CREATE TABLE `t` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `c1` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `c2` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `c3` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `c1` (`c1`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=125 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ; insert into t values(1,2,3,4),(5,6,7,8);
on duplicate key update 語法的官方說明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.1-en/insert-on-duplicate.html html
If you specify ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE, and a row is inserted that would cause a duplicate value in a UNIQUE index or PRIMARY KEY, MySQL performs an UPDATE of the old row.
它會先執行插入操做,碰到有主鍵或惟一索引的列發生衝突時,對衝突的這一行,執行update操做,更新sql語句中指定的某幾列。若是全部的列都不衝突,此語法和簡單的insert into語法效果同樣。例如: mysql
mysql> insert into t (id,c1,c2)values(1,20,30),(5,60,70) on duplicate key update c1=values(c1),c2=values(c2); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 2 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t; +----+----+----+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c3 | +----+----+----+----+ | 1 | 20 | 30 | 4 | | 5 | 60 | 70 | 8 | +----+----+----+----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)結果是c1,c2這兩列被更新了,c3這一列沒有變。
replace into 語法的官方說明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.5-en/replace.html sql
REPLACE works exactly like INSERT, except that if an old row in the table has the same value as a new row for a PRIMARY KEY or a UNIQUE index, the old row is deleted before the new row is inserted.replace和insert所做的工做徹底相同,區別是當碰到有主鍵或惟一索引的列發生衝突時,對衝突的這一行,在insert前會先對這行數據執行delete操做。效果是這一行中沒有被指定值的列會被更新成本列的默認值,若是全部的列都不衝突,此語法和簡單的insert into語法效果同樣。例如:
mysql> replace into t (id,c1) values(1,200),(5,600); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 2 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t; +----+-----+----+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c3 | +----+-----+----+----+ | 1 | 200 | | | | 5 | 600 | | | +----+-----+----+----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> replace into t (c1,c2) values(200,3),(600,7); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 2 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t; +-----+-----+----+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c3 | +-----+-----+----+----+ | 127 | 200 | 3 | | | 128 | 600 | 7 | | +-----+-----+----+----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)效果是id也被替換掉了.
mysql> replace into t (id,c1) values(127,200),(128,200); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 3 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t; +-----+-----+----+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c3 | +-----+-----+----+----+ | 128 | 200 | | | +-----+-----+----+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
最後爲何只剩一條記錄了?插入(127,200)這一行前,會刪掉id=127或c1=200的行,而後執行插入。插入(128,200)這一行前,會刪掉id=128或c1=200的行,恰好前面插入的那一行中,c1=200,因此前面那一行也被刪掉了,最後只留下了一行。 shell
mysql中沒有一次更新記錄數的限制,可是有sql語句長度的限制。若是須要執行超長的sql語句,須要調整max_allowed_packet這個配置參數。
max_allowed_packet參數的官方說明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.5-en/replication-features-max-allowed-packet.html oracle
max_allowed_packet sets an upper limit on the size of any single message between the MySQL server and clients, including replication slaves.此參數規定mysql服務端和客戶端以前的單個消息最大長度,在mysql主從同步時一樣有效。