參考連接:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-01/150690.htmhtml
做者:kangvcar前端
YUM或Yellowdog Updater Modified是管理rpm包的前端工具。 它用於經過命令行界面或使用圖形模式來安裝,刪除,更新和收集有關rpm軟件包的信息。 使用YUM的主要優勢是,它解決了rpm包的全部依賴關係,並將它們與包一塊兒安裝。linux
安裝一個軟件包 yum install httpdnginx
刪除一個包 yum remove httpdvim
更新軟件包 yum update httpdcentos
列出全部安裝的軟件包 yum list installed | less緩存
列出全部捆綁的組包 yum grouplist網絡
安裝一組包 yum groupinstall ‘Minimal Install’app
刪除一個組包 yum groupremove ‘NFS fille server’less
搜索一個包 yum search httpd
列出一個包的信息 yum info httpd
找到屬於哪一個包的文件 yum provides /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
顯示全部repolist(啓用和禁用) yum repolist all
從特定的存儲庫安裝軟件包 yum –enablerepo=epel install nginx
清理yum緩存 yum clean all
yum的默認緩存文件存儲在/var/cache/yum中
查看YUM命令歷史記錄 yum history
因爲安裝centos後的默認Yum源爲centos的官方地址,因此在國內使用很慢甚至沒法訪問,因此通常的作法都是把默認的Yum源替換成aliyun的Yum源或者163等國內的Yum源(下文介紹如何配置)。 可是以上的方法都是須要網絡的,當沒有網絡的時候就沒法使用了,因此還有一個經常使用的方法就是用Centos的ISO鏡像搭建本地Yum源,這樣安裝軟件的速度就會飛快,缺點是可能有些包沒有。
1.安裝Centos後默認的Yum源以下
[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 32 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo
2.把默認Yum源備份(可選)
[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/
3.在虛擬機上掛載CentOS鏡像文件
[root@kangvcar ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /opt/centos mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
4.編寫repo文件並指向鏡像的掛載目錄
[root@kangvcar ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo [local] name=local baseurl=file:///opt/centos enabled=1 gpgcheck=0
5.清除緩存
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: local Cleaning up everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把Yum源緩存到本地,加快軟件的搜索好安裝速度 [root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //列出了3780個包
阿里雲官方教程:http://mirrors.aliyun.com/help/centos
1.安裝Centos後默認的Yum源以下
[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 32 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo
2.把默認Yum源備份(可選)
[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/
3.下載aliyun Yum源repo文件(對應本身的系統版本下載便可)
#各系統版本repo文件對應的下載操做 CentOS 5 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo CentOS 6 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo CentOS 7 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release //查看系統的版本 CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@kangvcar ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo --2017-06-20 06:43:08-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 112.124.140.210, 115.28.122.210 Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|112.124.140.210|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 2573 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ 100%[=======================================================================================================>] 2,573 --.-K/s in 0s 2017-06-20 06:43:08 (118 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2573/2573]
4.清除緩存
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base extras updates Cleaning up everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把Yum源緩存到本地,加快軟件的搜索好安裝速度 [root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //總共列出了9954個包
163官方教程:http://mirrors.163.com/.help/centos.html
1.安裝Centos後默認的Yum源以下
[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 32 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo
2.把默認Yum源備份(可選)
[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/
3.下載163 Yum源repo文件
#各系統版本repo文件對應的下載操做 CentOS 5 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS5-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo CentOS 6 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS6-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS 7 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release //查看系統的版本 CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@kangvcar ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo --2017-06-20 06:29:47-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo Resolving mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 123.58.173.185, 123.58.173.186 Connecting to mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|123.58.173.185|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo’ 100%[=======================================================================================================>] 1,572 --.-K/s in 0s 2017-06-20 06:29:47 (293 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo’ saved [1572/1572]
4.清除緩存
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base extras updates Cleaning up everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把Yum源緩存到本地,加快軟件的搜索好安裝速度 [root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //總共列出了9951個包
當既有本地Yum源又有163源的時候,咱們在裝軟件包的時候固然但願先用本地的Yum源去安裝,本地找不到可用的包時再使用163源去安裝軟件,這裏就涉及到了優先級的問題,Yum提供的插件yum-plugin-priorities.noarch能夠解決這個問題
1.查看系統是否安裝了優先級的插件
[root@kangvcar ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum-plugin- yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch //這裏看到沒有安裝yum-plugin-priorities.noarch這個插件 [root@kangvcar ~]# yum search yum-plugin-priorities //用search查看是否有此插件可用 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com ====================================================== N/S matched: yum-plugin-priorities ======================================================= yum-plugin-priorities.noarch : plugin to give priorities to packages from different repos
2.安裝yum-plugin-priorities.noarch插件
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install yum-plugin-priorities.noarch
3.查看插件是否啓用
[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/priorities.conf [main] enabled = 1 //1爲啓用;0爲禁用
4.修改本地Yum源優先使用
[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2573 May 15 2015 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 67 Jun 20 06:04 local.repo //有兩個repo文件 [root@kangvcar ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo [local] name=local baseurl=file:///opt/centos enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 priority=1 //在原基礎上加入priority=1 ;數字越小優先級越高 //能夠繼續修改其餘源的priority值,經測試僅配置本地源的優先級爲priority=1就會優先使用本地源了
5.測試
配置優先級前:(使用阿里雲Yum源) [root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install vim Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================= Installing: vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 updates 1.0 M Updating for dependencies: vim-common x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 updates 5.9 M 省略···
配置優先級後:(使用本地Yum源) [root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install vim Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================= Installing: vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7 local 1.0 M Installing for dependencies: gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-5.el7 local 32 k perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-286.el7 local 8.0 M perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 local 19 k perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 local 1.5 M perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 local 28 k perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 local 26 k perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 local 56 k 省略···
RHEL7 本地yum源配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-01/139140.htm
CentOS 6.5 配置本地Yum源 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/143127.htm
CentOS 7 使用阿里雲的yum源、PIP源 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-01/13966.htm
CentOS及Red Hat Linux安裝yum源 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140205.htm
CentOS 7更改yum源與更新系統 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-01/140067.htm
redhat7.0配置本地yum源 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-01/139148.htm
RedHat Linux 7安裝CentOS 7 yum源 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142444.htm
軟件包管理以前端管理工具yum http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140270.htm
CentOS 7 使用阿里雲的yum源、PIP源 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-01/13966.htm
Linux yum的配置使用和程序包的編譯安裝 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-09/146903.htm
Yum 加速設置請參考 <http://mirrors.163.com/.help/centos.html>