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實驗十三  圖形界面事件處理技術java

 

理論知識;程序員

事件處理基礎
 事件源(event source):可以產生事件的對象均可 以成爲事件源,如文本框、按鈕等。一個事件源是一個 可以註冊監聽器並向監聽器發送事件對象的對象。編程

 事件監聽器(event listener):事件監聽器對象接 收事件源發送的通告(事件對象),並對發生的事件做 出響應。一個監聽器對象就是一個實現了專門監聽器接 口的類實例,該類必須實現接口中的方法,這些方法當 事件發生時,被自動執行。安全

 事件對象(event object):Java將事件的相關信息 封裝在一個事件對象中,全部的事件對象都最終派生於 java.util.EventObject類。不一樣的事件源能夠產生不 同類別的事件網絡

AWT事件處理機制的概要:
 監聽器對象:是一個實現了特定監聽器接口( listener interface)的類實例。併發

 事件源:是一個可以註冊監聽器對象併發送事件對 象的對象。dom

當事件發生時,事件源將事件對象自動傳遞給所 有註冊的監聽器。ide

 監聽器對象利用事件對象中的信息決定如何對事 件作出響應。學習

GUI設計中,程序員須要對組件的某種事件進行響應和處理時,必須完成兩個步驟:測試

1) 定義實現某事件監聽器接口的事件監聽器類,並具體化接口中聲明的事件處理抽象方法。

2) 爲組件註冊實現了規定接口的事件監聽器對象;

 註冊監聽器方法 eventSourceObject.addEventListener(eventListenerObject)

 下面是監聽器的一個示例: ActionListener listener = …;

JButton button=new JButton(「Ok」); button.addActionListener(listener);

 動做事件(ActionEvent):當特定組件動做(點 擊按鈕)發生時,該組件生成此動做事件。

該 事 件 被 傳 遞 給 組 件 注 冊 的 每 一 個 ActionListener 對象, 並 調 用 監 聽 器 對 象 的 actionPerformed方法以接收這類事件對象。

 可以觸發動做事件的動做,主要包括:

(1) 點擊按鈕

(2) 雙擊一個列表中的選項;

(3) 選擇菜單項;

(4) 在文本框中輸入回車

 

 

 

1、實驗目的與要求

(1) 掌握事件處理的基本原理,理解其用途;

(2) 掌握AWT事件模型的工做機制;

(3) 掌握事件處理的基本編程模型;

(4) 瞭解GUI界面組件觀感設置方法;

(5) 掌握WindowAdapter類、AbstractAction類的用法;

(6) 掌握GUI程序中鼠標事件處理技術。

2、實驗內容和步驟

實驗1: 導入第11章示例程序,測試程序並進行代碼註釋。

測試程序1:

l  在elipse IDE中調試運行教材443頁-444頁程序11-1,結合程序運行結果理解程序;

l  在事件處理相關代碼處添加註釋;

l  用lambda表達式簡化程序;

l  掌握JButton組件的基本API;

l  掌握Java中事件處理的基本編程模型。

package button;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
* A frame with a button panel
*/
public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame
{
private JPanel buttonPanel;
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

public ButtonFrame()
{
setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);//設置大小

// 建立按鈕
JButton yellowButton = new JButton("Yellow");
JButton blueButton = new JButton("Blue");
JButton redButton = new JButton("Red");

buttonPanel = new JPanel();

// add buttons to panel在面板中添加按鈕
buttonPanel.add(yellowButton);
buttonPanel.add(blueButton);
buttonPanel.add(redButton);

// add panel to frame
add(buttonPanel);

// create button actions。建立按鈕操做
ColorAction yellowAction = new ColorAction(Color.YELLOW);
ColorAction blueAction = new ColorAction(Color.BLUE);
ColorAction redAction = new ColorAction(Color.RED);

// associate actions with buttons
yellowButton.addActionListener(yellowAction);
blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction);
redButton.addActionListener(redAction);//建立實現了ActionListener接口的事件源容器,在設置做爲自身做爲監聽器
}

/**
* An action listener that sets the panel's background color.
*/
private class ColorAction implements ActionListener
{
private Color backgroundColor;

public ColorAction(Color c)
{
backgroundColor = c;
}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
}
}
}

package button;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
* @version 1.34 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class ButtonTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame();
frame.setTitle("ButtonTest");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}

結果圖:

測試程序2:

l  在elipse IDE中調試運行教材449頁程序11-2,結合程序運行結果理解程序;

l  在組件觀感設置代碼處添加註釋;

l  瞭解GUI程序中觀感的設置方法。

package plaf;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
* @version 1.32 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class PlafTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new PlafFrame();
frame.setTitle("PlafTest");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}

 

 

package plaf;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.UIManager;

/**
* A frame with a button panel for changing look-and-feel
*/
public class PlafFrame extends JFrame
{
private JPanel buttonPanel;

public PlafFrame()
{
buttonPanel = new JPanel();

UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] infos = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();
for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : infos)
makeButton(info.getName(), info.getClassName());

add(buttonPanel);
pack();
}

/**
* Makes a button to change the pluggable look-and-feel.
* @param name the button name
* @param className the name of the look-and-feel class
*/
private void makeButton(String name, String className)
{
// add button to panel

JButton button = new JButton(name);
buttonPanel.add(button);

// set button action

button.addActionListener(event -> {
// button action: switch to the new look-and-feel
try
{
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(className);
SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this);
pack();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
}

結果圖:

測試程序3:

l  在elipse IDE中調試運行教材457頁-458頁程序11-3,結合程序運行結果理解程序;

l  掌握AbstractAction類及其動做對象;

l  掌握GUI程序中按鈕、鍵盤動做映射到動做對象的方法。

package action;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
* @version 1.34 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class ActionTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new ActionFrame();
frame.setTitle("ActionTest");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}

 

package action;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
* A frame with a panel that demonstrates color change actions.
*/
public class ActionFrame extends JFrame
{
private JPanel buttonPanel;
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

public ActionFrame()
{
setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

buttonPanel = new JPanel();

// define actions
Action yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
Color.YELLOW);
Action blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE);
Action redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED);

// add buttons for these actions
buttonPanel.add(new JButton(yellowAction));
buttonPanel.add(new JButton(blueAction));
buttonPanel.add(new JButton(redAction));

// add panel to frame
add(buttonPanel);

// associate the Y, B, and R keys with names將Y,B,R鍵與名稱關聯
InputMap imap = buttonPanel.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT);
imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl Y"), "panel.yellow");
imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl B"), "panel.blue");
imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl R"), "panel.red");

// associate the names with actions、把名字和動做練習起來
ActionMap amap = buttonPanel.getActionMap();
amap.put("panel.yellow", yellowAction);
amap.put("panel.blue", blueAction);
amap.put("panel.red", redAction);
}

public class ColorAction extends AbstractAction
{
/**
* Constructs a color action.
* @param name the name to show on the button
* @param icon the icon to display on the button
* @param c the background color
*/
public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c)
{
putValue(Action.NAME, name);
putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon);
putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Set panel color to " + name.toLowerCase());設置面板顏色到名稱
putValue("color", c);
}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
Color c = (Color) getValue("color");
buttonPanel.setBackground(c);
}
}
}

結果圖:

 

測試程序4:

l  在elipse IDE中調試運行教材462頁程序11-四、11-5,結合程序運行結果理解程序;

l  掌握GUI程序中鼠標事件處理技術。

package mouse;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
* @version 1.34 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class MouseTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new MouseFrame();
frame.setTitle("MouseTest");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}

 

package mouse;

import javax.swing.*;

/**
* A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations
*/
public class MouseFrame extends JFrame
{
public MouseFrame()
{
add(new MouseComponent());
pack();
}
}

 

package mouse;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
* A component with mouse operations for adding and removing squares.
*/
public class MouseComponent extends JComponent
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10;
private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares;
private Rectangle2D current;

// the square containing the mouse cursor包含鼠標光標的正方形

public MouseComponent()
{
squares = new ArrayList<>();
current = null;

addMouseListener(new MouseHandler());
addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionHandler());
}

public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }

public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;

// draw all squares繪製全部正方形
for (Rectangle2D r : squares)
g2.draw(r);
}

/**
* Finds the first square containing a point.
* @param p a point
* @return the first square that contains p
*/
public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p)
{
for (Rectangle2D r : squares)
{
if (r.contains(p)) return r;
}
return null;
}

/**
* Adds a square to the collection.
* @param p the center of the square
*/
public void add(Point2D p)
{
double x = p.getX();
double y = p.getY();

current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH,
SIDELENGTH);
squares.add(current);
repaint();
}

/**
* Removes a square from the collection.
* @param s the square to remove
*/
public void remove(Rectangle2D s)
{
if (s == null) return;
if (s == current) current = null;
squares.remove(s);
repaint();
}

private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter
{
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event)
{
// add a new square if the cursor isn't inside a square若是光標不在方塊內,則添加一個新的正方形
current = find(event.getPoint());
if (current == null) add(event.getPoint());
}

public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event)
{
// remove the current square if double clicked若是雙擊刪除當前方塊
current = find(event.getPoint());
if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2) remove(current);
}
}

private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener
{
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event)
{
// set the mouse cursor to cross hairs if it is inside
// a rectangle

if (find(event.getPoint()) == null) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor());
else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR));
}

public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event)
{
if (current != null)
{
int x = event.getX();
int y = event.getY();

// drag the current rectangle to center it at (x, y)拖動當前矩形將其置於(X,Y)中心
current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH);
repaint();
}
}
}
}

 

實驗2:結對編程練習

利用班級名單文件、文本框和按鈕組件,設計一個有以下界面(圖1)的點名器,要求用戶點擊開始按鈕後在文本輸入框隨機顯示2017級網絡與信息安全班同窗姓名,如圖2所示,點擊中止按鈕後,文本輸入框再也不變換同窗姓名,此同窗則是被點到的同窗姓名。

package 點名器;
import java.util.*;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
public class 點名器 extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -1871793290544881957L;//列序列號的時候,被序列化的類有一個惟一標記
private JLabel jla;
private JLabel jlb;
private JButton jba;
private static boolean flag = true;//私有靜態布爾標誌=真
public 點名器(){
this.setLayout(null);

jla = new JLabel("姓名");
jlb = new JLabel("準備中");
jba = new JButton("開始");
this.add(jla);
this.add(jlb);
jla.setFont(new Font("Courier",Font.PLAIN,22));
jla.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
jla.setVerticalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
jla.setBounds(20,100,180,30);//這裏定義的姓名的大小位置方位
jlb.setOpaque(true);
jlb.setBackground(Color.cyan);
jlb.setFont(new Font("Courier",Font.PLAIN,22));
jlb.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
jlb.setVerticalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
jlb.setBounds(150,100,120,30);//這裏定義的是準備中字的方塊大小,位置方位

this.add(jba);
jba.setBounds(150,150,80,26);//這裏定義的是開始的各個屬性,

jba.addActionListener(this);

this.setTitle("點名器");
this.setBounds(400,400,400,300);//定義點名器方框的各個屬性
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
int i=0;
String names[]=new String[50];
try {
Scanner in=new Scanner(new File("D:\\studentnamelist.txt"));//輸入文本路徑
while(in.hasNextLine())
{
names[i]=in.nextLine();
i++;
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
if(jba.getText()=="開始"){
jlb.setBackground(Color.MAGENTA);
flag = true;
new Thread(){
public void run(){
while(點名器.flag){
Random r = new Random();
int i= r.nextInt(43);
jlb.setText(names[i]);
}
}
}.start();
jba.setText("中止");
jba.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
}
else if(jba.getText()=="中止"){
flag = false;
jba.setText("開始");
jba.setBackground(Color.PINK);
jlb.setBackground(Color.gray);
}
}
public static void main(String arguments []){
new 點名器();
}
} 

實驗總結:經過此次學習瞭解了事件處理的基本原理,理解其用途AWT事件模型的工做機制,事件處理的基本編程模型,瞭解了GUI界面組件觀感設置方法,WindowAdapter類、AbstractAction類的用法,GUI程序中鼠標事件處理技術,最後的點名程序是對學長代碼進行了稍微的修改和對不理解的那些進行了註釋。

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