iOS中的正則運用

1、NSRegularExpression

1. 正則表達式的建立

+ (nullable NSRegularExpression *)regularExpressionWithPattern:(NSString *)pattern options:(NSRegularExpressionOptions)options error:(NSError **)error;

- (nullable instancetype)initWithPattern:(NSString *)pattern options:(NSRegularExpressionOptions)options error:(NSError **)error

該類中的屬性正則表達式

  • pattern 返回正則表達式模式
  • options 返回建立正則表達式選項時使用的選項
  • numberOfCaptureGroups 返回正則表達式模式

options 定義的枚舉類型以下:express

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSRegularExpressionOptions) {
        NSRegularExpressionCaseInsensitive             = 1 << 0, //不區分大小寫的
        NSRegularExpressionAllowCommentsAndWhitespace  = 1 << 1, //忽略空格和# -
        NSRegularExpressionIgnoreMetacharacters        = 1 << 2, //總體化
        NSRegularExpressionDotMatchesLineSeparators    = 1 << 3, //匹配任何字符,包括行分隔符
        NSRegularExpressionAnchorsMatchLines           = 1 << 4, //容許^和$在匹配的開始和結束行
        NSRegularExpressionUseUnixLineSeparators       = 1 << 5, //(查找範圍爲整個無效)
        NSRegularExpressionUseUnicodeWordBoundaries    = 1 << 6  //(查找範圍爲整個無效)
     };

2. 搜索字符串

//枚舉容許Block處理每一個正則表達式匹配的字符串
- (void)enumerateMatchesInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSTextCheckingResult * _Nullable result, NSMatchingFlags flags, BOOL *stop))block;

//返回一個數組,包含字符串中正則表達式的全部匹配項
- (NSArray<NSTextCheckingResult *> *)matchesInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range;

//返回字符串指定範圍內匹配數
- (NSUInteger)numberOfMatchesInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range;

//返回字符串指定範圍內第一個匹配項。
- (nullable NSTextCheckingResult *)firstMatchInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range;

//返回字符串指定範圍內第一個匹配的範圍
- (NSRange)rangeOfFirstMatchInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range;

NSMatchingOptions的定義以下:segmentfault

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSMatchingOptions) {
   NSMatchingReportProgress         = 1 << 0,       /* 在長時間運行的匹配操做中按期調用Block */
   NSMatchingReportCompletion       = 1 << 1,       /* 完成任何匹配後,調用Block一次*/
   NSMatchingAnchored               = 1 << 2,       /*指定匹配僅限於搜索範圍開始時的匹配 */
   NSMatchingWithTransparentBounds  = 1 << 3,       /* 定匹配能夠檢查超出搜索範圍的範圍的字符串的部分,以用於諸如字邊界檢測,前瞻等。若是搜索範圍包含整個字符串,該常量將不起做用 */
   NSMatchingWithoutAnchoringBounds = 1 << 4        /* 指定^而且$不會自動匹配搜索範圍的開始和結束,但仍將與整個字符串的開頭和結尾相匹配。若是搜索範圍包含整個字符串,則該常量不起做用 */
};

3.替換字符串

//返回與模板字符串替換的匹配正則表達式的新字符串
- (NSString *)stringByReplacingMatchesInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range withTemplate:(NSString *)templ;

//返回替換的個數
- (NSUInteger)replaceMatchesInString:(NSMutableString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range withTemplate:(NSString *)templ;

//自定義替換功能
- (NSString *)replacementStringForResult:(NSTextCheckingResult *)result inString:(NSString *)string offset:(NSInteger)offset template:(NSString *)templ;

//經過根據須要添加反斜槓轉義來返回模板字符串,以保護符合模式元字符的任何字符
+ (NSString *)escapedTemplateForString:(NSString *)string;

使用示例api

NSString *str = @"aabbcccdeaargdo14141214aaghfh56821d3gad4";
    NSRegularExpression *expression = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"aa" options:NSRegularExpressionCaseInsensitive error:NULL];
    if (expression != nil) {
        //匹配到的第一組
       NSTextCheckingResult *firstMatch = [expression firstMatchInString:str options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length)];
        NSRange range = [firstMatch rangeAtIndex:0];
        NSString *result = [str substringWithRange:range];
        NSLog(@"匹配到的第一組:%@",result);
        //匹配到的個數
        NSInteger number = [expression numberOfMatchesInString:str options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length)];
        NSLog(@"匹配到的個數%ld",number);
        //配到到的全部數據
        NSArray *allMatch = [expression matchesInString:str options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length)];
        for (int i = 0; i < allMatch.count; i ++) {
            NSTextCheckingResult *matchItem = allMatch[i];
            NSRange range = [matchItem rangeAtIndex:0];
            NSString *result = [str substringWithRange:range];
            NSLog(@"匹配到的數據:%@",result);
        }
        //匹配到第一組的位置
        NSRange firstRange = [expression rangeOfFirstMatchInString:str options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length)];
        NSLog(@"匹配到第一組的位置:開始位置%lu--長度%lu",(unsigned long)firstRange.location,(unsigned long)firstRange.length);
        
        //替換字符串
        NSString *resultStr = [expression stringByReplacingMatchesInString:str options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length) withTemplate:@"bbbb"];
        NSLog(@"替換後的字符串:%@",resultStr);
        
        NSInteger resultNum = [expression replaceMatchesInString:[str mutableCopy] options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length) withTemplate:@"bbbb"];
        NSLog(@"替換的個數;%ld",(long)resultNum);
    }

打印log:
2017-08-13 23:28:53.898 NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到的第一組:aa
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到的個數3
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到的數據:aa
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到的數據:aa
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到的數據:aa
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到第一組的位置:開始位置0--長度2
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 替換後的字符串:bbbbbbcccdebbbbrgdo14141214bbbbghfh56821d3gad4
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 替換的個數;3

2、字符串

//NSStringCompareOptions --> NSRegularExpressionSearch
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask;
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask range:(NSRange)rangeOfReceiverToSearch;
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask range:(NSRange)rangeOfReceiverToSearch locale:(nullable NSLocale *)locale

從上面的api能夠看出,只能匹配到第一組數組

使用示例lua

NSString *str = @"aabbcccdeaargdo14141214aaghfh56821d3gad4";
    NSRange strMatchStr = [str rangeOfString:@"aa" options:NSRegularExpressionSearch];
    NSLog(@"匹配到字符串的位置:開始位置%lu--長度%lu",(unsigned long)strMatchStr.location,(unsigned long)strMatchStr.length)
打印log:
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82080:8224265] 匹配到字符串的位置:開始位置0--長度2

3、謂詞

使用示例spa

NSString *str2 = @"aabbcc";
    NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@",@"^aa(.)*cc$"];
    BOOL isMatch = [predicate evaluateWithObject:str2];
    NSLog(@"匹配的結果:%d",isMatch);
打印log:
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82679:8253019] 匹配的結果:1

4、正則表達式

正則語法code

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