Util應用程序框架公共操做類(七):Lambda表達式公共操做類

  前一篇擴展了兩個經常使用驗證方法,本文將封裝兩個Lambda表達式操做,用來爲下一篇的查詢擴展服務。html

  Lambda表達式是一種簡潔的匿名函數語法,能夠用它將方法做爲委託參數傳遞。在Linq中,大量使用Lambda表達式進行查詢,不過這種Lambda表達式被Expression包裝成表達式樹。表達式樹是解釋器的一個實現,它的做用是將一種語法轉換爲另外一種語法,好比將Lambda表達式解析爲Sql語句。express

  使用Sql列名進行查詢的主要問題是,列名是一個字符串,沒有智能提示,若是輸入錯誤,也沒有編譯時檢查。使用Lambda表達式查詢能夠解決這些問題,這是使用強類型的主要好處,另外當列名與屬性名不一致時,只需修改映射配置,業務代碼不動,從而加強了系統的擴展性。框架

  Lambda表達式的強類型在帶來諸多好處的同時,也產生了一些問題,好比t => t.Name==」a」這個表達式,若是想把值」a」拿出來進行操做,怎麼作到?值」a」對於查詢條件來說,是一個動態傳入的參數,若是對錶達式樹徹底不瞭解,這也不是一件輕鬆的事。另外還有動態查詢的問題,這時候開始懷念弱類型的字符串了,微軟提供了一個動態查詢的輔助類來解決這個問題,待用到的時候我再介紹。    函數

  本文介紹的一個方法是GetValue,用來將Lambda謂詞表達式中的值取出來,另外一個方法是GetCriteriaCount,用來判斷Lambda謂詞表達式中條件的個數。這兩個方法的具體應用將在下一篇介紹。單元測試

  在Util項目中添加一個Lambda類,代碼以下。測試

using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;

namespace Util {
    /// <summary>
    /// Lambda表達式操做
    /// </summary>
    public class Lambda {

        #region GetValue(獲取值)

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取值,範例:t => t.Name == "A",返回 A
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="expression">表達式,範例:t => t.Name == "A"</param>
        public static object GetValue( LambdaExpression expression ) {
            if ( expression == null )
                return null;
            BinaryExpression binaryExpression = GetBinaryExpression( expression );
            if ( binaryExpression != null )
                return GetBinaryValue( binaryExpression );
            var callExpression = expression.Body as MethodCallExpression;
            if ( callExpression != null )
                return GetMethodValue( callExpression );
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取二元表達式
        /// </summary>
        private static BinaryExpression GetBinaryExpression( LambdaExpression expression ) {
            var binaryExpression = expression.Body as BinaryExpression;
            if ( binaryExpression != null )
                return binaryExpression;
            var unaryExpression = expression.Body as UnaryExpression;
            if ( unaryExpression == null )
                return null;
            return unaryExpression.Operand as BinaryExpression;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取二元表達式的值
        /// </summary>
        private static object GetBinaryValue( BinaryExpression binaryExpression ) {
            var unaryExpression = binaryExpression.Right as UnaryExpression;
            if ( unaryExpression != null )
                return GetConstantValue( unaryExpression.Operand );
            return GetConstantValue( binaryExpression.Right );
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取常量值
        /// </summary>
        private static object GetConstantValue( Expression expression ) {
            var constantExpression = expression as ConstantExpression;
            if ( constantExpression == null )
                return null;
            return constantExpression.Value;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取方法調用表達式的值
        /// </summary>
        private static object GetMethodValue( MethodCallExpression callExpression ) {
            var argumentExpression = callExpression.Arguments.FirstOrDefault();
            return GetConstantValue( argumentExpression );
        }

        #endregion

        #region GetCriteriaCount(獲取謂詞條件的個數)

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取謂詞條件的個數
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="expression">謂詞表達式,範例:t => t.Name == "A"</param>
        public static int GetCriteriaCount( LambdaExpression expression ) {
            if ( expression == null )
                return 0;
            var result = expression.ToString().Replace( "AndAlso", "|" ).Replace( "OrElse", "|" );
            return result.Split( '|' ).Count();
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

    爲了進行測試,須要建立一個測試樣例類Test,代碼以下。this

namespace Util.Tests.Samples {
    /// <summary>
    /// 測試
    /// </summary>
    public class Test {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public int? NullableInt { get; set; }
        public decimal? NullableDecimal { get; set; }
        public TestA A { get; set; }
        public class TestA {
            public int Integer { get; set; }
            public string Address { get; set; }
            public TestB B { get; set; }
            public class TestB {
                public string Name { get; set; }
            }
        }
    }
}

    單元測試代碼以下。spa

using System;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Util.Tests.Samples;

namespace Util.Tests {
    /// <summary>
    /// Lambda表達式操做測試
    /// </summary>
    [TestClass]
    public class LambdaTest {

        #region GetValue(獲取成員值)

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取成員值,委託返回類型爲Object
        /// </summary>
        [TestMethod]
        public void TestGetValue_Object() {
            Expression<Func<Test, object>> expression = test => test.Name == "A";
            Assert.AreEqual( "A", Lambda.GetValue( expression ) );
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取成員值,委託返回類型爲bool
        /// </summary>
        [TestMethod]
        public void TestGetValue_Boolean() {
            //空值返回null
            Assert.AreEqual( null, Lambda.GetValue( null ) );

            //一級返回值
            Expression<Func<Test, bool>> expression = test => test.Name == "A";
            Assert.AreEqual( "A", Lambda.GetValue( expression ) );

            //二級返回值
            Expression<Func<Test, bool>> expression2 = test => test.A.Integer == 1;
            Assert.AreEqual( 1, Lambda.GetValue( expression2 ) );

            //三級返回值
            Expression<Func<Test, bool>> expression3 = test => test.A.B.Name == "B";
            Assert.AreEqual( "B", Lambda.GetValue( expression3 ) );
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取可空類型的值
        /// </summary>
        [TestMethod]
        public void TestGetValue_Nullable() {
            //可空整型
            Expression<Func<Test, bool>> expression = test => test.NullableInt == 1;
            Assert.AreEqual( 1, Lambda.GetValue( expression ) );

            //可空decimal
            expression = test => test.NullableDecimal == 1.5M;
            Assert.AreEqual( 1.5M, Lambda.GetValue( expression ) );
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取成員值,運算符爲方法
        /// </summary>
        [TestMethod]
        public void TestGetValue_Method() {
            //1級返回值
            Expression<Func<Test, bool>> expression = t => t.Name.Contains( "A" );
            Assert.AreEqual( "A", Lambda.GetValue( expression ) );

            //二級返回值
            expression = t => t.A.Address.Contains( "B" );
            Assert.AreEqual( "B", Lambda.GetValue( expression ) );

            //三級返回值
            expression = t => t.A.B.Name.StartsWith( "C" );
            Assert.AreEqual( "C", Lambda.GetValue( expression ) );
        }

        #endregion

        #region GetCriteriaCount(獲取謂詞條件的個數)

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取謂詞條件的個數
        /// </summary>
        [TestMethod]
        public void TestGetCriteriaCount() {
            //0個條件
            Assert.AreEqual( 0, Lambda.GetCriteriaCount( null ) );

            //1個條件
            Expression<Func<Test, bool>> expression = test => test.Name == "A";
            Assert.AreEqual( 1, Lambda.GetCriteriaCount( expression ) );

            //2個條件,與鏈接符
            expression = test => test.Name == "A" && test.Name == "B";
            Assert.AreEqual( 2, Lambda.GetCriteriaCount( expression ) );

            //2個條件,或鏈接符
            expression = test => test.Name == "A" || test.Name == "B";
            Assert.AreEqual( 2, Lambda.GetCriteriaCount( expression ) );

            //3個條件
            expression = test => test.Name == "A" && test.Name == "B" || test.Name == "C";
            Assert.AreEqual( 3, Lambda.GetCriteriaCount( expression ) );

            //3個條件,包括導航屬性
            expression = test => test.A.Address == "A" && test.Name == "B" || test.Name == "C";
            Assert.AreEqual( 3, Lambda.GetCriteriaCount( expression ) );
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取謂詞條件的個數,運算符爲方法
        /// </summary>
        [TestMethod]
        public void TestGetCriteriaCount_Method() {
            //1個條件
            Expression<Func<Test, bool>> expression = t => t.Name.Contains( "A" );
            Assert.AreEqual( 1, Lambda.GetCriteriaCount( expression ) );

            //2個條件,與鏈接
            expression = t => t.Name.Contains( "A" ) && t.Name == "A";
            Assert.AreEqual( 2, Lambda.GetCriteriaCount( expression ) );

            //2個條件,或鏈接,包含導航屬性
            expression = t => t.Name.Contains( "A" ) || t.A.Address == "A";
            Assert.AreEqual( 2, Lambda.GetCriteriaCount( expression ) );
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

   須要注意的是,GetValue方法不只要能獲取t=>t.Name==」a」這樣的二元表達式,還要能獲取方法調用表達式中的值,好比t=>t.Name.Contains(「a」)。code

  下面再增長一個擴展方法,在Util項目中添加名爲Extensions.Expression的文件,代碼以下。htm

using System;
using System.Linq.Expressions;

namespace Util {
    /// <summary>
    /// 表達式擴展
    /// </summary>
    public static partial class Extensions {

        #region Value(獲取lambda表達式的值)

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取lambda表達式的值
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">對象類型</typeparam>
        public static object Value<T>( this Expression<Func<T, bool>> expression ) {
            return Lambda.GetValue( expression );
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

 

   Lambda表達式不只在查詢上大展身手,並且在表現層,好比Mvc上也有大量的應用。本文只介紹下一篇基礎查詢擴展須要用到的兩個方法,其它方法我會在須要用到的時候補充進來。

 

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