入坑之旅--Nginx安裝

下面內容屬於Nginx下載方法和安裝步驟

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 目錄

一．Nginx下載

二．Linux版安裝Nginx

　　|— — 1). 使用tar解包

       |— —  2).安裝依賴軟件

　　|— —  3).Nginx文件安裝路徑查看

　　|— —  4).建立連接，快速使用Nginx命令

　　|— —  5).經常使用命令 

　　|— —  6).目錄解析

　　|— —  7).最終結果查看

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一．Nginx下載

 官方網址： http://nginx.org/en/download.html

百度網盤連接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1I_se9M2I4L_gx-x-AMIl9Q
提取碼：qosg

下載和版本介紹：

   經過包發現，nginx只有1點多MB，的確是一個輕量級的應用。

 

 

 

 

二.Linux版安裝Nginx

準備好nginx的tar.gz，如：nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz

使用tar解包

1 [root@nginx ~]# ll /opt/
2 total 1022
3 dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 2048 Dec 9 2015 centos
4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1043748 Jun 3 08:00 nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz
5 [root@nginx ~]# cd /opt/

 

在你當前路徑下解壓tar包

1 [root@nginx opt]# tar -xzvf nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz
2 
3 [root@nginx opt]# ll 
4 total 1026
5 dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 2048 Dec 9 2015 centos
6 drwxr-xr-x. 8 1001 1001 4096 May 26 11:00 nginx-1.19.0
7 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1043748 Jun 3 08:00 nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz

 

安裝依賴軟件

由於nginx是基於c開發的，linux須要c環境，安裝時必需要有 gcc 和gcc-c++

1 [root@nginx ~] yum install gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel zlib-devel zlib pcre-devel -y

 

　　

進入本身解壓的nginx-1.19.0目錄下，編譯安裝

 1 #進入解壓的nginx目錄在
 2 
 3 [root@nginx opt]# cd nginx-1.19.0
 　 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]#
 4 
 5 #進入nginx-1.19.0目錄下，使用默認配置進行編譯
 6 
 7 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# ./configure
 8 
 9 　　 checking for OS
10 
11 Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 x86_64 checking for C compiler ... found
12 
13 using GNU C compiler
14 
15 gcc version: 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4) (GCC)
 checking for gcc -pipe switch ... found 
checking for -Wl,-E switch ... found 
checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found 
checking for C99 variadic macros ... found 
checking for gcc variadic macros ... found 
checking for gcc builtin 64 bit byteswap ... found 
checking for unistd.h ... found 
checking for inttypes.h ... found 
checking for limits.h ... found 
checking for sys/filio.h ... not found 
checking for sys/param.h ... found 
checking for sys/mount.h ... found 
checking for sys/statvfs.h ... found 
checking for crypt.h ... found 
checking for Linux specific features checking for epoll ... found 
checking for EPOLLRDHUP ... found 
checking for EPOLLEXCLUSIVE ... not found 
checking for O_PATH ... found 
checking for sendfile() ... found 
checking for sendfile64() ... found 
checking for sys/prctl.h ... found
 checking for prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) ... found 
checking for prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS) ... found 
checking for capabilities ... found 
checking for crypt_r() ... found 
checking for sys/vfs.h ... found 
checking for nobody group ... found 
checking for poll() ... found 
checking for /dev/poll ... not found 
checking for kqueue ... not found 
checking for crypt() ... not found
 checking for crypt() in libcrypt ... found 
checking for F_READAHEAD ... not found 
checking for posix_fadvise() ... found 
checking for O_DIRECT ... found 
checking for F_NOCACHE ... not found 
checking for directio() ... not found 
checking for statfs() ... found 
checking for statvfs() ... found 
checking for dlopen() ... not found 
checking for dlopen() in libdl ... found 
checking for sched_yield() ... found 
checking for sched_setaffinity() ... found 
checking for SO_SETFIB ... not found 
checking for SO_REUSEPORT ... found 
checking for SO_ACCEPTFILTER ... not found 
checking for SO_BINDANY ... not found 
checking for IP_TRANSPARENT ... found 
checking for IP_BINDANY ... not found 
checking for IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT ... not found 
checking for IP_RECVDSTADDR ... not found 
checking for IP_SENDSRCADDR ... not found 
checking for IP_PKTINFO ... found 
checking for IPV6_RECVPKTINFO ... found 
checking for TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT ... found 
checking for TCP_KEEPIDLE ... found 
checking for TCP_FASTOPEN ... found 
checking for TCP_INFO ... found 
checking for accept4() ... found 
checking for eventfd() ... found
 checking for int size ... 4 bytes 
checking for long size ... 8 bytes 
checking for long long size ... 8 bytes 
checking for void * size ... 8 bytes 
checking for uint32_t ... found 
checking for uint64_t ... found 
checking for sig_atomic_t ... found 
checking for sig_atomic_t size ... 4 bytes 
checking for socklen_t ... found 
checking for in_addr_t ... found 
checking for in_port_t ... found 
checking for rlim_t ... found 
checking for uintptr_t ... uintptr_t found 
checking for system byte ordering ... little endian 
checking for size_t size ... 8 bytes 
checking for off_t size ... 8 bytes 
checking for time_t size ... 8 bytes 
checking for AF_INET6 ... found 
checking for setproctitle() ... not found 
checking for pread() ... found 
checking for pwrite() ... found 
checking for pwritev() ... found 
checking for sys_nerr ... found 
checking for localtime_r() ... found 
checking for clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) ... found
 checking for posix_memalign() ... found 
checking for memalign() ... found 
checking for mmap(MAP_ANON|MAP_SHARED) ... found 
checking for mmap("/dev/zero", MAP_SHARED) ... found 
checking for System V shared memory ... found 
checking for POSIX semaphores ... not found 
checking for POSIX semaphores in libpthread ... found 
checking for struct msghdr.msg_control ... found 
checking for ioctl(FIONBIO) ... found 
checking for ioctl(FIONREAD) ... found 
checking for struct tm.tm_gmtoff ... found 
checking for struct dirent.d_namlen ... not found 
checking for struct dirent.d_type ... found 
checking for sysconf(SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) ... found 
checking for sysconf(SC_LEVEL1_DCACHE_LINESIZE) ... found 
checking for openat(), fstatat() ... found 
checking for getaddrinfo() ... found 
checking for PCRE library ... found 
checking for PCRE JIT support ... found 
checking for zlib library ... found 
creating objs/Makefile
16 
17 Configuration summary
18 
19 using system PCRE library
20 
21 OpenSSL library is not used
22 
23 using system zlib library
24 
25 nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx" nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" 
nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules" 
nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf" 
nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" 
nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" 
nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" 
nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log" 
nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp" 
nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp" 
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp" 
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp" 
nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"
26 
27 #開始編譯，安裝
28 
29 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# make && make install
30 
31 出現結果，沒有中斷說明正常安裝

 

Nginx文件安裝路徑查看

1 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# ll /usr/local/
2 bin/ games/ lib/ libexec/ sbin/ src/ 
3 etc/ include/ lib64/ nginx/ share/ 
4 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# ll /usr/local/nginx/
5 total 4
6 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 11 06:45 conf
7 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 38 Jun 11 06:45 html
8 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 11 06:45 logs
9 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 18 Jun 11 06:45 sbin

 

建立連接，快速使用Nginx命令

1 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

 

經常使用命令 

 1 #查看nginx配置文件是否良好
 2 
 3 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# nginx -t 
 4 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
 5 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
 6 
 7 #直接輸入nginx開啓
 8 
 9 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# nginx
10 
11 #進程查看
12 
13 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# ps -ef | grep nginx
14 root       5817      1  0 07:18 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
15 nobody     5818   5817  0 07:18 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
16 root       5820   3058  0 07:18 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
17 
18 #重啓nginx
19 
20 [root@nginx ~]# nginx -s reload 
21 
22 #中止nginx並查看進程
23 
24 [root@nginx ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx 
25 root       5876      1  0 07:26 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
26 nobody     5879   5876  0 07:26 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
27 root       5881   5852  0 07:26 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
28 [root@nginx ~]# nginx -s stop 
29 [root@nginx ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx 
30 root       5884   5852  0 07:27 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
31 
32 #端口查看，查看發現80端口開啓
33 
34 #注，nginx默認端口80端口
35 
36 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# netstat -ntpl 
37 Active Internet connections (only servers)
38 Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
39 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5817/nginx: master  
40 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1404/sshd           
41 tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1847/master         
42 tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1404/sshd           
43 tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1847/master       

 

目錄解析

 1 ├── conf                       這是nginx全部配置文件的目錄
 2      │  ├── fastcgi.conf                   fastcgi 相關參數的配置文件
 3         │  ├── fastcgi.conf.default             fastcgi.conf 的原始備份
 4         │  ├── fastcgi_params                fastcgi的參數文件
 5         │  ├── fastcgi_params.default
 6         │  ├── koi-utf
 7         │  ├── koi-win
 8         │  ├── mime.types                  媒體類型
 9         │  ├── mime.types.default
10         │  ├── nginx.conf                  nginx默認的主配置文件
11         │  ├── nginx.conf.default
12         │  ├── scgi_params                scgi 相關參數文件
13         │  ├── scgi_params.default
14         │  ├── uwsgi_params              uwsgi相關參數文件
15         │  ├── uwsgi_params.default
16         │  └── win-utf
17         ├── fastcgi_temp                 fastcgi臨時數據目錄
18         ├── html                       這是編譯安裝時nginx的默認站點目錄，相似
19             Apache的默認站點htdocs 
20         │  ├── 50x.html                 錯誤頁面優雅替代顯示文件，例如：出現502錯誤時會調
21 用此頁面error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html
22         │  └── index.html                默認的首頁文件，
23 index.html\index.asp\index.jsp來作網站的首頁文件
24         ├── logs                       nginx默認的日誌路徑，包括錯誤日誌及訪問日誌
25         │  ├── access.log                nginx的默認訪問日誌文件，使用tail -f
26 access.log,能夠實時觀看網站的用戶訪問狀況信息
27         │  ├── error.log                 nginx的錯誤日誌文件，若是nginx出現啓動故障能夠
28 查看此文件
29         │  └── nginx.pid                nginx的pid文件，nginx進程啓動後，會把全部進程的
30 ID號寫到此文件
31         ├── nginx-1.6.3 -> /application/nginx-1.6.3
32         ├── proxy_temp                臨時目錄
33         ├── sbin                      這是nginx命令的目錄，如nginx的啓動命令nginx
34         │  ├── nginx                  Nginx的啓動命令nginx

 

最終結果查看

瀏覽器裏，輸入你nginx服務器的ip地址直接訪問，查當作功沒有,好比：x.x.x.x