微服務環境搭建

前言：最近在學習關於微服務方面的相關內容，因此寫點本身的實際項目搭建經驗記錄一下，順帶但願能幫助到喜歡這個方面的朋友吧！

準備工做：

IDE：推薦使用STS，如使用eclipse或者IDEA出現maven引入報錯，請參照報錯，補全缺失包便可！

項目源碼地址：https://github.com/ksuth/MicroService.git

若是沒有github帳號請先註冊~~具體使用方式請參考：http://www.cnblogs.com/shuyuq/p/9243915.html

實在不會就留個郵箱吧~看到了我會發的~~

 

接下來咱們進入正題：

（一）簡單的服務消費項目：

項目名稱一：springcloud-ordinary-order-service

1.構建一個簡單的spring-boot項目：
方式1：使用spring官網構建：https://start.spring.io

保存到本地後，解壓縮導入。

方式二：使用STS構建：直接new個spring-start項目便可。

2.修改pom.xml文件：

<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-ordinary-order-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>springcloud-ordinary-order-service</name>
<description>傳統的訂單服務實例</description>
<!-- 引入spring boot的依賴 -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath />
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入內存數據庫 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring-boot的maven插件 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

3.新增OrderInfo實體類:

@Entity
public class OrderInfo {

//訂單ID
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
//訂單號
@Column
private String orderNo;
//訂單備註
@Column
private String orderRemark;

public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public String getOrderRemark() {
return orderRemark;
}
public void setOrderRemark(String orderRemark) {
this.orderRemark = orderRemark;
}


}

4.添加Service層接口：

@Repository
public interface OrderService extends JpaRepository<OrderInfo, Long> {


}

5.添加web層入口：

@RestController
public class OrderController {

@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;

@GetMapping("findOrderById/{id}")
public OrderInfo findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
return orderService.findOne(id);
}
}

6.在resource中添加以下配置文件：

• application.yml

server:
port: 8000
spring:
jpa:
generate-ddl: false
show-sql: true
hibernate:
ddl-auto: none
datasource: # 指定數據源
platform: h2 # 指定數據源類型
schema: classpath:order_schema.sql # 指定h2數據庫的建表腳本
data: classpath:order_data.sql # 指定h2數據庫的數據腳本
logging: # 配置日誌級別，讓hibernate打印出執行的SQL
level:
root: INFO
org.hibernate: INFO
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE

• order_data.sql

insert into order_Info (id, order_No, order_Remark) values (1, '20171111111111', '張三的訂單', );
insert into order_Info (id, order_No, order_Remark) values (2, '20172222222222', '李四的訂單', );
insert into order_Info (id, order_No, order_Remark) values (3, '20173333333333', '王五的訂單', );

• order_schema.sql

drop table order_Info if exists;
create table order_Info (id bigint generated by default as identity, order_No varchar(50), order_Remark varchar(100), primary key (id));

實現上述操做後可看到項目代碼結構以下：

7.啓動項目：執行項目中main方法

8.檢查結果：

看到這個結果代表服務創建成功。

接下來咱們要創建一個簡單的消費服務來消費剛纔所創建的項目！

 

項目名稱二：springcloud-ordinary-user-service

1.構建簡單的spring-boot項目（方法再也不贅述）

2.修改pom.xml文件:

<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-ordinary-user-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>springcloud-ordinary-user-service</name>
<description>傳統的用戶服務實例，作爲消費者使用</description>

<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> 
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入內存數據庫 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>


</dependencies>

<!-- 引入Maven插件 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

3.新建實體類：

@Entity
public class OrderInfo {

//訂單ID
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
//訂單號
@Column
private String orderNo;
//訂單備註
@Column
private String orderRemark;


public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public String getOrderRemark() {
return orderRemark;
}
public void setOrderRemark(String orderRemark) {
this.orderRemark = orderRemark;
}


}

4.新建web層消費接口：

@RestController
public class UserController {

@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/user/findOrderById/{id}")
public OrderInfo findOrderById(@PathVariable Long id){ 
return (OrderInfo) restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8000/findOrderById/"+id, OrderInfo.class).getBody();
}
}

5.在resource下新增配置文件：

application.yml：

server:
port: 8010

完成後項目結構以下：

此時啓動項目訪問以下路徑：http://localhost:8010//user/findOrderById/2

如實現上圖結果表示消費服務創建成功！

總結：此時咱們能夠看到，咱們成功的在springcloud-ordinary-user-service項目中去使用了springcloud-ordinary-order-service的接口，獲得了咱們想要的結果！這個就是微服務項目的起點~固然這是最簡單的一個，只是讓咱們理解服務於消費是怎麼樣的關係，不能運用於實際工做！接下來咱們繼續！

 

在以前兩項目的基礎之上，咱們如今須要加上微服務的核心：註冊於發現！

讓咱們先來寫一個註冊服務：

項目名稱：springcloud-eureka-server

1.新建spring-boot項目

2.修改pom.xml文件：

<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>springcloud-eureka-server</name>
<description>服務註冊與發現</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath />
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- 引入Spring Cloud Eureka依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring cloud的依賴 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR6</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<!-- 引入Maven插件 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

3.在入口處添加以下註解：

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}

4.添加application.yml配置文件：

server:
port: 8761 # 指定該Eureka實例的端口,默認爲8761
eureka:
client:
registerWithEureka: false
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

5.項目結構（參照以前的再也不列舉）

6.啓動項目，訪問以下地址：http://localhost:8761/

能夠看到咱們這個簡單的註冊服務功能就實現了~

既然已經有了註冊中心，下一步咱們確定就是對剛纔已經寫好的兩個項目進行改造，將服務註冊到註冊中心上去！

 

（二）基於註冊中心的服務消費項目：

項目名稱：springcloud-order-service

構建項目參照上述內容，需修改內容以下：

1.pom.xml

<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-order-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>springcloud-order-service</name>
<description>訂單服務實例</description>
<!-- 引入spring boot的依賴 -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath />
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入內存數據庫 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入Spring Cloud Eureka 客服端依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring cloud的依賴 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR6</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<!-- 引入spring-boot的maven插件 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

2.啓動服務入口處註解添加：

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudOrdinaryOrderServiceApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudOrdinaryOrderServiceApplication.class, args);
}
}

3.application.yml

server:
port: 8020
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-order-service 
jpa: 
generate-ddl: false
show-sql: true
hibernate:
ddl-auto: none
datasource: # 指定數據源
platform: h2 # 指定數據源類型
schema: classpath:order_schema.sql # 指定h2數據庫的建表腳本
data: classpath:order_data.sql # 指定h2數據庫的數據腳本
logging: # 配置日誌級別，讓hibernate打印出執行的SQL
level:
root: INFO
org.hibernate: INFO
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE

eureka:
client:
serviceUrl: 
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

修改完成後結構以下：

啓動服務前，請保證咱們以前寫的註冊中心服務爲啓動狀態！此時咱們能夠在註冊中心看到：

這表示咱們新的服務註冊成功了！

一樣的，咱們能夠將以前的消費服務註冊到註冊中心！項目改造以下：

項目名稱：springcloud-user-service

項目修改：

1.pom.xml

<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-user-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>springcloud-user-service</name>
<description>傳統的用戶服務實例，作爲消費者使用</description>

<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> 
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入內存數據庫 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- 引入Spring Cloud eureka 客服端依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入SpringCloud 依賴 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR6</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<!-- 引入Maven插件 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

2.web入口方式修改：

@RestController
public class UserController {

@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private EurekaClient discoveryClient;

public String serviceUrl() {
InstanceInfo instance = discoveryClient.getNextServerFromEureka("SPRINGCLOUD-ORDER-SERVICE", false);
return instance.getHomePageUrl();
}

@GetMapping("/user/findOrderById/{id}")
public OrderInfo findOrderById(@PathVariable Long id){ 
return (OrderInfo) restTemplate.getForEntity(this.serviceUrl()+"/findOrderById/"+id, OrderInfo.class).getBody();
}
}

3.添加註解：

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudOrdinaryUserServiceApplication {

@Bean
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudOrdinaryUserServiceApplication.class, args);
}
}

4.application.yml

server:
port: 8030 #設置端口號
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-user-service
eureka: 
client: 
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

項目代碼結構與以前相似

完成上述改造後咱們能夠啓動服務，檢查註冊中心以下：

此時咱們能夠看到以前的兩個服務都已經歸入到註冊中心！

咱們訪問消費服務：http://localhost:8030//user/findOrderById/3

 

尾聲：

關於一個簡單的微服務項目搭建就給你們介紹到這裏。GitHub中給出了基於權限驗證的項目代碼，若是對這一塊感興趣的朋友不妨能夠參考下~最後對於微服務項目的高可用作個簡單的介紹，咱們通常的實現方式爲經過啓動兩個註冊中心，相互註冊，實現服務的相互同步來達到高可用的目的~若是有更好的方式歡迎提出來一塊兒探討~