Django的admin源碼淺析和模仿
admin模塊：javascript
admin提供了5種接口html
list_display,前端
指定數據展現字段，不能放多對多字段
list_display_link,哪一個字段能夠連接java
search_fields,搜索框python
search_fiekds
search_fields=['title','price']
搜索title裏面包含1的，或者price包含1的數據
1.在頁面上渲染出搜索框
2.支持條件與條件之間的''或''查詢
list_filter：用於篩選jquery
1.它不是用來篩選普通字段的，它是用來幫你篩選外鍵字段的
2.支持組合查詢
acition:批處理正則表達式
先定義一個批量處理函數
頁面圖：
模仿admin寫一個CRM項目
1.首先Django啓動會自動加載配置文件django
經過autodiscover_modules('文件名')會自動執行每個應用下的文件json
那麼建立一個名爲stark的應用(模擬admin的應用)和一個名爲app01，app02的應用(正常測試應用)app
在app01和app02下建立stark.py文件
在setting中爲app01，app02，stark註冊
點進StarkConfig
模仿admin，在StarkConfig中加入autodiscover_modules
測試一下，在app01，app02下的stark.py文件中，打印字符串
啓動Django，運行效果：
這樣咱們就實現了啓動Django的時候就運行咱們本身定義的文件了
第一次打印是debug模式，不用管
2.路由分發
看看admin是怎麼作的路由分發
點擊site，以下圖所示，site是一個類的實例化對象，一樣這也是基於模板的單例
那麼site.urls是什麼？
沒錯，urls就是AdminSite這個類中有property裝飾的一個類而已，@property簡單的來講就是外界能夠經過點(.)的方式來獲取這個函數的返回值，能夠當作類的變量來處理
那麼看看urls返回了什麼
它返回了一個元組
這也是路由分發的根本原理
先說一下路由分發的本質：
路由分發的基本格式：url('正則表達式',([分發的路由],None,None))
一級分發：此時生成了兩條路由
二級分發：此時生成了四條路由
經過這樣的原理，能夠無限的分發，三級分發，四級分發等等
如今在看這句源碼：
和基礎格式（[ ],None,None）是否是對應了起來，那麼咱們猜想self.get_urls()返回的是一個列表
檢驗一下：
def get_urls(self): from django.conf.urls import url, include # Since this module gets imported in the application's root package, # it cannot import models from other applications at the module level, # and django.contrib.contenttypes.views imports ContentType. from django.contrib.contenttypes import views as contenttype_views def wrap(view, cacheable=False): def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): return self.admin_view(view, cacheable)(*args, **kwargs) wrapper.admin_site = self return update_wrapper(wrapper, view) # Admin-site-wide views. urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', wrap(self.index), name='index'), url(r'^login/$', self.login, name='login'), url(r'^logout/$', wrap(self.logout), name='logout'), url(r'^password_change/$', wrap(self.password_change, cacheable=True), name='password_change'), url(r'^password_change/done/$', wrap(self.password_change_done, cacheable=True), name='password_change_done'), url(r'^jsi18n/$', wrap(self.i18n_javascript, cacheable=True), name='jsi18n'), url(r'^r/(?P<content_type_id>\d+)/(?P<object_id>.+)/$', wrap(contenttype_views.shortcut), name='view_on_site'), ] # Add in each model's views, and create a list of valid URLS for the # app_index valid_app_labels = [] for model, model_admin in self._registry.items(): urlpatterns += [ url(r'^%s/%s/' % (model._meta.app_label, model._meta.model_name), include(model_admin.urls)), ] if model._meta.app_label not in valid_app_labels: valid_app_labels.append(model._meta.app_label) # If there were ModelAdmins registered, we should have a list of app # labels for which we need to allow access to the app_index view, if valid_app_labels: regex = r'^(?P<app_label>' + '|'.join(valid_app_labels) + ')/$' urlpatterns += [ url(regex, wrap(self.app_index), name='app_list'), ] return urlpatterns
精簡一下：
def get_urls(self): urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', wrap(self.index), name='index'), url(r'^login/$', self.login, name='login'), url(r'^logout/$', wrap(self.logout), name='logout'), url(r'^password_change/$', wrap(self.password_change, cacheable=True), name='password_change'), url(r'^password_change/done/$', wrap(self.password_change_done, cacheable=True), name='password_change_done'), url(r'^jsi18n/$', wrap(self.i18n_javascript, cacheable=True), name='jsi18n'), url(r'^r/(?P<content_type_id>\d+)/(?P<object_id>.+)/$', wrap(contenttype_views.shortcut), name='view_on_site'), ] return urlpatterns
因此下面這句實現了路由分發
那麼接下來模仿這個格式進行路由的分發
admin.site是類實例化的對象
因此咱們也在stark中建立一個類，而且用單例的方法實例化，在類中加入urls函數
在urls中
是否是很像，可是功能一點沒寫，如今先實現路由的分發
實現路由的分發要從get_urls()入手，在admin中
經過這句話，就能把user表加入路由中
因此除了get_urls以外，咱們還須要register函數
先看看admin的register函數中寫了什麼
完整源碼：
def register(self, model_or_iterable, admin_class=None, **options): """ Registers the given model(s) with the given admin class. The model(s) should be Model classes, not instances. If an admin class isn't given, it will use ModelAdmin (the default admin options). If keyword arguments are given -- e.g., list_display -- they'll be applied as options to the admin class. If a model is already registered, this will raise AlreadyRegistered. If a model is abstract, this will raise ImproperlyConfigured. """ if not admin_class: admin_class = ModelAdmin if isinstance(model_or_iterable, ModelBase): model_or_iterable = [model_or_iterable] for model in model_or_iterable: if model._meta.abstract: raise ImproperlyConfigured( 'The model %s is abstract, so it cannot be registered with admin.' % model.__name__ ) if model in self._registry: raise AlreadyRegistered('The model %s is already registered' % model.__name__) # Ignore the registration if the model has been # swapped out. if not model._meta.swapped: # If we got **options then dynamically construct a subclass of # admin_class with those **options. if options: # For reasons I don't quite understand, without a __module__ # the created class appears to "live" in the wrong place, # which causes issues later on. options['__module__'] = __name__ admin_class = type("%sAdmin" % model.__name__, (admin_class,), options) # Instantiate the admin class to save in the registry self._registry[model] = admin_class(model, self)
精簡版
def register(self, model, admin_class=None, **options): if not admin_class: admin_class = ModelAdmin self._registry[model] = admin_class(model)
在解釋以前，先看看ModelAdmin和self._registry是什麼東西
ModelAdmin源碼：
class ModelAdmin(BaseModelAdmin): "Encapsulates all admin options and functionality for a given model." list_display = ('__str__',) list_display_links = () list_filter = () list_select_related = False list_per_page = 100 list_max_show_all = 200 list_editable = () search_fields = () date_hierarchy = None save_as = False save_as_continue = True save_on_top = False paginator = Paginator preserve_filters = True inlines = [] # Custom templates (designed to be over-ridden in subclasses) add_form_template = None change_form_template = None change_list_template = None delete_confirmation_template = None delete_selected_confirmation_template = None object_history_template = None popup_response_template = None # Actions actions = [] action_form = helpers.ActionForm actions_on_top = True actions_on_bottom = False actions_selection_counter = True checks_class = ModelAdminChecks def __init__(self, model, admin_site): self.model = model self.opts = model._meta self.admin_site = admin_site super(ModelAdmin, self).__init__() def __str__(self): return "%s.%s" % (self.model._meta.app_label, self.__class__.__name__) def get_inline_instances(self, request, obj=None): inline_instances = [] for inline_class in self.inlines: inline = inline_class(self.model, self.admin_site) if request: if not (inline.has_add_permission(request) or inline.has_change_permission(request, obj) or inline.has_delete_permission(request, obj)): continue if not inline.has_add_permission(request): inline.max_num = 0 inline_instances.append(inline) return inline_instances def get_urls(self): from django.conf.urls import url def wrap(view): def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): return self.admin_site.admin_view(view)(*args, **kwargs) wrapper.model_admin = self return update_wrapper(wrapper, view) info = self.model._meta.app_label, self.model._meta.model_name urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', wrap(self.changelist_view), name='%s_%s_changelist' % info), url(r'^add/$', wrap(self.add_view), name='%s_%s_add' % info), url(r'^(.+)/history/$', wrap(self.history_view), name='%s_%s_history' % info), url(r'^(.+)/delete/$', wrap(self.delete_view), name='%s_%s_delete' % info), url(r'^(.+)/change/$', wrap(self.change_view), name='%s_%s_change' % info), # For backwards compatibility (was the change url before 1.9) url(r'^(.+)/$', wrap(RedirectView.as_view( pattern_name='%s:%s_%s_change' % ((self.admin_site.name,) + info) ))), ] return urlpatterns @property def urls(self): return self.get_urls() @property def media(self): extra = '' if settings.DEBUG else '.min' js = [ 'core.js', 'vendor/jquery/jquery%s.js' % extra, 'jquery.init.js', 'admin/RelatedObjectLookups.js', 'actions%s.js' % extra, 'urlify.js', 'prepopulate%s.js' % extra, 'vendor/xregexp/xregexp%s.js' % extra, ] return forms.Media(js=['admin/js/%s' % url for url in js]) def get_model_perms(self, request): """ Returns a dict of all perms for this model. This dict has the keys ``add``, ``change``, and ``delete`` mapping to the True/False for each of those actions. """ return { 'add': self.has_add_permission(request), 'change': self.has_change_permission(request), 'delete': self.has_delete_permission(request), } def get_fields(self, request, obj=None): if self.fields: return self.fields form = self.get_form(request, obj, fields=None) return list(form.base_fields) + list(self.get_readonly_fields(request, obj)) def get_form(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs): """ Returns a Form class for use in the admin add view. This is used by add_view and change_view. """ if 'fields' in kwargs: fields = kwargs.pop('fields') else: fields = flatten_fieldsets(self.get_fieldsets(request, obj)) excluded = self.get_exclude(request, obj) exclude = [] if excluded is None else list(excluded) readonly_fields = self.get_readonly_fields(request, obj) exclude.extend(readonly_fields) if excluded is None and hasattr(self.form, '_meta') and self.form._meta.exclude: # Take the custom ModelForm's Meta.exclude into account only if the # ModelAdmin doesn't define its own. exclude.extend(self.form._meta.exclude) # if exclude is an empty list we pass None to be consistent with the # default on modelform_factory exclude = exclude or None # Remove declared form fields which are in readonly_fields. new_attrs = OrderedDict( (f, None) for f in readonly_fields if f in self.form.declared_fields ) form = type(self.form.__name__, (self.form,), new_attrs) defaults = { "form": form, "fields": fields, "exclude": exclude, "formfield_callback": partial(self.formfield_for_dbfield, request=request), } defaults.update(kwargs) if defaults['fields'] is None and not modelform_defines_fields(defaults['form']): defaults['fields'] = forms.ALL_FIELDS try: return modelform_factory(self.model, **defaults) except FieldError as e: raise FieldError( '%s. Check fields/fieldsets/exclude attributes of class %s.' % (e, self.__class__.__name__) ) def get_changelist(self, request, **kwargs): """ Returns the ChangeList class for use on the changelist page. """ from django.contrib.admin.views.main import ChangeList return ChangeList def get_object(self, request, object_id, from_field=None): """ Returns an instance matching the field and value provided, the primary key is used if no field is provided. Returns ``None`` if no match is found or the object_id fails validation. """ queryset = self.get_queryset(request) model = queryset.model field = model._meta.pk if from_field is None else model._meta.get_field(from_field) try: object_id = field.to_python(object_id) return queryset.get(**{field.name: object_id}) except (model.DoesNotExist, ValidationError, ValueError): return None def get_changelist_form(self, request, **kwargs): """ Returns a Form class for use in the Formset on the changelist page. """ defaults = { "formfield_callback": partial(self.formfield_for_dbfield, request=request), } defaults.update(kwargs) if defaults.get('fields') is None and not modelform_defines_fields(defaults.get('form')): defaults['fields'] = forms.ALL_FIELDS return modelform_factory(self.model, **defaults) def get_changelist_formset(self, request, **kwargs): """ Returns a FormSet class for use on the changelist page if list_editable is used. """ defaults = { "formfield_callback": partial(self.formfield_for_dbfield, request=request), } defaults.update(kwargs) return modelformset_factory( self.model, self.get_changelist_form(request), extra=0, fields=self.list_editable, **defaults ) def get_formsets_with_inlines(self, request, obj=None): """ Yields formsets and the corresponding inlines. """ for inline in self.get_inline_instances(request, obj): yield inline.get_formset(request, obj), inline def get_paginator(self, request, queryset, per_page, orphans=0, allow_empty_first_page=True): return self.paginator(queryset, per_page, orphans, allow_empty_first_page) def log_addition(self, request, object, message): """ Log that an object has been successfully added. The default implementation creates an admin LogEntry object. """ from django.contrib.admin.models import LogEntry, ADDITION return LogEntry.objects.log_action( user_id=request.user.pk, content_type_id=get_content_type_for_model(object).pk, object_id=object.pk, object_repr=force_text(object), action_flag=ADDITION, change_message=message, ) def log_change(self, request, object, message): """ Log that an object has been successfully changed. The default implementation creates an admin LogEntry object. """ from django.contrib.admin.models import LogEntry, CHANGE return LogEntry.objects.log_action( user_id=request.user.pk, content_type_id=get_content_type_for_model(object).pk, object_id=object.pk, object_repr=force_text(object), action_flag=CHANGE, change_message=message, ) def log_deletion(self, request, object, object_repr): """ Log that an object will be deleted. Note that this method must be called before the deletion. The default implementation creates an admin LogEntry object. """ from django.contrib.admin.models import LogEntry, DELETION return LogEntry.objects.log_action( user_id=request.user.pk, content_type_id=get_content_type_for_model(object).pk, object_id=object.pk, object_repr=object_repr, action_flag=DELETION, ) def action_checkbox(self, obj): """ A list_display column containing a checkbox widget. """ return helpers.checkbox.render(helpers.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME, force_text(obj.pk)) action_checkbox.short_description = mark_safe('<input type="checkbox" id="action-toggle" />') def get_actions(self, request): """ Return a dictionary mapping the names of all actions for this ModelAdmin to a tuple of (callable, name, description) for each action. """ # If self.actions is explicitly set to None that means that we don't # want *any* actions enabled on this page. if self.actions is None or IS_POPUP_VAR in request.GET: return OrderedDict() actions = [] # Gather actions from the admin site first for (name, func) in self.admin_site.actions: description = getattr(func, 'short_description', name.replace('_', ' ')) actions.append((func, name, description)) # Then gather them from the model admin and all parent classes, # starting with self and working back up. for klass in self.__class__.mro()[::-1]: class_actions = getattr(klass, 'actions', []) # Avoid trying to iterate over None if not class_actions: continue actions.extend(self.get_action(action) for action in class_actions) # get_action might have returned None, so filter any of those out. actions = filter(None, actions) # Convert the actions into an OrderedDict keyed by name. actions = OrderedDict( (name, (func, name, desc)) for func, name, desc in actions ) return actions def get_action_choices(self, request, default_choices=BLANK_CHOICE_DASH): """ Return a list of choices for use in a form object. Each choice is a tuple (name, description). """ choices = [] + default_choices for func, name, description in six.itervalues(self.get_actions(request)): choice = (name, description % model_format_dict(self.opts)) choices.append(choice) return choices def get_action(self, action): """ Return a given action from a parameter, which can either be a callable, or the name of a method on the ModelAdmin. Return is a tuple of (callable, name, description). """ # If the action is a callable, just use it. if callable(action): func = action action = action.__name__ # Next, look for a method. Grab it off self.__class__ to get an unbound # method instead of a bound one; this ensures that the calling # conventions are the same for functions and methods. elif hasattr(self.__class__, action): func = getattr(self.__class__, action) # Finally, look for a named method on the admin site else: try: func = self.admin_site.get_action(action) except KeyError: return None if hasattr(func, 'short_description'): description = func.short_description else: description = capfirst(action.replace('_', ' ')) return func, action, description def get_list_display(self, request): """ Return a sequence containing the fields to be displayed on the changelist. """ return self.list_display def get_list_display_links(self, request, list_display): """ Return a sequence containing the fields to be displayed as links on the changelist. The list_display parameter is the list of fields returned by get_list_display(). """ if self.list_display_links or self.list_display_links is None or not list_display: return self.list_display_links else: # Use only the first item in list_display as link return list(list_display)[:1] def get_list_filter(self, request): """ Returns a sequence containing the fields to be displayed as filters in the right sidebar of the changelist page. """ return self.list_filter def get_list_select_related(self, request): """ Returns a list of fields to add to the select_related() part of the changelist items query. """ return self.list_select_related def get_search_fields(self, request): """ Returns a sequence containing the fields to be searched whenever somebody submits a search query. """ return self.search_fields def get_search_results(self, request, queryset, search_term): """ Returns a tuple containing a queryset to implement the search, and a boolean indicating if the results may contain duplicates. """ # Apply keyword searches. def construct_search(field_name): if field_name.startswith('^'): return "%s__istartswith" % field_name[1:] elif field_name.startswith('='): return "%s__iexact" % field_name[1:] elif field_name.startswith('@'): return "%s__search" % field_name[1:] else: return "%s__icontains" % field_name use_distinct = False search_fields = self.get_search_fields(request) if search_fields and search_term: orm_lookups = [construct_search(str(search_field)) for search_field in search_fields] for bit in search_term.split(): or_queries = [models.Q(**{orm_lookup: bit}) for orm_lookup in orm_lookups] queryset = queryset.filter(reduce(operator.or_, or_queries)) if not use_distinct: for search_spec in orm_lookups: if lookup_needs_distinct(self.opts, search_spec): use_distinct = True break return queryset, use_distinct def get_preserved_filters(self, request): """ Returns the preserved filters querystring. """ match = request.resolver_match if self.preserve_filters and match: opts = self.model._meta current_url = '%s:%s' % (match.app_name, match.url_name) changelist_url = 'admin:%s_%s_changelist' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name) if current_url == changelist_url: preserved_filters = request.GET.urlencode() else: preserved_filters = request.GET.get('_changelist_filters') if preserved_filters: return urlencode({'_changelist_filters': preserved_filters}) return '' def construct_change_message(self, request, form, formsets, add=False): """ Construct a JSON structure describing changes from a changed object. """ return construct_change_message(form, formsets, add) def message_user(self, request, message, level=messages.INFO, extra_tags='', fail_silently=False): """ Send a message to the user. The default implementation posts a message using the django.contrib.messages backend. Exposes almost the same API as messages.add_message(), but accepts the positional arguments in a different order to maintain backwards compatibility. For convenience, it accepts the `level` argument as a string rather than the usual level number. """ if not isinstance(level, int): # attempt to get the level if passed a string try: level = getattr(messages.constants, level.upper()) except AttributeError: levels = messages.constants.DEFAULT_TAGS.values() levels_repr = ', '.join('`%s`' % l for l in levels) raise ValueError( 'Bad message level string: `%s`. Possible values are: %s' % (level, levels_repr) ) messages.add_message(request, level, message, extra_tags=extra_tags, fail_silently=fail_silently) def save_form(self, request, form, change): """ Given a ModelForm return an unsaved instance. ``change`` is True if the object is being changed, and False if it's being added. """ return form.save(commit=False) def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change): """ Given a model instance save it to the database. """ obj.save() def delete_model(self, request, obj): """ Given a model instance delete it from the database. """ obj.delete() def save_formset(self, request, form, formset, change): """ Given an inline formset save it to the database. """ formset.save() def save_related(self, request, form, formsets, change): """ Given the ``HttpRequest``, the parent ``ModelForm`` instance, the list of inline formsets and a boolean value based on whether the parent is being added or changed, save the related objects to the database. Note that at this point save_form() and save_model() have already been called. """ form.save_m2m() for formset in formsets: self.save_formset(request, form, formset, change=change) def render_change_form(self, request, context, add=False, change=False, form_url='', obj=None): opts = self.model._meta app_label = opts.app_label preserved_filters = self.get_preserved_filters(request) form_url = add_preserved_filters({'preserved_filters': preserved_filters, 'opts': opts}, form_url) view_on_site_url = self.get_view_on_site_url(obj) context.update({ 'add': add, 'change': change, 'has_add_permission': self.has_add_permission(request), 'has_change_permission': self.has_change_permission(request, obj), 'has_delete_permission': self.has_delete_permission(request, obj), 'has_file_field': True, # FIXME - this should check if form or formsets have a FileField, 'has_absolute_url': view_on_site_url is not None, 'absolute_url': view_on_site_url, 'form_url': form_url, 'opts': opts, 'content_type_id': get_content_type_for_model(self.model).pk, 'save_as': self.save_as, 'save_on_top': self.save_on_top, 'to_field_var': TO_FIELD_VAR, 'is_popup_var': IS_POPUP_VAR, 'app_label': app_label, }) if add and self.add_form_template is not None: form_template = self.add_form_template else: form_template = self.change_form_template request.current_app = self.admin_site.name return TemplateResponse(request, form_template or [ "admin/%s/%s/change_form.html" % (app_label, opts.model_name), "admin/%s/change_form.html" % app_label, "admin/change_form.html" ], context) def response_add(self, request, obj, post_url_continue=None): """ Determines the HttpResponse for the add_view stage. """ opts = obj._meta pk_value = obj._get_pk_val() preserved_filters = self.get_preserved_filters(request) obj_url = reverse( 'admin:%s_%s_change' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name), args=(quote(pk_value),), current_app=self.admin_site.name, ) # Add a link to the object's change form if the user can edit the obj. if self.has_change_permission(request, obj): obj_repr = format_html('<a href="{}">{}</a>', urlquote(obj_url), obj) else: obj_repr = force_text(obj) msg_dict = { 'name': force_text(opts.verbose_name), 'obj': obj_repr, } # Here, we distinguish between different save types by checking for # the presence of keys in request.POST. if IS_POPUP_VAR in request.POST: to_field = request.POST.get(TO_FIELD_VAR) if to_field: attr = str(to_field) else: attr = obj._meta.pk.attname value = obj.serializable_value(attr) popup_response_data = json.dumps({ 'value': six.text_type(value), 'obj': six.text_type(obj), }) return TemplateResponse(request, self.popup_response_template or [ 'admin/%s/%s/popup_response.html' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name), 'admin/%s/popup_response.html' % opts.app_label, 'admin/popup_response.html', ], { 'popup_response_data': popup_response_data, }) elif "_continue" in request.POST or ( # Redirecting after "Save as new". "_saveasnew" in request.POST and self.save_as_continue and self.has_change_permission(request, obj) ): msg = format_html( _('The {name} "{obj}" was added successfully. You may edit it again below.'), **msg_dict ) self.message_user(request, msg, messages.SUCCESS) if post_url_continue is None: post_url_continue = obj_url post_url_continue = add_preserved_filters( {'preserved_filters': preserved_filters, 'opts': opts}, post_url_continue ) return HttpResponseRedirect(post_url_continue) elif "_addanother" in request.POST: msg = format_html( _('The {name} "{obj}" was added successfully. You may add another {name} below.'), **msg_dict ) self.message_user(request, msg, messages.SUCCESS) redirect_url = request.path redirect_url = add_preserved_filters({'preserved_filters': preserved_filters, 'opts': opts}, redirect_url) return HttpResponseRedirect(redirect_url) else: msg = format_html( _('The {name} "{obj}" was added successfully.'), **msg_dict ) self.message_user(request, msg, messages.SUCCESS) return self.response_post_save_add(request, obj) def response_change(self, request, obj): """ Determines the HttpResponse for the change_view stage. """ if IS_POPUP_VAR in request.POST: opts = obj._meta to_field = request.POST.get(TO_FIELD_VAR) attr = str(to_field) if to_field else opts.pk.attname # Retrieve the `object_id` from the resolved pattern arguments. value = request.resolver_match.args[0] new_value = obj.serializable_value(attr) popup_response_data = json.dumps({ 'action': 'change', 'value': six.text_type(value), 'obj': six.text_type(obj), 'new_value': six.text_type(new_value), }) return TemplateResponse(request, self.popup_response_template or [ 'admin/%s/%s/popup_response.html' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name), 'admin/%s/popup_response.html' % opts.app_label, 'admin/popup_response.html', ], { 'popup_response_data': popup_response_data, }) opts = self.model._meta pk_value = obj._get_pk_val() preserved_filters = self.get_preserved_filters(request) msg_dict = { 'name': force_text(opts.verbose_name), 'obj': format_html('<a href="{}">{}</a>', urlquote(request.path), obj), } if "_continue" in request.POST: msg = format_html( _('The {name} "{obj}" was changed successfully. You may edit it again below.'), **msg_dict ) self.message_user(request, msg, messages.SUCCESS) redirect_url = request.path redirect_url = add_preserved_filters({'preserved_filters': preserved_filters, 'opts': opts}, redirect_url) return HttpResponseRedirect(redirect_url) elif "_saveasnew" in request.POST: msg = format_html( _('The {name} "{obj}" was added successfully. You may edit it again below.'), **msg_dict ) self.message_user(request, msg, messages.SUCCESS) redirect_url = reverse('admin:%s_%s_change' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name), args=(pk_value,), current_app=self.admin_site.name) redirect_url = add_preserved_filters({'preserved_filters': preserved_filters, 'opts': opts}, redirect_url) return HttpResponseRedirect(redirect_url) elif "_addanother" in request.POST: msg = format_html( _('The {name} "{obj}" was changed successfully. You may add another {name} below.'), **msg_dict ) self.message_user(request, msg, messages.SUCCESS) redirect_url = reverse('admin:%s_%s_add' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name), current_app=self.admin_site.name) redirect_url = add_preserved_filters({'preserved_filters': preserved_filters, 'opts': opts}, redirect_url) return HttpResponseRedirect(redirect_url) else: msg = format_html( _('The {name} "{obj}" was changed successfully.'), **msg_dict ) self.message_user(request, msg, messages.SUCCESS) return self.response_post_save_change(request, obj) def response_post_save_add(self, request, obj): """ Figure out where to redirect after the 'Save' button has been pressed when adding a new object. """ opts = self.model._meta if self.has_change_permission(request, None): post_url = reverse('admin:%s_%s_changelist' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name), current_app=self.admin_site.name) preserved_filters = self.get_preserved_filters(request) post_url = add_preserved_filters({'preserved_filters': preserved_filters, 'opts': opts}, post_url) else: post_url = reverse('admin:index', current_app=self.admin_site.name) return HttpResponseRedirect(post_url) def response_post_save_change(self, request, obj): """ Figure out where to redirect after the 'Save' button has been pressed when editing an existing object. """ opts = self.model._meta if self.has_change_permission(request, None): post_url = reverse('admin:%s_%s_changelist' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name), current_app=self.admin_site.name) preserved_filters = self.get_preserved_filters(request) post_url = add_preserved_filters({'preserved_filters': preserved_filters, 'opts': opts}, post_url) else: post_url = reverse('admin:index', current_app=self.admin_site.name) return HttpResponseRedirect(post_url) def response_action(self, request, queryset): """ Handle an admin action. This is called if a request is POSTed to the changelist; it returns an HttpResponse if the action was handled, and None otherwise. """ # There can be multiple action forms on the page (at the top # and bottom of the change list, for example). Get the action # whose button was pushed. try: action_index = int(request.POST.get('index', 0)) except ValueError: action_index = 0 # Construct the action form. data = request.POST.copy() data.pop(helpers.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME, None) data.pop("index", None) # Use the action whose button was pushed try: data.update({'action': data.getlist('action')[action_index]}) except IndexError: # If we didn't get an action from the chosen form that's invalid # POST data, so by deleting action it'll fail the validation check # below. So no need to do anything here pass action_form = self.action_form(data, auto_id=None) action_form.fields['action'].choices = self.get_action_choices(request) # If the form's valid we can handle the action. if action_form.is_valid(): action = action_form.cleaned_data['action'] select_across = action_form.cleaned_data['select_across'] func = self.get_actions(request)[action][0] # Get the list of selected PKs. If nothing's selected, we can't # perform an action on it, so bail. Except we want to perform # the action explicitly on all objects. selected = request.POST.getlist(helpers.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME) if not selected and not select_across: # Reminder that something needs to be selected or nothing will happen msg = _("Items must be selected in order to perform " "actions on them. No items have been changed.") self.message_user(request, msg, messages.WARNING) return None if not select_across: # Perform the action only on the selected objects queryset = queryset.filter(pk__in=selected) response = func(self, request, queryset) # Actions may return an HttpResponse-like object, which will be # used as the response from the POST. If not, we'll be a good # little HTTP citizen and redirect back to the changelist page. if isinstance(response, HttpResponseBase): return response else: return HttpResponseRedirect(request.get_full_path()) else: msg = _("No action selected.") self.message_user(request, msg, messages.WARNING) return None def response_delete(self, request, obj_display, obj_id): """ Determines the HttpResponse for the delete_view stage. """ opts = self.model._meta if IS_POPUP_VAR in request.POST: popup_response_data = json.dumps({ 'action': 'delete', 'value': str(obj_id), }) return TemplateResponse(request, self.popup_response_template or [ 'admin/%s/%s/popup_response.html' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name), 'admin/%s/popup_response.html' % opts.app_label, 'admin/popup_response.html', ], { 'popup_response_data': popup_response_data, }) self.message_user( request, _('The %(name)s "%(obj)s" was deleted successfully.') % { 'name': force_text(opts.verbose_name), 'obj': force_text(obj_display), }, messages.SUCCESS, ) if self.has_change_permission(request, None): post_url = reverse( 'admin:%s_%s_changelist' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name), current_app=self.admin_site.name, ) preserved_filters = self.get_preserved_filters(request) post_url = add_preserved_filters( {'preserved_filters': preserved_filters, 'opts': opts}, post_url ) else: post_url = reverse('admin:index', current_app=self.admin_site.name) return HttpResponseRedirect(post_url) def render_delete_form(self, request, context): opts = self.model._meta app_label = opts.app_label request.current_app = self.admin_site.name context.update( to_field_var=TO_FIELD_VAR, is_popup_var=IS_POPUP_VAR, media=self.media, ) return TemplateResponse( request, self.delete_confirmation_template or [ "admin/{}/{}/delete_confirmation.html".format(app_label, opts.model_name), "admin/{}/delete_confirmation.html".format(app_label), "admin/delete_confirmation.html", ], context, ) def get_inline_formsets(self, request, formsets, inline_instances, obj=None): inline_admin_formsets = [] for inline, formset in zip(inline_instances, formsets): fieldsets = list(inline.get_fieldsets(request, obj)) readonly = list(inline.get_readonly_fields(request, obj)) prepopulated = dict(inline.get_prepopulated_fields(request, obj)) inline_admin_formset = helpers.InlineAdminFormSet( inline, formset, fieldsets, prepopulated, readonly, model_admin=self, ) inline_admin_formsets.append(inline_admin_formset) return inline_admin_formsets def get_changeform_initial_data(self, request): """ Get the initial form data. Unless overridden, this populates from the GET params. """ initial = dict(request.GET.items()) for k in initial: try: f = self.model._meta.get_field(k) except FieldDoesNotExist: continue # We have to special-case M2Ms as a list of comma-separated PKs. if isinstance(f, models.ManyToManyField): initial[k] = initial[k].split(",") return initial def _get_obj_does_not_exist_redirect(self, request, opts, object_id): """ Create a message informing the user that the object doesn't exist and return a redirect to the admin index page. """ msg = _("""%(name)s with ID "%(key)s" doesn't exist. Perhaps it was deleted?""") % { 'name': force_text(opts.verbose_name), 'key': unquote(object_id), } self.message_user(request, msg, messages.WARNING) url = reverse('admin:index', current_app=self.admin_site.name) return HttpResponseRedirect(url) @csrf_protect_m def changeform_view(self, request, object_id=None, form_url='', extra_context=None): with transaction.atomic(using=router.db_for_write(self.model)): return self._changeform_view(request, object_id, form_url, extra_context) def _changeform_view(self, request, object_id, form_url, extra_context): to_field = request.POST.get(TO_FIELD_VAR, request.GET.get(TO_FIELD_VAR)) if to_field and not self.to_field_allowed(request, to_field): raise DisallowedModelAdminToField("The field %s cannot be referenced." % to_field) model = self.model opts = model._meta if request.method == 'POST' and '_saveasnew' in request.POST: object_id = None add = object_id is None if add: if not self.has_add_permission(request): raise PermissionDenied obj = None else: obj = self.get_object(request, unquote(object_id), to_field) if not self.has_change_permission(request, obj): raise PermissionDenied if obj is None: return self._get_obj_does_not_exist_redirect(request, opts, object_id) ModelForm = self.get_form(request, obj) if request.method == 'POST': form = ModelForm(request.POST, request.FILES, instance=obj) if form.is_valid(): form_validated = True new_object = self.save_form(request, form, change=not add) else: form_validated = False new_object = form.instance formsets, inline_instances = self._create_formsets(request, new_object, change=not add) if all_valid(formsets) and form_validated: self.save_model(request, new_object, form, not add) self.save_related(request, form, formsets, not add) change_message = self.construct_change_message(request, form, formsets, add) if add: self.log_addition(request, new_object, change_message) return self.response_add(request, new_object) else: self.log_change(request, new_object, change_message) return self.response_change(request, new_object) else: form_validated = False else: if add: initial = self.get_changeform_initial_data(request) form = ModelForm(initial=initial) formsets, inline_instances = self._create_formsets(request, form.instance, change=False) else: form = ModelForm(instance=obj) formsets, inline_instances = self._create_formsets(request, obj, change=True) adminForm = helpers.AdminForm( form, list(self.get_fieldsets(request, obj)), self.get_prepopulated_fields(request, obj), self.get_readonly_fields(request, obj), model_admin=self) media = self.media + adminForm.media inline_formsets = self.get_inline_formsets(request, formsets, inline_instances, obj) for inline_formset in inline_formsets: media = media + inline_formset.media context = dict( self.admin_site.each_context(request), title=(_('Add %s') if add else _('Change %s')) % force_text(opts.verbose_name), adminform=adminForm, object_id=object_id, original=obj, is_popup=(IS_POPUP_VAR in request.POST or IS_POPUP_VAR in request.GET), to_field=to_field, media=media, inline_admin_formsets=inline_formsets, errors=helpers.AdminErrorList(form, formsets), preserved_filters=self.get_preserved_filters(request), ) # Hide the "Save" and "Save and continue" buttons if "Save as New" was # previously chosen to prevent the interface from getting confusing. if request.method == 'POST' and not form_validated and "_saveasnew" in request.POST: context['show_save'] = False context['show_save_and_continue'] = False # Use the change template instead of the add template. add = False context.update(extra_context or {}) return self.render_change_form(request, context, add=add, change=not add, obj=obj, form_url=form_url) def add_view(self, request, form_url='', extra_context=None): return self.changeform_view(request, None, form_url, extra_context) def change_view(self, request, object_id, form_url='', extra_context=None): return self.changeform_view(request, object_id, form_url, extra_context) @csrf_protect_m def changelist_view(self, request, extra_context=None): """ The 'change list' admin view for this model. """ from django.contrib.admin.views.main import ERROR_FLAG opts = self.model._meta app_label = opts.app_label if not self.has_change_permission(request, None): raise PermissionDenied list_display = self.get_list_display(request) list_display_links = self.get_list_display_links(request, list_display) list_filter = self.get_list_filter(request) search_fields = self.get_search_fields(request) list_select_related = self.get_list_select_related(request) # Check actions to see if any are available on this changelist actions = self.get_actions(request) if actions: # Add the action checkboxes if there are any actions available. list_display = ['action_checkbox'] + list(list_display) ChangeList = self.get_changelist(request) try: cl = ChangeList( request, self.model, list_display, list_display_links, list_filter, self.date_hierarchy, search_fields, list_select_related, self.list_per_page, self.list_max_show_all, self.list_editable, self, ) except IncorrectLookupParameters: # Wacky lookup parameters were given, so redirect to the main # changelist page, without parameters, and pass an 'invalid=1' # parameter via the query string. If wacky parameters were given # and the 'invalid=1' parameter was already in the query string, # something is screwed up with the database, so display an error # page. if ERROR_FLAG in request.GET.keys(): return SimpleTemplateResponse('admin/invalid_setup.html', { 'title': _('Database error'), }) return HttpResponseRedirect(request.path + '?' + ERROR_FLAG + '=1') # If the request was POSTed, this might be a bulk action or a bulk # edit. Try to look up an action or confirmation first, but if this # isn't an action the POST will fall through to the bulk edit check, # below. action_failed = False selected = request.POST.getlist(helpers.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME) # Actions with no confirmation if (actions and request.method == 'POST' and 'index' in request.POST and '_save' not in request.POST): if selected: response = self.response_action(request, queryset=cl.get_queryset(request)) if response: return response else: action_failed = True else: msg = _("Items must be selected in order to perform " "actions on them. No items have been changed.") self.message_user(request, msg, messages.WARNING) action_failed = True # Actions with confirmation if (actions and request.method == 'POST' and helpers.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME in request.POST and 'index' not in request.POST and '_save' not in request.POST): if selected: response = self.response_action(request, queryset=cl.get_queryset(request)) if response: return response else: action_failed = True if action_failed: # Redirect back to the changelist page to avoid resubmitting the # form if the user refreshes the browser or uses the "No, take # me back" button on the action confirmation page. return HttpResponseRedirect(request.get_full_path()) # If we're allowing changelist editing, we need to construct a formset # for the changelist given all the fields to be edited. Then we'll # use the formset to validate/process POSTed data. formset = cl.formset = None # Handle POSTed bulk-edit data. if request.method == 'POST' and cl.list_editable and '_save' in request.POST: FormSet = self.get_changelist_formset(request) formset = cl.formset = FormSet(request.POST, request.FILES, queryset=self.get_queryset(request)) if formset.is_valid(): changecount = 0 for form in formset.forms: if form.has_changed(): obj = self.save_form(request, form, change=True) self.save_model(request, obj, form, change=True) self.save_related(request, form, formsets=[], change=True) change_msg = self.construct_change_message(request, form, None) self.log_change(request, obj, change_msg) changecount += 1 if changecount: if changecount == 1: name = force_text(opts.verbose_name) else: name = force_text(opts.verbose_name_plural) msg = ungettext( "%(count)s %(name)s was changed successfully.", "%(count)s %(name)s were changed successfully.", changecount ) % { 'count': changecount, 'name': name, 'obj': force_text(obj), } self.message_user(request, msg, messages.SUCCESS) return HttpResponseRedirect(request.get_full_path()) # Handle GET -- construct a formset for display. elif cl.list_editable: FormSet = self.get_changelist_formset(request) formset = cl.formset = FormSet(queryset=cl.result_list) # Build the list of media to be used by the formset. if formset: media = self.media + formset.media else: media = self.media # Build the action form and populate it with available actions. if actions: action_form = self.action_form(auto_id=None) action_form.fields['action'].choices = self.get_action_choices(request) media += action_form.media else: action_form = None selection_note_all = ungettext( '%(total_count)s selected', 'All %(total_count)s selected', cl.result_count ) context = dict( self.admin_site.each_context(request), module_name=force_text(opts.verbose_name_plural), selection_note=_('0 of %(cnt)s selected') % {'cnt': len(cl.result_list)}, selection_note_all=selection_note_all % {'total_count': cl.result_count}, title=cl.title, is_popup=cl.is_popup, to_field=cl.to_field, cl=cl, media=media, has_add_permission=self.has_add_permission(request), opts=cl.opts, action_form=action_form, actions_on_top=self.actions_on_top, actions_on_bottom=self.actions_on_bottom, actions_selection_counter=self.actions_selection_counter, preserved_filters=self.get_preserved_filters(request), ) context.update(extra_context or {}) request.current_app = self.admin_site.name return TemplateResponse(request, self.change_list_template or [ 'admin/%s/%s/change_list.html' % (app_label, opts.model_name), 'admin/%s/change_list.html' % app_label, 'admin/change_list.html' ], context) @csrf_protect_m def delete_view(self, request, object_id, extra_context=None): with transaction.atomic(using=router.db_for_write(self.model)): return self._delete_view(request, object_id, extra_context) def _delete_view(self, request, object_id, extra_context): "The 'delete' admin view for this model." opts = self.model._meta app_label = opts.app_label to_field = request.POST.get(TO_FIELD_VAR, request.GET.get(TO_FIELD_VAR)) if to_field and not self.to_field_allowed(request, to_field): raise DisallowedModelAdminToField("The field %s cannot be referenced." % to_field) obj = self.get_object(request, unquote(object_id), to_field) if not self.has_delete_permission(request, obj): raise PermissionDenied if obj is None: return self._get_obj_does_not_exist_redirect(request, opts, object_id) using = router.db_for_write(self.model) # Populate deleted_objects, a data structure of all related objects that # will also be deleted. (deleted_objects, model_count, perms_needed, protected) = get_deleted_objects( [obj], opts, request.user, self.admin_site, using) if request.POST and not protected: # The user has confirmed the deletion. if perms_needed: raise PermissionDenied obj_display = force_text(obj) attr = str(to_field) if to_field else opts.pk.attname obj_id = obj.serializable_value(attr) self.log_deletion(request, obj, obj_display) self.delete_model(request, obj) return self.response_delete(request, obj_display, obj_id) object_name = force_text(opts.verbose_name) if perms_needed or protected: title = _("Cannot delete %(name)s") % {"name": object_name} else: title = _("Are you sure?") context = dict( self.admin_site.each_context(request), title=title, object_name=object_name, object=obj, deleted_objects=deleted_objects, model_count=dict(model_count).items(), perms_lacking=perms_needed, protected=protected, opts=opts, app_label=app_label, preserved_filters=self.get_preserved_filters(request), is_popup=(IS_POPUP_VAR in request.POST or IS_POPUP_VAR in request.GET), to_field=to_field, ) context.update(extra_context or {}) return self.render_delete_form(request, context) def history_view(self, request, object_id, extra_context=None): "The 'history' admin view for this model." from django.contrib.admin.models import LogEntry # First check if the user can see this history. model = self.model obj = self.get_object(request, unquote(object_id)) if obj is None: return self._get_obj_does_not_exist_redirect(request, model._meta, object_id) if not self.has_change_permission(request, obj): raise PermissionDenied # Then get the history for this object. opts = model._meta app_label = opts.app_label action_list = LogEntry.objects.filter( object_id=unquote(object_id), content_type=get_content_type_for_model(model) ).select_related().order_by('action_time') context = dict( self.admin_site.each_context(request), title=_('Change history: %s') % force_text(obj), action_list=action_list, module_name=capfirst(force_text(opts.verbose_name_plural)), object=obj, opts=opts, preserved_filters=self.get_preserved_filters(request), ) context.update(extra_context or {}) request.current_app = self.admin_site.name return TemplateResponse(request, self.object_history_template or [ "admin/%s/%s/object_history.html" % (app_label, opts.model_name), "admin/%s/object_history.html" % app_label, "admin/object_history.html" ], context) def _create_formsets(self, request, obj, change): "Helper function to generate formsets for add/change_view." formsets = [] inline_instances = [] prefixes = {} get_formsets_args = [request] if change: get_formsets_args.append(obj) for FormSet, inline in self.get_formsets_with_inlines(*get_formsets_args): prefix = FormSet.get_default_prefix() prefixes[prefix] = prefixes.get(prefix, 0) + 1 if prefixes[prefix] != 1 or not prefix: prefix = "%s-%s" % (prefix, prefixes[prefix]) formset_params = { 'instance': obj, 'prefix': prefix, 'queryset': inline.get_queryset(request), } if request.method == 'POST': formset_params.update({ 'data': request.POST.copy(), 'files': request.FILES, 'save_as_new': '_saveasnew' in request.POST }) formsets.append(FormSet(**formset_params)) inline_instances.append(inline) return formsets, inline_instances
固然不用看上面那麼多，咱們暫時只須要關注兩點便可
class ModelAdmin(BaseModelAdmin)： list_display = ('__str__',) list_display_links = () list_filter = () list_select_related = False search_fields = () # Actions actions = [] action_form = helpers.ActionForm actions_on_top = True actions_on_bottom = False actions_selection_counter = True checks_class = ModelAdminChecks #__init__也進行了簡化，不是原版 def __init__(self, model: self.model = model
這就是文章開頭說的提供的五種接口，當時咱們繼承的就是這個類，並對list_display屬性進行了修改，這點等會再說
注意一下這個類的__init__,它的參數是model，等會會用到這個點
至於self._registry就簡單了，它只是AdminSite類的一個字典而已
如今咱們再去看看上面的代碼：
def register(self, model, admin_class=None, **options): if not admin_class: admin_class = ModelAdmin self._registry[model] = admin_class(model)
當admin_class爲空的時候，默認admin_class是ModelAdmin類，注意這裏是沒有括號的
同時爲本身的_registry字典中添加數據，model是表名。 admin_class(model)是實例化對象，admin_class是一個類，它的參數上面說了是一個model類
當admin_class不爲空的時候，傳進來的admin_class也是繼承了ModleAdmin類，只是改了像list_display這樣的參數而已
因此register這個函數的做用就是把表傳入本身的_registry中
那麼咱們如今爲了路由分發就須要寫一個相似ModelAdmin的類和一個register函數
這樣就能夠實現模型表的註冊了
如今實現路由分發：
註冊了的表都已經存進了self._registry中
#測試函數 def test(request): return HttpResponse('測試') def get_urls(self): tem=[] for model_class,conf_obj in self._registery.items(): #獲取app名字，不一樣app之間表可能重名 app_label=model_class._meta.app_label #獲取表的名字 model_name=model_class._meta.model_name tem.append( url(r'^%s/%s/'%(app_label, model_name),test) ) return tem
運行Django，
至此咱們就實現了路由分發，這個時候只要在stark.py的文件中進行了表的註冊，那麼就會自動建立路由
3.模型表數據展現:
路由分發實現了，那麼怎麼展現表中的數據呢，首先在前端數據不能寫死，每一個表的數據都不同，先看看admin是怎麼實現的吧
admin展現的表頭是表名的大寫，表體是一個個對象
加了list_display以後：
因此數據展現主要是從list_display入手
在源碼中，咱們知道了默認的list_display=['__str__',],不加修飾的狀況下，就是隻展現model的__str__，list_display除了默認的__str__其他就是人爲添加的表的字段了，因此咱們經過list_display獲取表的字段
def list_views(self,request): head_list=[]#定義一個空列表用於存儲表頭 for header in self.list_display: if header=='__str__':#若是是__str__就把表名大寫 var=self.model._meta.model_name.upper() else: #獲取註釋名稱，沒有的註釋，獲取字段名 var=self.model._meta.get_field(header).verbose_name head_list.append(var) queryset=self.model.objects.all() body_list=[] for i in queryset:#i至關於表的一行 tem=[] for k in self.list_display:#k是字段名 var=getattr(i,k)#var是在一行中，經過k字段名獲取到ed數據 tem.append(var) body_list.append(tem) #結束的時候，body_list的結構應該是[[],[],[],] return render(request,'list_views.html',locals())
編寫前端代碼
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-striped"> <thead> <tr> {% for foo in head_list %} <td>{{ foo }}</td> {% endfor %} </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for body in body_list %} <tr> {% for foo in body %} <td>{{ foo }}</td> {% endfor %} </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table>
實現效果：
這樣的效果不是最終效果
咱們能夠在list_display中添加字段，那麼咱們能不能添加函數？
固然能夠，添加函數以後，咱們就能夠實現各類效果，以下圖：
很簡單，只須要在循環display_list的時候，判斷是不是str類便可
一個簡單的編輯函數：
def edit_col(self,is_header=False): if is_header: return '編輯' return mark_safe('<a href="#">編輯</a>')
當不是表頭的時候，返回一個a標籤（經過mark_safe）實現，當是表頭的時候，返回一個字符串
循環的時候，加上isinstance判斷一下便可if isinstance(header,str):，若是是函數 var=header(self,is_header=True)，（這是表頭數據）
至此數據展現完成
未完待續...
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