪掉了,最後只留下了一行。 shell


一次最多能更新多少條記錄?

  mysql中沒有一次更新記錄數的限制,可是有sql語句長度的限制。若是須要執行超長的sql語句,須要調整max_allowed_packet這個配置參數。
  max_allowed_packet參數的官方說明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.5-en/replication-features-max-allowed-packet.html oracle

max_allowed_packet sets an upper limit on the size of any single message between the MySQL server and clients, including replication slaves.
  此參數規定mysql服務端和客戶端以前的單個消息最大長度,在mysql主從同步時一樣有效。
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