本節重點不講反射機制,而是講lambda表達式樹來替代反射中經常使用的獲取屬性和方法,來達到相同的效果但卻比反射高效。express
每一個人都知道,用反射調用一個方法或者對屬性執行SetValue和GetValue操做的時候都會比直接調用慢不少,這其中設計到CLR中內部的處理,不作深究。然而,咱們在某些狀況下又沒法不使用反射,好比:在一個ORM框架中,你要將一個DataRow轉化爲一個對象,但你又不清楚該對象有什麼屬性,這時候你就須要寫一個通用的泛型方法來處理,如下代碼寫得有點噁心,但不妨礙理解意思:緩存
//將DataReader轉化爲一個對象
private static T GetObj<T>(SqliteDataReader reader) where T : class { T obj = new T(); PropertyInfo[] pros = obj.GetType().GetProperties(); foreach (PropertyInfo item in pros) { try { Int32 Index = reader.GetOrdinal(item.Name); String result = reader.GetString(Index); if (typeof(String) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, result); continue; } if (typeof(DateTime) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToDateTime(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Boolean) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToBoolean(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Int32) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToInt32(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Single) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToSingle(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Single) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToSingle(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Double) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToDouble(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Decimal) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToDecimal(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Byte) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToByte(result)); continue; } } catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException ex) { continue; } } return obj; }
對於這種狀況,其執行效率是特別低下的,具體多慢在下面例子會在.Net Core平臺上和.Net Framework4.0運行測試案例.對於以上我舉例的狀況,效率上咱們還能夠獲得提高。但對於想在運行時修改一下屬性的名稱或其餘操做,反射仍是一項特別的神器,所以在某些狀況下反射仍是沒法避免的。框架
可是對於只是簡單的SetValue或者GetValue,包括用反射構造函數,咱們能夠想一箇中繼的方法,那就是使用表達式樹。對於不理解表達式樹的,能夠到微軟文檔查看,點擊我。表達式樹很容易經過對象模型表示表達式,所以強烈建議學習。查看如下代碼:函數
static void Main() { Dog dog = new Dog(); PropertyInfo propertyInfo = dog.GetType().GetProperty(nameof(dog.Name)); //獲取對象Dog的屬性 MethodInfo SetterMethodInfo = propertyInfo.GetSetMethod(); //獲取屬性Name的set方法 ParameterExpression param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Dog), "param"); Expression GetPropertyValueExp = Expression.Lambda(Expression.Property(param, nameof(dog.Name)), param); Expression<Func<Dog, String>> GetPropertyValueLambda = (Expression<Func<Dog, String>>)GetPropertyValueExp; ParameterExpression paramo = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Dog), "param"); ParameterExpression parami = Expression.Parameter(typeof(String), "newvalue"); MethodCallExpression MethodCallSetterOfProperty = Expression.Call(paramo, SetterMethodInfo, parami); Expression SetPropertyValueExp = Expression.Lambda(MethodCallSetterOfProperty, paramo, parami); Expression<Action<Dog, String>> SetPropertyValueLambda = (Expression<Action<Dog, String>>)SetPropertyValueExp; //建立了屬性Name的Get方法表達式和Set方法表達式,固然只是最簡單的 Func<Dog, String> Getter = GetPropertyValueLambda.Compile(); Action<Dog, String> Setter = SetPropertyValueLambda.Compile(); Setter?.Invoke(dog, "WLJ"); //咱們如今對dog這個對象的Name屬性賦值 String dogName = Getter?.Invoke(dog); //獲取屬性Name的值 Console.WriteLine(dogName); Console.ReadKey(); } public class Dog { public String Name { get; set; } }
以上代碼可能很難看得懂,但只要知道咱們建立了屬性的Get、Set這兩個方法就行,其結果最後也能輸出狗的名字 WLJ,擁有ExpressionTree的好處是他有一個名爲Compile()的方法,它建立一個表明表達式的代碼塊。如今是最有趣的部分,假設你在編譯時不知道類型(在這篇文章中包含的代碼我在不一樣的程序集上建立了一個類型)你仍然能夠應用這種技術,我將對於經常使用的屬性的set,get操做進行分裝。oop
/// <summary>
/// 屬性類,仿造反射中的PropertyInfo /// </summary>
public class Property { private readonly PropertyGetter getter; private readonly PropertySetter setter; public String Name { get; private set; } public PropertyInfo Info { get; private set; } public Property(PropertyInfo propertyInfo) { if (propertyInfo == null) throw new NullReferenceException("屬性不能爲空"); this.Name = propertyInfo.Name; this.Info = propertyInfo; if (this.Info.CanRead) { this.getter = new PropertyGetter(propertyInfo); } if (this.Info.CanWrite) { this.setter = new PropertySetter(propertyInfo); } } /// <summary>
/// 獲取對象的值 /// </summary>
/// <param name="instance"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public Object GetValue(Object instance) { return getter?.Invoke(instance); } /// <summary>
/// 賦值操做 /// </summary>
/// <param name="instance"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
public void SetValue(Object instance, Object value) { this.setter?.Invoke(instance, value); } private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Type, Core.Reflection.Property[]> securityCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<Type, Property[]>(); public static Core.Reflection.Property[] GetProperties(Type type) { return securityCache.GetOrAdd(type, t => t.GetProperties().Select(p => new Property(p)).ToArray()); } } /// <summary>
/// 屬性Get操做類 /// </summary>
public class PropertyGetter { private readonly Func<Object, Object> funcGet; public PropertyGetter(PropertyInfo propertyInfo) : this(propertyInfo?.DeclaringType, propertyInfo.Name) { } public PropertyGetter(Type declareType, String propertyName) { if (declareType == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(declareType)); } if (propertyName == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(propertyName)); } this.funcGet = CreateGetValueDeleagte(declareType, propertyName); } //代碼核心部分
private static Func<Object, Object> CreateGetValueDeleagte(Type declareType, String propertyName) { // (object instance) => (object)((declaringType)instance).propertyName
var param_instance = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Object)); var body_objToType = Expression.Convert(param_instance, declareType); var body_getTypeProperty = Expression.Property(body_objToType, propertyName); var body_return = Expression.Convert(body_getTypeProperty, typeof(Object)); return Expression.Lambda<Func<Object, Object>>(body_return, param_instance).Compile(); } public Object Invoke(Object instance) { return this.funcGet?.Invoke(instance); } }
public class PropertySetter { private readonly Action<Object, Object> setFunc; public PropertySetter(PropertyInfo property) { if (property == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(property)); } this.setFunc = CreateSetValueDelagate(property); } private static Action<Object, Object> CreateSetValueDelagate(PropertyInfo property) { // (object instance, object value) => // ((instanceType)instance).Set_XXX((propertyType)value) //聲明方法須要的參數
var param_instance = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Object)); var param_value = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Object)); var body_instance = Expression.Convert(param_instance, property.DeclaringType); var body_value = Expression.Convert(param_value, property.PropertyType); var body_call = Expression.Call(body_instance, property.GetSetMethod(), body_value); return Expression.Lambda<Action<Object, Object>>(body_call, param_instance, param_value).Compile(); } public void Invoke(Object instance, Object value) { this.setFunc?.Invoke(instance, value); } }
在將代碼應用到實例:性能
Dog dog = new Dog(); PropertyInfo propertyInfo = dog.GetType().GetProperty(nameof(dog.Name)); //反射操做 propertyInfo.SetValue(dog, "WLJ"); String result = propertyInfo.GetValue(dog) as String; Console.WriteLine(result); //表達式樹的操做 Property property = new Property(propertyInfo); property.SetValue(dog, "WLJ2"); String result2 = property.GetValue(dog) as String; Console.WriteLine(result2);
發現其實現的目的與反射一致,但效率卻有明顯的提升。學習
如下測試如下他們兩之間的效率。測試代碼以下:測試
Student student = new Student(); PropertyInfo propertyInfo = student.GetType().GetProperty(nameof(student.Name)); Property ExpProperty = new Property(propertyInfo); Int32 loopCount = 1000000; CodeTimer.Initialize(); //測試環境初始化 //下面該方法個執行1000000次 CodeTimer.Time("基礎反射", loopCount, () => { propertyInfo.SetValue(student, "Fode",null); }); CodeTimer.Time("lambda表達式樹", loopCount, () => { ExpProperty.SetValue(student, "Fode"); }); CodeTimer.Time("直接賦值", loopCount, () => { student.Name = "Fode"; }); Console.ReadKey();
其.Net4.0環境下運行結果以下:優化
.Net Core環境下運行結果:this
從以上結果能夠知道,迭代一樣的次數反射須要183ms,而用表達式只要34ms,直接賦值須要7ms,在效率上,使用表達式這種方法有顯著的提升,您能夠看到使用此技術能夠徹底避免使用反射時的性能損失。反射之因此效率有點低主要取決於其加載的時候時在運行期下,而表達式則在編譯期,下篇有空將會介紹用Emit技術優化反射,會比表達式略快一點。
注:對於經常使用對象的屬性,最好將其緩存起來,這樣效率會更高。。