聊聊hikari與tomcat jdbc pool的fail fast
序
本文主要研究在中途數據庫掛的狀況下，hikari與tomcat jdbc pool的fail fast狀況。java
實驗代碼
@Test
public void testDatabaseDownAndUp() throws SQLException, InterruptedException {
LOGGER.info("begin to wait for database down and up");
for(int c=0;c<10;c++){
LOGGER.info("execute:"+(c+1));
Connection conn = null;
String sql = "select 1";
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
conn = dataSource.getConnection();
LOGGER.info("{} got connection,cost:{}",(c+1),System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
pstmt = (PreparedStatement)conn.prepareStatement(sql);
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
int col = rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount();
while (rs.next()) {
for (int i = 1; i <= col; i++) {
System.out.print(rs.getObject(i));
}
System.out.println("");
}
LOGGER.info("============================");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//close resources
DbUtils.closeQuietly(pstmt);
DbUtils.closeQuietly(conn);
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
}
}
複製代碼
在第一次循環輸出以後斷開數據庫鏈接，等個二三十秒再恢復。c++
hikari
2018-01-30 15:35:16.668 INFO 5852 --- [ main] c.e.demo.HikariDemoApplicationTests : execute:1
2018-01-30 15:35:26.854 INFO 5852 --- [ main] c.e.demo.HikariDemoApplicationTests : execute:2
2018-01-30 15:36:06.867 INFO 5852 --- [ main] c.e.demo.HikariDemoApplicationTests : execute:3
2018-01-30 15:36:46.878 INFO 5852 --- [ main] c.e.demo.HikariDemoApplicationTests : execute:4
複製代碼
從這點來看，中途數據庫斷開的話，hikari會不斷獲取數據庫連接spring
假設數據庫一直沒恢復，那麼因此請求數據庫操做的業務線程將都阻塞connectionTimeout的時間，這個會佔用工做線程sql
hikari只有testOnBorrow功能，是直接一個while循環，在timeout時間內不斷borrow鏈接，validate鏈接，validate成功才返回或者超時拋出SQLTransientConnectionException異常。borrow的超時時間爲connectionTimeout，默認30秒。數據庫
validate不成功日誌記錄的異常
2018-01-31 16:45:00.653 WARN 6501 --- [ main] org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection : Validating connection.
org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: FATAL: terminating connection due to administrator command
at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.receiveErrorResponse(QueryExecutorImpl.java:2422) ~[postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.processResults(QueryExecutorImpl.java:2167) ~[postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.execute(QueryExecutorImpl.java:306) ~[postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgStatement.executeInternal(PgStatement.java:441) ~[postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgStatement.execute(PgStatement.java:365) ~[postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgPreparedStatement.executeWithFlags(PgPreparedStatement.java:155) ~[postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgPreparedStatement.executeUpdate(PgPreparedStatement.java:132) ~[postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.isValid(PgConnection.java:1364) ~[postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.isConnectionAlive(PoolBase.java:160) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.getConnection(HikariPool.java:171) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.getConnection(HikariPool.java:147) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.getConnection(HikariDataSource.java:123) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at com.example.demo.HikariDemoApplicationTests.testDatabaseDownAndUp(HikariDemoApplicationTests.java:109) [test-classes/:na]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.java:73) [spring-test-5.0.3.RELEASE.jar:5.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.java:83) [spring-test-5.0.3.RELEASE.jar:5.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75) [spring-test-5.0.3.RELEASE.jar:5.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86) [spring-test-5.0.3.RELEASE.jar:5.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84) [spring-test-5.0.3.RELEASE.jar:5.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:251) [spring-test-5.0.3.RELEASE.jar:5.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) [spring-test-5.0.3.RELEASE.jar:5.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) [spring-test-5.0.3.RELEASE.jar:5.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) [spring-test-5.0.3.RELEASE.jar:5.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190) [spring-test-5.0.3.RELEASE.jar:5.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69) [junit-rt.jar:na]
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:234) [junit-rt.jar:na]
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:74) [junit-rt.jar:na]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144) [idea_rt.jar:na]
複製代碼
假設在測試以前新創建好maxPoolSize的鏈接，那麼執行以後中斷數據庫，則下一次的getConnection會挨個取出這些空閒鏈接，validate，validate失敗會在log裏頭記錄異常，同時getConnection繼續循環獲取鏈接apache
getConnection timeout拋出的異常
java.sql.SQLTransientConnectionException: demo1 - Connection is not available, request timed out after 60007ms.
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createTimeoutException(HikariPool.java:666)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.getConnection(HikariPool.java:182)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.getConnection(HikariPool.java:147)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.getConnection(HikariDataSource.java:123)
at com.example.demo.HikariDemoApplicationTests.testDatabaseDownAndUp(HikariDemoApplicationTests.java:98)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.java:73)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:251)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:234)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:74)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)
Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: Connection to 192.168.99.100:5432 refused. Check that the hostname and port are correct and that the postmaster is accepting TCP/IP connections.
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:247)
at org.postgresql.core.ConnectionFactory.openConnection(ConnectionFactory.java:49)
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.<init>(PgConnection.java:195)
at org.postgresql.Driver.makeConnection(Driver.java:452)
at org.postgresql.Driver.connect(Driver.java:254)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:117)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:123)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:375)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:204)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:459)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.access$200(HikariPool.java:70)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool$PoolEntryCreator.call(HikariPool.java:696)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool$PoolEntryCreator.call(HikariPool.java:682)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:350)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:206)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:188)
at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:589)
at org.postgresql.core.PGStream.<init>(PGStream.java:69)
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:158)
... 16 more
複製代碼
循環獲取鏈接超時，則拋出SQLTransientConnectionExceptiontomcat
異步線程PoolEntryCreator補充新鏈接在日誌記錄的異常
2018-01-31 16:45:00.915 WARN 6501 --- [onnection adder] unknown.jul.logger : ConnectException occurred while connecting to 192.168.99.100:5432
java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:350) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:206) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:188) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:589) ~[na:1.8.0_71]
at org.postgresql.core.PGStream.<init>(PGStream.java:69) ~[postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:158) ~[postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.core.ConnectionFactory.openConnection(ConnectionFactory.java:49) [postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.<init>(PgConnection.java:195) [postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.Driver.makeConnection(Driver.java:452) [postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at org.postgresql.Driver.connect(Driver.java:254) [postgresql-42.2.1.jar:42.2.1]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:117) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:123) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:375) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:204) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:459) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.access$200(HikariPool.java:70) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool$PoolEntryCreator.call(HikariPool.java:696) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool$PoolEntryCreator.call(HikariPool.java:682) [HikariCP-2.7.6.jar:na]
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) [na:1.8.0_71]
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) [na:1.8.0_71]
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) [na:1.8.0_71]
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) [na:1.8.0_71]
複製代碼
獲取鏈接的源碼
HikariCP-2.7.6-sources.jar!/com/zaxxer/hikari/pool/HikariPool.javabash
/**
* Get a connection from the pool, or timeout after the specified number of milliseconds.
*
* @param hardTimeout the maximum time to wait for a connection from the pool
* @return a java.sql.Connection instance
* @throws SQLException thrown if a timeout occurs trying to obtain a connection
*/
public Connection getConnection(final long hardTimeout) throws SQLException
{
suspendResumeLock.acquire();
final long startTime = currentTime();
try {
long timeout = hardTimeout;
do {
PoolEntry poolEntry = connectionBag.borrow(timeout, MILLISECONDS);
if (poolEntry == null) {
break; // We timed out... break and throw exception
}
final long now = currentTime();
if (poolEntry.isMarkedEvicted() || (elapsedMillis(poolEntry.lastAccessed, now) > ALIVE_BYPASS_WINDOW_MS && !isConnectionAlive(poolEntry.connection))) {
closeConnection(poolEntry, poolEntry.isMarkedEvicted() ? EVICTED_CONNECTION_MESSAGE : DEAD_CONNECTION_MESSAGE);
timeout = hardTimeout - elapsedMillis(startTime);
}
else {
metricsTracker.recordBorrowStats(poolEntry, startTime);
return poolEntry.createProxyConnection(leakTaskFactory.schedule(poolEntry), now);
}
} while (timeout > 0L);
metricsTracker.recordBorrowTimeoutStats(startTime);
throw createTimeoutException(startTime);
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
throw new SQLException(poolName + " - Interrupted during connection acquisition", e);
}
finally {
suspendResumeLock.release();
}
}
複製代碼
tomcat
2018-01-30 15:39:23.913 INFO 5894 --- [ main] com.example.JpaDemoApplicationTests : execute:1
2018-01-30 15:39:33.939 INFO 5894 --- [ main] com.example.JpaDemoApplicationTests : execute:2
2018-01-30 15:39:43.949 INFO 5894 --- [ main] com.example.JpaDemoApplicationTests : execute:3
2018-01-30 15:39:53.955 INFO 5894 --- [ main] com.example.JpaDemoApplicationTests : execute:4
2018-01-30 15:40:03.962 INFO 5894 --- [ main] com.example.JpaDemoApplicationTests : execute:5
2018-01-30 15:40:13.968 INFO 5894 --- [ main] com.example.JpaDemoApplicationTests : execute:6
複製代碼
tomcat jdbc pool有testOnBorrow,testOnReturn,testOnConnect,testWhileIdle屬性來配置何時檢測鏈接，若是是testOnBorrow的話，有空閒鏈接則進行borrow同時進行validate，若是上一次validate的時間在validation interval內，則默認validate成功，不然進行validate，validate失敗會進行reconnect，再validate，若是再失敗則拋出new SQLException("Failed to validate a newly established connection.")。若是沒有空閒鏈接，且鏈接池沒滿就建立一個新的；若是沒有空閒鏈接且鏈接池滿了，則while輪詢空閒隊列，若是沒取到鏈接，若沒超過maxWait則繼續，超過則拋出PoolExhaustedException。若是沒有空閒鏈接，且鏈接池滿了，則borrow超時時間爲maxWait默認30秒。app
這個示例程序，每次循環都會先歸還鏈接再sleep，所以鏈接池始終有空閒鏈接，只是testOnBorrow校驗不成功，進行了reconnect，在reconnect拋出了異常異步
reconnect拋出的異常
org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: Connection to 192.168.99.100:5432 refused. Check that the hostname and port are correct and that the postmaster is accepting TCP/IP connections.
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:262)
at org.postgresql.core.ConnectionFactory.openConnection(ConnectionFactory.java:51)
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.<init>(PgConnection.java:215)
at org.postgresql.Driver.makeConnection(Driver.java:404)
at org.postgresql.Driver.connect(Driver.java:272)
at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.PooledConnection.connectUsingDriver(PooledConnection.java:310)
at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.PooledConnection.connect(PooledConnection.java:203)
at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.PooledConnection.reconnect(PooledConnection.java:361)
at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.ConnectionPool.borrowConnection(ConnectionPool.java:821)
at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.ConnectionPool.borrowConnection(ConnectionPool.java:651)
at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.ConnectionPool.getConnection(ConnectionPool.java:198)
at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceProxy.getConnection(DataSourceProxy.java:132)
at com.example.JpaDemoApplicationTests.testDatabaseDownAndUp(JpaDemoApplicationTests.java:296)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:252)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:234)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:74)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:350)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:206)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:188)
at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:589)
at org.postgresql.core.PGStream.<init>(PGStream.java:61)
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:144)
... 44 more
複製代碼
獲取鏈接的源碼
tomcat-jdbc-8.5.23-sources.jar!/org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/ConnectionPool.java
/**
* Thread safe way to retrieve a connection from the pool
* @param wait - time to wait, overrides the maxWait from the properties,
* set to -1 if you wish to use maxWait, 0 if you wish no wait time.
* @param username The user name to use for the connection
* @param password The password for the connection
* @return a connection
* @throws SQLException Failed to get a connection
*/
private PooledConnection borrowConnection(int wait, String username, String password) throws SQLException {
if (isClosed()) {
throw new SQLException("Connection pool closed.");
} //end if
//get the current time stamp
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
//see if there is one available immediately
PooledConnection con = idle.poll();
while (true) {
if (con!=null) {
//configure the connection and return it
PooledConnection result = borrowConnection(now, con, username, password);
borrowedCount.incrementAndGet();
if (result!=null) return result;
}
//if we get here, see if we need to create one
//this is not 100% accurate since it doesn't use a shared //atomic variable - a connection can become idle while we are creating //a new connection if (size.get() < getPoolProperties().getMaxActive()) { //atomic duplicate check if (size.addAndGet(1) > getPoolProperties().getMaxActive()) { //if we got here, two threads passed through the first if size.decrementAndGet(); } else { //create a connection, we're below the limit
return createConnection(now, con, username, password);
}
} //end if
//calculate wait time for this iteration
long maxWait = wait;
//if the passed in wait time is -1, means we should use the pool property value
if (wait==-1) {
maxWait = (getPoolProperties().getMaxWait()<=0)?Long.MAX_VALUE:getPoolProperties().getMaxWait();
}
long timetowait = Math.max(0, maxWait - (System.currentTimeMillis() - now));
waitcount.incrementAndGet();
try {
//retrieve an existing connection
con = idle.poll(timetowait, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
if (getPoolProperties().getPropagateInterruptState()) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
SQLException sx = new SQLException("Pool wait interrupted.");
sx.initCause(ex);
throw sx;
} finally {
waitcount.decrementAndGet();
}
if (maxWait==0 && con == null) { //no wait, return one if we have one
if (jmxPool!=null) {
jmxPool.notify(org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.jmx.ConnectionPool.POOL_EMPTY, "Pool empty - no wait.");
}
throw new PoolExhaustedException("[" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"] " +
"NoWait: Pool empty. Unable to fetch a connection, none available["+busy.size()+" in use].");
}
//we didn't get a connection, lets see if we timed out if (con == null) { if ((System.currentTimeMillis() - now) >= maxWait) { if (jmxPool!=null) { jmxPool.notify(org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.jmx.ConnectionPool.POOL_EMPTY, "Pool empty - timeout."); } throw new PoolExhaustedException("[" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"] " + "Timeout: Pool empty. Unable to fetch a connection in " + (maxWait / 1000) + " seconds, none available[size:"+size.get() +"; busy:"+busy.size()+"; idle:"+idle.size()+"; lastwait:"+timetowait+"]."); } else { //no timeout, lets try again continue; } } } //while } 複製代碼
小結
若是是沒有空閒鏈接且鏈接池滿不能新建鏈接的狀況下
- hikari則是阻塞connectionTimeout的時間，沒有獲得鏈接拋出SQLTransientConnectionException
- tomcat jdbc pool會阻塞max-wait時間，若沒有獲得鏈接則拋出PoolExhaustedException
若是是有空閒鏈接的狀況
- hikari是在connectionTimeout時間內不斷循環獲取下一個空閒鏈接進行校驗，校驗失敗繼續獲取下一個空閒鏈接，直到超時拋出SQLTransientConnectionException
- tomcat jdbc pool會borrow鏈接而後validate鏈接，正常validate失敗會reconnect，再validate，若此時reconnect不成功則拋出ConnectException: Connection refused，若是reconnect成功可是validate失敗，則拋出SQLException("Failed to validate a newly established connection.")
假設數據庫是掛的，但還有空閒鏈接，tomcat的testOnBorrow=true。對比能夠發現
hikari在獲取一個鏈接的時候，會在connectionTimeout時間內循環把空閒鏈接挨個validate一次，最後timeout拋出異常；以後的獲取鏈接操做，則一直阻塞connectionTimeout時間再拋出異常
tomcat jdbc pool則是在獲取一個鏈接的時候，先borrow出來鏈接，正常validate失敗會reconnect，再validate，一般reconnect的時候拋出了ConnectException: Connection refused，而後業務程序會fail fast，以後的獲取鏈接也都是fail fast的
因而可知，hikari若是connectionTimeout若是設置太大的話，在數據庫掛的時候，很容易阻塞業務線程，而tomcat jdbc pool則會fail fast。
另外hikari是異步去創建minIdle大小的鏈接，而tomcat是同步的創建initial-size的鏈接。
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相關文章
- 1. [case5]聊聊hikari與tomcat jdbc pool的fail fast
- 2. 聊聊hikari鏈接池的fixed pool design
- 3. 聊聊tomcat jdbc pool的默認參數及poolSweeper
- 4. 聊聊spring boot tomcat jdbc pool的屬性綁定
- 5. 聊聊hikari鏈接池的leakDetectionThreshold
- 6. 聊聊hikari鏈接池的validationTimeout
- 7. 聊聊hikari鏈接池的isAllowPoolSuspension
- 8. fail-fast 與 fail-safe
- 9. 聊聊nginx與tomcat的5xx
- 10. 聊聊hikari鏈接池的idleTimeout及minimumIdle屬性