linux虛擬機Virtual Machine Manager

1、虛擬機安裝

1.啓動虛擬加管理器

[root@foundation29 ~]# virt-manager

2.新建一個虛擬機

1. 點擊左上角File—>New Virtual Machine，選擇Local install media ( ISO image or CDROM )，點擊Forward
2. 選擇Use ISO image，點擊Browse從本地選擇一個OS鏡像，我選擇的是rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso，點擊Forward
3. Memory ( RAM ) 填寫512MB，這樣能夠最小化（無GUI）安裝，CPUs默認分配一顆核心便可，點擊Forward
4. 填寫20GiB做爲虛擬機磁盤空間，點擊Forward
5. Name填寫rhel-6.5-server，點擊Finish

虛擬機建立完成

3.安裝OS鏡像至虛擬機

1. 點擊Begin Installation，回車開始安裝
2. 空格鍵選擇OK
3. 空格鍵選擇Test
4. 等待Test完成，空格鍵選擇OK，而後再選擇OK
5. Tab鍵選擇Continue，空格鍵確認
6. 空格鍵選擇OK
7. 默認English，Tab鍵選擇OK，空格鍵確認
8. 默認us，Tab鍵選擇OK，空格鍵確認
9. Tab鍵選擇Re-initialize all，所有格式化，空格鍵確認
10. Tab鍵選擇Asia/Shanghai，Tab鍵選擇OK，空格鍵確認
11. 輸入root密碼並確認密碼，完成後Tab選擇OK，空格鍵確認（若是輸入的密碼比較簡單，會提示密碼強度較弱，選擇Use Anyway便可生效）
12. 默認Replace existing Linux system，Tab鍵選擇OK，空格鍵確認
13. Tab鍵選擇Write changes to disk，空格鍵確認
14. 等待安裝完成，空格鍵選擇Reboot

虛擬機安裝完成

2、封裝虛擬機鏡像

1.虛擬機鏡像

使用RHEL中的Virtual Machine Manager建立的虛擬機會生成後綴爲.qcow2的虛擬機鏡像文件
Virtual Machine Manager支持從.qcow2的虛擬機鏡像文件建立虛擬機，這樣咱們就能夠經過管理鏡像，從而很方便的建立與管理linux虛擬機。

#####2.配置虛擬機
須要使用剛纔安裝的虛擬機封裝一個虛擬機母鏡像，因此咱們來配置這個虛擬機，方便之後的使用
開啓虛擬機，使用root身份登入系統，進行對應的配置，而後關機（注意要關機而不是重啓）
個人配置有：
1.修改主機名：

[root@server1 ~]# hostname server1
 [root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
 NETWORKING=yes
 HOSTNAME=server1

2.關閉防火牆

[root@server1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off

3.關閉selinux

[root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config 
 ...
 SELINUX=disabled
 ...

4.配置網絡

[root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
 DEVICE="eth0"
 BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
 ONBOOT="yes"
 IPADDR=172.25.29.1
 PREFIX=24
 [root@server1 ~]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/
 [root@server1 rules.d]# ls
 60-raw.rules  70-persistent-net.rules
 [root@server1 rules.d]# rm -f 70-persistent-net.rules 
 [root@server1 rules.d]# /etc/init.d/network restart
 Shutting down interface eth0:                              [  OK  ]
 Shutting down loopback interface:                          [  OK  ]
 Bringing up loopback interface:                            [  OK  ]
 Bringing up interface eth0:  Determining if ip address 172.25.29.1 is already in use for device eth0...
                                                            [  OK  ]

5.主機名解析

[root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
 127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4  localhost4.localdomain4
 ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
 172.25.29.1 server1
 172.25.29.2 server2
 172.25.29.3 server3
 172.25.29.4 server4
 172.25.29.5 server5
 172.25.29.6 server6

6.配置yum源

[root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo 
 [rhel-dvd]
 name=rhel6.5-dvd
 baseurl=http://172.25.29.250/rhel6.5
 gpgcheck=0

 [HighAvailability]
 name=HighAvailability
 baseurl=http://172.25.29.250/rhel6.5/HighAvailability
 gpgcheck=0

 [LoadBalancer]
 name=LoadBalancer
 baseurl=http://172.25.29.250/rhel6.5/LoadBalancer
 gpgcheck=0

 [ResilientStorage]
 name=ResilientStorage
 baseurl=http://172.25.29.250/rhel6.5/ResilientStorage
 gpgcheck=0

 [ScalableFileSystem]
 name=ScalableFileSystem
 baseurl=http://172.25.29.250/rhel6.5/ScalableFileSystem
 gpgcheck=0

7.安裝經常使用軟件及服務

[root@server1 ~]# yum clean all
 Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
 This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
 Cleaning repos: HighAvailability LoadBalancer ResilientStorage
               : ScalableFileSystem rhel-dvd
 Cleaning up Everything
 [root@server1 ~]# yum install -y vim man lftp
 ...

8.關機

[root@server1 ~]# poweroff

3.使用qcow2文件建立虛擬機

1.初始化域

[root@foundation29 ~]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
 [root@foundation29 images]# virt-sysprep -d rhel-6.5-server
 [   0.0] Examining the guest ...
 [  69.0] Performing "abrt-data" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "bash-history" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "blkid-tab" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "crash-data" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "cron-spool" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "dhcp-client-state" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "dhcp-server-state" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "dovecot-data" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "logfiles" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "machine-id" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "mail-spool" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "net-hostname" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "net-hwaddr" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "pacct-log" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "package-manager-cache" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "pam-data" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "puppet-data-log" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "rh-subscription-manager" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "rhn-systemid" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "rpm-db" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "samba-db-log" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "script" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "smolt-uuid" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "ssh-hostkeys" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "ssh-userdir" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "sssd-db-log" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "tmp-files" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "udev-persistent-net" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "utmp" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "yum-uuid" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "customize" ...
 [  69.0] Setting a random seed
 [  69.0] Performing "lvm-uuids" ...

2.建立虛擬機image
首先刪除原虛擬機而且保留qcow2鏡像，其緣由是爲了不母鏡像（即原虛擬機rhel-6.5-server）與使用該qcow2文件建立的虛擬機同時工做致使錯誤
刪除過程：

1. 打開Virtual Machine Manager
2. 在rhel-6.5-server上右鍵並選中Delete
3. 取消勾選Delete associated storage files，而後單擊Delete刪除

建立基於rhel-6.5-server.qcow2的虛擬機

[root@foundation29 images]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b rhel-6.5-server.qcow2 server1
 Formatting 'server1', fmt=qcow2 size=21474836480 backing_file='rhel-6.5-server.qcow2' encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off
 [root@foundation29 images]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b rhel-6.5-server.qcow2 server2
 Formatting 'server2', fmt=qcow2 size=21474836480 backing_file='rhel-6.5-server.qcow2' encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off
 [root@foundation29 images]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b rhel-6.5-server.qcow2 server3
 Formatting 'server3', fmt=qcow2 size=21474836480 backing_file='rhel-6.5-server.qcow2' encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off

3.建立虛擬機

1. 點擊左上角File—>New Virtual Machine，選擇Import existing disk image，點擊Forward
2. 點擊Browse，點擊左上角default，選擇剛纔建立的server1，點擊Choose Volume，OS tyoe選擇Linux，Version選擇對應的RHEL6.5，點擊Forward
3. Memory ( RAM ) 和CPUs根據需求分配，通常Memory ( RAM ) 分配512MiB或1024MiB，CPUs分配一顆核心便可，點擊Forward
4. Name填寫server1，點擊Finish

server1建立完成，同上能夠建立server2，server34.server1，server2，server3設置開機並設置好eth0，hostname