最近項目由於須要支持GIF,以前項目沒有GIF的需求——用的是Picasso,原本打算在Picasso基礎上加android-gif-drawable的,可是咱們又用了PhotoView (對圖片顯示雙擊放大等功能),由於涉及到Drawable的一些處理,加上Picasso自身從新實現了Drawable,android-gif-drawable也新實現了Drawable,因此須要把兩者的Drawable綜合到一塊兒,工做會很麻煩。爲了偷懶,隨決定換到Glide。android
Glide和Picasso各有優勢,都是很優秀的網絡圖片處理開源庫,包括圖片下載、緩存、展現等,使用起來很小白。我的以爲Glide更優些,對GIF的支持應該算是Glide的殺手鐗,還能夠對視頻作處理獲取縮略圖。git
一.圖片的壓縮github
爲了省流量,以及防止OOM,必須在圖片上傳的時候對圖片進行壓縮。減少圖片大小,對於手機端來講無非是三種:一是裁剪大小,二是下降質量,三是圖片的顏色編碼。咱們的策略也是:先裁剪大小,而後進行質量壓縮,採用低編碼。咱們的目標是圖片壓縮到200kb之內。算法
靜態圖片基本策略:微信以1280*720的尺寸爲基準裁剪的。這個基準應該是幾年前的時候,那個時候主流或偏上的手機屏幕的尺寸。目前基本都在1920*1080的或更高,因此咱們採用1920*1080的基準,徹底能達到要求了。分別用圖片對應的高除以1920,圖片的寬除以1080,獲得scale,比較兩個scale,哪一個大用那個,而後對圖片進行縮放處理。長圖片另外處理(判斷長圖的依據:高寬比例或寬高比例大於等於4則認爲是長圖,長圖不作裁剪只作質量壓縮)。緩存
GIF圖片壓縮基本策略:抽幀後再拼湊的方式壓縮。好比2幀取1幀,而後判斷達到要求否,若是麼有,就繼續3幀抽1幀,一直作下去達到要求的大小爲止(目前沒有想到更好的辦法壓縮)...抽幀後拼湊的時候須要注意每幀的時間須要delay(原幀之間的時間)*抽幀的數量級(好比2幀取1幀,那麼就是2)。缺點:可能致使效果不太理想,抽掉的幀太多致使動圖動的不流暢。基本能知足大部分的GIF圖片。微信
圖片的顏色編碼:Bitmap.Config.RGB_565。網絡
判斷長圖:app
/** * 圖片的寬高或高寬比例>=4則定爲長圖 */ public static boolean isLongImg(int imgWidth, int imgHeight) { if (imgWidth > 0 && imgHeight > 0) { int num = imgHeight > imgWidth ? imgHeight / imgWidth : imgWidth / imgHeight; if(DEBUG){ Log.i("PhotoView", "寬高或高寬比例>=4認爲是長圖: " + num); } if (num >= LONG_IMG_MINIMUM_RATIO) { return true; } } return false; }
計算圖片的scale:ide
public final static int MAX_HEIGHT = 1920; public final static int MAX_WIDTH = 1080; /** * 根據圖片的寬高,以定義的MAX_WIDTH和MAX_HEIGHT作參照,計算圖片須要縮放的倍數 **/ private static int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options) { final int imageHeight = options.outHeight; final int imageWidth = options.outWidth; if(Constant.DEBUG) { Log.i(TAG, "==圖片的原始width*height: " + imageWidth + " * " + imageHeight); } if (imageWidth <= MAX_WIDTH && imageHeight <= MAX_HEIGHT) { return 1; } else { double scale = imageWidth >= imageHeight ? imageWidth / MAX_WIDTH : imageHeight / MAX_HEIGHT; double log = Math.log(scale) / Math.log(2); double logCeil = Math.ceil(log);// 向上舍入 return (int) Math.pow(2, logCeil);// 2的x數倍,由於圖片的縮放處理是以2的整數倍進行的 } }
圖片的裁剪:函數
private static ByteArrayOutputStream compressJpegImg(Bitmap bmp, String sourceImgPath, int maxSize){ BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options(); options.inJustDecodeBounds = true; bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(sourceImgPath, options); int inSampleSize = 1; boolean bLongBigBitmap = isLongImg(options.outWidth, options.outHeight); if (!bLongBigBitmap) { //普通圖片 inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options); } int quality = 95; // 默認值95,即對全部圖片都默認壓縮一次,無論原始圖片大小,先壓縮一次以後再對應處理 if (inSampleSize > 1) { /** * 對於普通圖片壓縮比大於2的,第一次的默認質量壓縮作大些,防止OOM * 經測試10MB的圖片inSampleSize= 1, 即僅僅被80%的質量壓縮後大概在1.x Mb */ quality = 81; } BitmapFactory.Options newOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options(); newOptions.inSampleSize = inSampleSize; newOptions.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.RGB_565; bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(sourceImgPath, newOptions); try { bmp = rotaingImageView(readPictureDegree(sourceImgPath), bmp); } catch (Throwable e) { System.gc(); if (Constant.DEBUG) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { bmp = rotaingImageView(readPictureDegree(sourceImgPath), bmp); } catch (Throwable e2) { if (Constant.DEBUG) { e2.printStackTrace(); } } } ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); bmp.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, quality, os); if(Constant.DEBUG) { Log.i(TAG, "==縮放並壓縮質量一次後圖片大小: " + (os.toByteArray().length / 1024) + "KB, 壓縮質量:" + quality + "%, 縮放倍數: " + inSampleSize); } if (bLongBigBitmap) { /** 長圖壓縮在1MB之內 */ bmp = compressLongImg(bmp, os, quality); } else { /** 普通圖片壓縮在200Kb之內 */ bmp = compressNormalImg(bmp, os, quality, maxSize); } return os; }
旋轉矯正圖片的角度:
public static Bitmap rotaingImageView(int angle, Bitmap bitmap) { if(angle == 0){ return bitmap; } // 旋轉圖片 動做 Matrix matrix = new Matrix(); matrix.postRotate(angle); if(Constant.DEBUG) { System.out.println("angle2=" + angle); } // 建立新的圖片 Bitmap resizedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight(), matrix, true); return resizedBitmap; }
獲取當前圖片旋轉的角度:
/** * 讀取圖片屬性:旋轉的角度 * * @param path * 圖片絕對路徑 * @return degree旋轉的角度 */ public static int readPictureDegree(String path) { int degree = 0; try { ExifInterface exifInterface = new ExifInterface(path); int orientation = exifInterface.getAttributeInt(ExifInterface.TAG_ORIENTATION, ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_NORMAL); //Log.i("PhotoView", "=========orientation: " + orientation); switch (orientation) { case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_90: degree = 90; break; case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_180: degree = 180; break; case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_270: degree = 270; break; default: break; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return degree; }
長圖片的質量壓縮:
/** 長圖壓縮在1MB之內 */ private static Bitmap compressLongImg(Bitmap bmp, ByteArrayOutputStream os, int quality){ if (os.toByteArray().length / 1024 > 5 * 1024) { quality = 60; } int i = 0; while (os.toByteArray().length > IMAGE_MAX_SIZE_1MB && i < 20) { i++; try { os.reset(); quality = quality * 90 / 100; if (quality <= 0) { quality = 5; } // Log.i(TAG, "==長圖壓縮質量quality: " + quality + "%, 壓縮次數: " + (i + 1)); bmp.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, quality, os); } catch (Exception e) { } } if(Constant.DEBUG) { Log.i(TAG, "長圖:" + os.toByteArray().length / 1024 + "Kb"); } return bmp; }
普通靜態圖片的質量壓縮:
/** 普通圖片壓縮在200Kb之內 */ private static Bitmap compressNormalImg(Bitmap bmp, ByteArrayOutputStream os, int quality, int maxSize){ int length = os.toByteArray().length / 1024; if (length >= 1000) { quality = 20; } else if (length >= 300) { quality -= (length - 200) / 20 * 0.8; } if (quality <= 0) { quality = 50; } int i = 0; while (os.toByteArray().length > maxSize && i < 20) { i++; try { os.reset(); quality = quality * 91 / 100; if (quality <= 0) { quality = 5; } if(Constant.DEBUG) { Log.i(TAG, "==普通圖片壓縮質量quality: " + quality + "%, 壓縮次數: " + (i + 1)); } bmp.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, quality, os); } catch (Exception e) { } } if(Constant.DEBUG) { Log.i(TAG, "普通:" + os.toByteArray().length / 1024 + "Kb"); } return bmp; }
GIF圖片的壓縮,其中用到的GifImageDecoder網上找的解析GIF的代碼,也能夠用Glide自帶的GifDecoder,只是須要一個BitmapProvider對象來知足其代理模式。AnimatedGifEncoder來自Glide庫:
/** * 抽幀的方式 * **/ private static boolean compressGifImg(String sourceImgPath, File desFile) { File sourceFile = new File(sourceImgPath); if (sourceFile == null || !sourceFile.exists()) { return false; } if (sourceFile.length() < IMAGE_MAX_SIZE_1MB) { return FileUtils.copyFile(sourceImgPath, desFile.getAbsolutePath()); } else { //Toast.makeText(BusOnlineApp.mApp.getApplicationContext(),"Gif圖片太大須要壓縮",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } GifImageDecoder gifImageDecoder = new GifImageDecoder(); InputStream is = null; try { is = new FileInputStream(sourceFile); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } try { if(gifImageDecoder.read(is) != GifImageDecoder.STATUS_OK){ LogUtil.i(TAG, "Gif圖片解析失敗"); return false; } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } int step = 1; boolean status = false; int iCount = gifImageDecoder.getFrameCount(); ArrayList<GifFrame> listFrams = new ArrayList<GifImageDecoder.GifFrame>(); do { listFrams.clear(); step++; for (int i = 0; i < iCount; i += step) { listFrams.add(gifImageDecoder.getGifFrames().get(i)); } status = makeGif(desFile, listFrams, step); if (status) { if(Constant.DEBUG) Log.i(TAG, "Gif圖片壓縮完成後: " + desFile.length() / 1024 + "KB"); } else { Log.i(TAG, "Gif圖片合成失敗"); break; } } while (desFile.length() > IMAGE_MAX_SIZE_1MB); gifImageDecoder.recycle(); return status; }
GIF抽幀後拼湊:
private static boolean makeGif(File saveFile, ArrayList<GifFrame> gifFrames, int step) { AnimatedGifEncoder gifEncoder = new AnimatedGifEncoder(); if (!saveFile.exists()) try { saveFile.createNewFile(); } catch (IOException e1) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace(); } //爲了矯正時間作出的調整 if (step > 3) { step--; } OutputStream os; try { os = new FileOutputStream(saveFile); gifEncoder.start(os); for (int i = 0; i < gifFrames.size(); i++) { gifEncoder.addFrame(gifFrames.get(i).image); gifEncoder.setDelay(gifFrames.get(i).delay * step); gifEncoder.setRepeat(0); } return gifEncoder.finish(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return false; }
圖片壓縮處理完成。
二.PhotoView長圖預覽大圖的時候顯示效果優化
最終效果:相似新浪微博或微信朋友圈。寬度填充整個屏幕,高度可滑動;或寬度滑動,高度佔據屏幕的2/3(手機全景圖),具體根據顯示的View來,咱們須要的是填充整個屏幕,因此View是match_parent的。
由於用的是PhotoView庫,因此在PhotoViewAttacher.class中修改的源碼函數private void updateBaseMatrix(Drawable d) ,思路:計算縮放比例,按照當前顯示的View尺寸來計算的,代碼以下:
/** * Calculate Matrix for FIT_CENTER * * @param d- Drawable being displayed */ private void updateBaseMatrix(Drawable d) { ImageView imageView = getImageView(); if (null == imageView || null == d) { return; } final float viewWidth = getImageViewWidth(imageView); final float viewHeight = getImageViewHeight(imageView); final int drawableWidth = d.getIntrinsicWidth(); final int drawableHeight = d.getIntrinsicHeight(); mBaseMatrix.reset(); if (isLongImg(drawableWidth, drawableHeight)) { final float widthScale = viewWidth / drawableWidth; float heightScale = 1f; if (drawableWidth > drawableHeight) { // 長圖相似全景圖,高度只佔photoview的1/2 heightScale = viewHeight / (drawableHeight * 2); } else { heightScale = viewHeight / drawableHeight; } float scale = Math.max(widthScale, heightScale); mBaseMatrix.postScale(scale, scale); mBaseMatrix.postTranslate(0f, 0f); } else { if (mScaleType == ScaleType.CENTER) { mBaseMatrix.postTranslate((viewWidth - drawableWidth) / 2F, (viewHeight - drawableHeight) / 2F); } else if (mScaleType == ScaleType.CENTER_CROP) { final float widthScale = viewWidth / drawableWidth; final float heightScale = viewHeight / drawableHeight; float scale = Math.max(widthScale, heightScale); mBaseMatrix.postScale(scale, scale); mBaseMatrix.postTranslate((viewWidth - drawableWidth * scale) / 2F, (viewHeight - drawableHeight * scale) / 2F); } else if (mScaleType == ScaleType.CENTER_INSIDE) { final float widthScale = viewWidth / drawableWidth; final float heightScale = viewHeight / drawableHeight; float scale = Math.min(1.0f, Math.min(widthScale, heightScale)); mBaseMatrix.postScale(scale, scale); mBaseMatrix.postTranslate((viewWidth - drawableWidth * scale) / 2F, (viewHeight - drawableHeight * scale) / 2F); } else { RectF mTempSrc = new RectF(0, 0, drawableWidth, drawableHeight); RectF mTempDst = new RectF(0, 0, viewWidth, viewHeight); if ((int) mBaseRotation % 180 != 0) { mTempSrc = new RectF(0, 0, drawableHeight, drawableWidth); } switch (mScaleType) { case FIT_CENTER: mBaseMatrix.setRectToRect(mTempSrc, mTempDst, ScaleToFit.CENTER); break; case FIT_START: mBaseMatrix.setRectToRect(mTempSrc, mTempDst, ScaleToFit.START); break; case FIT_END: mBaseMatrix.setRectToRect(mTempSrc, mTempDst, ScaleToFit.END); break; case FIT_XY: mBaseMatrix.setRectToRect(mTempSrc, mTempDst, ScaleToFit.FILL); break; default: break; } } } resetMatrix(); }
三.Glide的一些問題
1.從緩存中獲取圖片做爲佔位圖問題
需求:在列表裏面顯示縮略的小圖,當點擊小圖後顯示大圖,由於小圖已經下載來了,那麼在下載大圖的時候用小圖去佔位顯示,用戶體驗效果會好不少。
可是Glide是每一個size的都是單獨緩存的,因此就存在這樣的問題,沒法用已經下載的小圖去佔位顯示。由於Glide緩存id即存儲在內存或本地文件中的文件名是根據圖片信息:name(網絡圖片的url),decoder,encoder,transformation,size等等去用散列算法生成的一個key,因此據我瞭解就算有了網絡圖片的url,不知道圖片的size等信息是沒法拼湊出這個key,從緩存中單獨拿出數據的,從而沒法實現前面說的先顯示縮略圖來佔位的效果。so,加以改造Glide的源碼,在生成小圖的緩存key的時候去掉一些信息,只留下name信息(對於要求無論縮略圖仍是原圖的GIF都要動的,此方法不行,咱們的效果:列表中顯示小縮略圖的時候不動就如jpeg,效果參加:新浪微博)。爲何不能所有去掉呢?由於所有去掉對於GIF圖片就可能存在不動的狀況,由於去掉後,緩存的數據中沒有decoder,encoder,transformation等信息,致使可能沒法識別成GIF的問題。因此區別對待:緩存小圖的時候只用name,緩存原圖的時候加上所有信息。具體代碼在Glide的EngineKey.class中的函數public void updateDiskCacheKey(MessageDigest messageDigest),代碼以下:
@Override public void updateDiskCacheKey(MessageDigest messageDigest) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { /** * 註釋掉其餘信息,爲了方便獲取文件名字,只依照url去生成 * */ if(bSimple){ signature.updateDiskCacheKey(messageDigest); messageDigest.update(id.getBytes(STRING_CHARSET_NAME)); }else { byte[] dimensions = ByteBuffer.allocate(8) .putInt(width) .putInt(height) .array(); signature.updateDiskCacheKey(messageDigest); messageDigest.update(id.getBytes(STRING_CHARSET_NAME)); messageDigest.update(dimensions); messageDigest.update((cacheDecoder != null ? cacheDecoder .getId() : "").getBytes(STRING_CHARSET_NAME)); messageDigest.update((decoder != null ? decoder .getId() : "").getBytes(STRING_CHARSET_NAME)); messageDigest.update((transformation != null ? transformation.getId() : "").getBytes(STRING_CHARSET_NAME)); messageDigest.update((encoder != null ? encoder .getId() : "").getBytes(STRING_CHARSET_NAME)); // The Transcoder is not included in the disk cache key because its result is not cached. messageDigest.update((sourceEncoder != null ? sourceEncoder .getId() : "").getBytes(STRING_CHARSET_NAME)); } } private static boolean bSimple = true; public static void setCacheKeySimple(boolean b){ bSimple = b; }
2.Glide加載長圖問題
由於顯示圖片的ImageView尺寸在繪製的時候只能是手機屏幕的尺寸,可是Glide的圖片在加載或下載圖片的時候的尺寸是從傳進去的imageView來獲取的!Glide.with(mContext).load(path).error(color).into(imageView)
就算利用Glide.with(mContext).load(path).override(Target.SIZE_ORIGINAL, Target.SIZE_ORIGINAL).into(imageView)也沒法在源碼中會判斷imageView的尺寸作矯正的。源碼以下:
private int getViewHeightOrParam() { final LayoutParams layoutParams = view.getLayoutParams(); if (isSizeValid(view.getHeight())) { return view.getHeight(); } else if (layoutParams != null) { return getSizeForParam(layoutParams.height, true /*isHeight*/); } else { return PENDING_SIZE; } } private int getViewWidthOrParam() { final LayoutParams layoutParams = view.getLayoutParams(); if (isSizeValid(view.getWidth())) { return view.getWidth(); } else if (layoutParams != null) { return getSizeForParam(layoutParams.width, false /*isHeight*/); } else { return PENDING_SIZE; } }
因此咱們就須要改造下,目前比較笨的方法也如同處理緩存的方式同樣,加入個flag判斷,以下:
private int getViewHeightOrParam() { if(USE_ORIGINAL_SIZE){ return Target.SIZE_ORIGINAL; } final LayoutParams layoutParams = view.getLayoutParams(); if (isSizeValid(view.getHeight())) { return view.getHeight(); } else if (layoutParams != null) { return getSizeForParam(layoutParams.height, true /*isHeight*/); } else { return PENDING_SIZE; } } private int getViewWidthOrParam() { if(USE_ORIGINAL_SIZE){ return Target.SIZE_ORIGINAL; } final LayoutParams layoutParams = view.getLayoutParams(); if (isSizeValid(view.getWidth())) { return view.getWidth(); } else if (layoutParams != null) { return getSizeForParam(layoutParams.width, false /*isHeight*/); } else { return PENDING_SIZE; } }
public static boolean USE_ORIGINAL_SIZE = false;
public static void useOriginalSize(boolean bOriginal){ USE_ORIGINAL_SIZE = bOriginal; }
3.Glide在使用BaseAdapter時候setTag()問題
由於在Glide中調用View的setTag(Object tag)會致使衝突,貌似是Glide中有使用此法,因此咱們就調用另一個imageView.setTag(int key, Object tag); ---對應getTag(int key), 可是要注意這個key,不能自定義int值,否則會報錯:The key must be an application-specific resource id. 咱們能夠用view的id,好比:
convertView.setTag(R.layout.comm_act_detail_layout, viewHolder);
......
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag(R.layout.comm_act_detail_layout);
4.GLide圖片下載
在子線程中調用下載
public static Bitmap downloadPicByUrl(Context context, String picUrl){ Bitmap bitmap=null; try { FutureTarget<Bitmap> futureTarget = Glide.with(context).load(picUrl).asBitmap().into(Target.SIZE_ORIGINAL, Target.SIZE_ORIGINAL); bitmap = futureTarget.get(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return bitmap; }
或者用下面的方法獲得File
File file = Glide.with(context).load(path).downloadOnly(Target.SIZE_ORIGINAL, Target.SIZE_ORIGINAL).get();