English Learning

※otherwise

不少同窗在看到otherwise的時候，

就會不由自主地想到不然的意思，

好比，你要好好背GRE詞彙，不然(otherwise)你就....

但問題在於，除了這個咱們小學就知道的意思，實際上在GRE考試中，還有不少意思。

下面逐一分析給你們。

【常考釋義1】

In another way; differently:

以另外的方式;不一樣地

【例句1】

She thought otherwise.

她從另外一個側面考慮

【例句2】

The studio could punish its players by keeping them out of work, and otherwise controlling their lives.

電影公司能經過讓藝人坐冷板凳來懲罰他們，並採用其餘方式控制他們的生活。

【常考釋義2】

Under other circumstances:

不然，否則：在其餘的狀況下;否則：

【例句】

Otherwise I might have helped.

否則我也許能夠幫得上忙的

【常考釋義3】

In other respects:

在其餘方面：

【例句】

an otherwise logical mind.

在其餘方面纔有邏輯的頭腦

【常考釋義4】

if not不然，若是不

【例句】

do what I tell you, otherwise you'll be sorry

【常考釋義5】

與之不一樣地;相反地 You use otherwise to refer in a general way to actions or situations that are very different from, or the opposite to, your main statement.

【例句1】

There is no way anything would ever happen between us, and believe me I've tried to convince myself otherwise...

相信我，我已經努力試圖說服本身咱們之間存有但願，但咱們真的是絕對不可能的。

【例句2】

All photographs are by the author unless otherwise stated.

若無特殊說明，全部照片均出自該做者。

這個例句，其實和咱們在考試題目裏常常出現的這麼一句很像：

For each of Questions 17 to 20, select one answer choice unless otherwise directed.

如今你應該知道這句話什麼意思了吧。

【常考短語1】

or otherwise 或者and otherwise

及其餘;或相反;或其反面

You use or otherwise or and otherwise to mention something that is not the thing just referred to or is the opposite of that thing.

【例句】

He didn't want company, talkative or otherwise.

他不想跟人搭伴，無論這個伴兒是否健談。

下面咱們來看看官方真題是如何考的

【官方真題1】

The author of this book----overlooks or minimizes some of the problems and shortcomings in otherwise highly successful foreign industries in order to----the points on which they excel and on which we might try to emulate them.

(A) accidentally.. exaggerate

(B) purposely.. emphasize

(C) occasionally.. counterbalance

(D) intentionally.. confuse

(E) cleverly.. compound

解析：答案爲B。該題中，otherwise究竟是什麼意思呢?

從上面咱們給出的釋義中，應該是其餘方面的意思，

也就是常考釋義3。

那麼該句中，大意是在說：這本書的做者故意忽略或是儘可能減小國外工業的缺點和問題，這些國外的工業在其餘方面都是很是成功的，做者這樣的目的是爲了強調國外工業的優點，對於這些優點咱們是能夠超越他們的。

其中，本句的in otherwise highly successful 也就是後面的they excel重複。該句的意思是說做者故意忽略國外企業的缺點--也就是強調他們的優點，從而讓國內的人們清楚本身的弱點而奮力追趕(emulate)。很是好的一道題目^^

【官方真題2】

Poe's ------- reviews of contemporary fiction, which often find great merit in otherwise ------ literary gems, must make us respect his critical judgment in addition to his well-known literary talent.

(A) thorough.. completed

(B) petulant.. unpopular

(C) insightful.. unappreciated

(D)enthusiastic.. acclaimed

(E) harsh.. undeserving

解析：該題的大意是說：艾倫對當代小說的富有洞察力的評論，老是可以發現出otherwise都不被人欣賞的文學精品中的巨大優勢，(這種富有洞察力的評論)必定會使咱們尊崇他廣爲人知的文學天賦以外的判斷力。

otherwise在該考題中應該是其餘狀況下的意思，也就是常考釋義2.

答案爲C。

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※not nearly enough | not nearly so/as 

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※yet / as yet / have yet to/

yet
adverb UK ​  /jet/ US ​  /jet/
yet adverb (UNTIL NOW)

​
A2 still; until the present time
還，尚；迄今
I haven't spoken to her yet.
我還沒和她談過。
He hasn't finished yet.
他還沒完成。
"Are you ready?" "Not yet - wait a minute."
「你準備好了嗎？」「還沒呢──稍等。」
the best, worst, etc. yet
​
B2 the best, worst, etc. until now
迄今最好的／最差的等
Of all the songs I've heard tonight, that's the best yet.
在我今晚聽到的全部歌中，那首是最好的。
as yet C1 formal
​
until and including this time
直到如今
We haven't needed extra staff as yet, but we may in the future.
到目前爲止，咱們尚不須要增長員工，但未來也許會須要。
No ambulances had as yet managed to get across the river.
到目前爲止尚未救護車順利過河。
More examples

Wait for it! I haven't said 'go' yet.
We haven't discussed the matter in detail yet.
Has he found himself a place to live yet?
The details of the contract have not yet been settled.
His new novel is advertised as his steamiest yet.
yet adverb (IN THE FUTURE)

​
C1 from now and for a particular period of time in the future
從如今起至未來某個時間，還
She won't be back for a long time yet.
她很長一段時間都不會回來的。
Our holiday isn't for weeks yet.
咱們的假期還遠着呢。
have yet to
​
C2 If you have yet to do something, you have not done it.
尚未，還沒有
They have yet to make a decision.
他們尚未做出決定。
More examples

yet adverb (EVEN NOW)

​
C2 even at this stage or time
仍然，還
We could yet succeed - you never know.
咱們仍然有可能成功——誰說得準呢?
You might yet prove me wrong.
你也許還會證實我是錯的。
He may win yet.
他仍有可能勝出。
More examples

yet adverb (MORE)

​
B2 used to add emphasis to words such as another and again, especially to show an increase in amount or the number of times something happens
再，還（用於強調 another 或 again 之類的詞，尤指數量增長或某事發生頻繁）
Rachel bought yet another pair of shoes to add to her collection.
雷切爾已經有那麼多鞋，竟然又買了一雙。
I'm sorry to bother you yet again.
我很抱歉又來麻煩你。
He's given us yet more work to do.
他又給咱們佈置了不少工做。
yet
adverb, conjunction UK ​  /jet/ US ​  /jet/
​
B1 (and) despite that; used to add something that seems surprising because of what you have just said
然而，儘管
simple yet effective
簡單而又高效
He's overweight and bald, (and) yet somehow, he's attractive.
他肥胖且禿頭，然而不知爲什麼卻頗有魅力。

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 the best is yet to come中的yet和have yet to意思同樣，意爲from now and for a particular period of time in the future。按照這個意思直譯就是：最好的在從如今開始到未來的某個時間會到來。翻譯爲：最好的還沒有到來，或者有人翻譯爲：最好的將要到來。

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 ※except / besides / apart from / aside from / other than / in addition to

except 表示剔除

besides 表示包含

apart from 和 aside from 前者是英式英語，後者是美式英語。意義相同，都既能夠表示 except 的剔除的含義[實際表示的是except for的含義，並且大部分都是表示這個意思！！！]，也能夠表示 besides 的包含的含義。具體要在語境中體會。

other than 和 except 同義，表示剔除。

in addition to 和 besides 同義，表示包含。

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