全局過濾器做用於全部的路由,不須要單獨配置,咱們能夠用它來實現不少統一化處理的業務需求,好比權限認證,IP訪問限制等等。
接口定義類:
org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilterspring
public interface GlobalFilter { Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain); }
gateway自帶的GlobalFilter實現類有不少,以下圖:
GlobalFilter實現類
有轉發,路由,負載等相關的GlobalFilter,感興趣的能夠本身去看下源碼,瞭解下。
咱們本身如何定義GlobalFilter來實現咱們本身的業務邏輯?
給出一個官方文檔上的案例:json
@Configuration public class ExampleConfiguration { private Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExampleConfiguration.class); @Bean @Order(-1) public GlobalFilter a() { return (exchange, chain) -> { log.info("first pre filter"); return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> { log.info("third post filter"); })); }; } @Bean @Order(0) public GlobalFilter b() { return (exchange, chain) -> { log.info("second pre filter"); return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> { log.info("second post filter"); })); }; } @Bean @Order(1) public GlobalFilter c() { return (exchange, chain) -> { log.info("third pre filter"); return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> { log.info("first post filter"); })); }; } }
上面定義了3個GlobalFilter,經過@Order來指定執行的順序,數字越小,優先級越高。下面就是輸出的日誌,從日誌就能夠看出執行的順序:markdown
2018-10-14 12:08:52.406 INFO 55062 --- [ioEventLoop-4-1] c.c.gateway.config.ExampleConfiguration : first pre filter 2018-10-14 12:08:52.406 INFO 55062 --- [ioEventLoop-4-1] c.c.gateway.config.ExampleConfiguration : second pre filter 2018-10-14 12:08:52.407 INFO 55062 --- [ioEventLoop-4-1] c.c.gateway.config.ExampleConfiguration : third pre filter 2018-10-14 12:08:52.437 INFO 55062 --- [ctor-http-nio-7] c.c.gateway.config.ExampleConfiguration : first post filter 2018-10-14 12:08:52.438 INFO 55062 --- [ctor-http-nio-7] c.c.gateway.config.ExampleConfiguration : second post filter 2018-10-14 12:08:52.438 INFO 55062 --- [ctor-http-nio-7] c.c.gateway.config.ExampleConfiguration : third post filter
當GlobalFilter的邏輯比較多時,我仍是推薦你們單獨寫一個GlobalFilter來處理,好比咱們要實現對IP的訪問限制,不在IP白名單中就不讓調用的需求。
單獨定義只須要實現GlobalFilter, Ordered這兩個接口就能夠了。app
@Component public class IPCheckFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered { @Override public int getOrder() { return 0; } @Override public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) { HttpHeaders headers = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders(); // 此處寫死了,演示用,實際中須要採起配置的方式 if (getIp(headers).equals("127.0.0.1")) { ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse(); ResponseData data = new ResponseData(); data.setCode(401); data.setMessage("非法請求"); byte[] datas = JsonUtils.toJson(data).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); DataBuffer buffer = response.bufferFactory().wrap(datas); response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED); response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8"); return response.writeWith(Mono.just(buffer)); } return chain.filter(exchange); } // 這邊從請求頭中獲取用戶的實際IP,根據Nginx轉發的請求頭獲取 private String getIp(HttpHeaders headers) { return "127.0.0.1"; } }
過濾的使用沒什麼好講的,都比較簡單,做用卻很大,能夠處理不少需求,上面講的IP認證攔截只是冰山一角,更多的功能須要咱們本身基於過濾器去實現。
好比我想作a/b測試,那麼就得在路由轉發層面作文章,前面咱們有貼一個圖片,圖片中有不少默認的全局過濾器,其中有一個LoadBalancerClientFilter是負責選擇路由服務的負載過濾器,裏面會經過loadBalancer去選擇轉發的服務,而後傳遞到下面的路由NettyRoutingFilter過濾器去執行,那麼咱們就能夠基於這個機制來實現。
Filter中往下一個Filter中傳遞數據實用下面的方式:ide
exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR, requestUrl);
獲取方直接獲取:oop
URI requestUrl = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
若是我想改變路由的話,就能夠這樣作:post
@Component public class DebugFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered { @Override public int getOrder() { return 10101; } @Override public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) { try { exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR, new URI("http://192.168.31.245:8081/house/hello2")); } catch (URISyntaxException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return chain.filter(exchange); } }
LoadBalancerClientFilter的order是10100,咱們這邊比它大1,這樣就能在它執行完以後來替換要路由的地址了。測試
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