Struts2 校驗框架學習筆記

truts2 校驗框架

Struts2 Struts1一樣也提供了校驗框架,但在Struts2 已經再也不把校驗框架作爲一個插件,而是已經內置到了Struts2,並且配置起來更爲簡單方便,功能也更強大。 javascript

下面以一個例子來講明Struts2校驗框架的使用。 css

1myeclipse 中建立一個web工程,在src目錄下建立struts.xml 配置文件,添加好xml標頭,配置web.xml文件。 html

1-1.瞭解一下我作的簡單例子需求,實現一個用戶註冊的功能,用戶信息包括用戶名,密碼,確認密碼,年齡,出生日期,畢業日期等信息。在註冊過程須要提供如下校驗規則: java

         [1] 用戶必填,長度在6-10之間 web

         [2] 密碼和確認密碼必填,兩次輸入密碼要一致長度,在6-10之間 express

         [3] 年齡必須是數字 界於1-150之間 服務器

         [4] 出生日期和畢業日期必填,且出生日期必須早於畢業日期 框架

要求:使用struts2 提供的xml配置方式進行校驗。 eclipse

1-2.首先建立一個register.jsp 頁面,代碼以下: jsp

<%@ page language="java"  pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

  <head>

    <title>register page</title>

    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">

    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">

    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">   

    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">

    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">

    <SCRIPT type="text/javascript">

        function validate(){

            var usernameValue=document.getElementById("username").value;

            var passwordValue=document.getElementById("password").value;

            var repasswordValue=document.getElementById("repassword").value;

            if(usernameValue.length==0){

                alert("username should not be blank!");

                return false;

            }else if(usernameValue.length<6 || usernameValue.length>10){

                alert("username should be between 6 and 10 !");

                return false;

            }

            return true;

        }

    </SCRIPT>

  </head>

  <body>

    <s:fielderror cssStyle="color:red;"/>

    <s:form action="register2" theme="simple">

    <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">

        <tr>

            <td>username</td>

            <td><s:textfield name="username"  label="usernmae" id="username"/></td>

        </tr>

        <tr>

            <td>password</td>

            <td><s:password name="password" label="password" id="password"/></td>

        </tr>

        <tr>

            <td>repassword</td>

            <td><s:password name="repassword" label="repassword" /></td>

        </tr>

        <tr>

            <td>age</td>

            <td><s:textfield  name="age" label="age"/></td>

        </tr>

        <tr>

            <td>birthday</td>

            <td><s:textfield name="birthday" label="birthday"/></td>

        </tr>

        <tr>

            <td>graduation</td>

            <td><s:textfield name="graduation" label="graduation"/></td>

        </tr>

        <tr>

            <td>&nbsp;</td>

            <td><s:submit /></td>

        </tr>

    </table>

    </s:form>

  </body>

</html>



顯示以下:

1-3.建立RegisterAction 代碼以下:

package com.snt.struts2.action;

import java.util.Calendar;

import java.util.Date;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    private String repassword;

    private int age;

    private Date birthday;

    private Date graduation;

    public int getAge() {

        return age;

    }

    public void setAge(int age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

    public Date getBirthday() {

        return birthday;

    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {

        this.birthday = birthday;

    }

   

    public Date getGraduation() {

        return graduation;

    }

    public void setGraduation(Date graduation) {

        this.graduation = graduation;

    }

    public String getPassword() {

        return password;

    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {

        this.password = password;

    }

    public String getRepassword() {

        return repassword;

    }

    public void setRepassword(String repassword) {

        this.repassword = repassword;

    }

    public String getUsername() {

        return username;

    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {

        this.username = username;

    }

   

    public String execute() throws Exception {

        return SUCCESS;

    }

   

    /**

     * 註冊1方法

     * @return

     * @throws Exception

     */

    public String register1() throws Exception {

        return SUCCESS;

    }

    public String abc()throws Exception{

        System.out.println("abc method invoke!");

        return SUCCESS;

    }

    public String xyz()throws Exception{

        System.out.println("abc method invoke!");

        return SUCCESS;

    }

    public void validateAbc(){

        System.out.println("valide abc()");

    }

    public void validateXyz(){

        System.out.println("valide xyz()");

    }

    /***

     * 當遇到類型轉化時,struts2自動生成一條錯誤信息,放到

     * fielderrors 中

     */

    public void validateExecute() {

        //當用戶直接訪問action時,action的屬性都是null

        //防止NullPointException

        System.out.println("validate()...........");

       

        if(null==username || username.length()<6 || username.length()>10){

            this.addActionError("username invalid!");

        }

        if(null==password ||  password.length()<6 || password.length()>10){

            this.addActionError("password is invalid!");

        }else if(null==repassword ||  repassword.length()<6 || repassword.length()>10){

            this.addActionError("password is invalid!");

        }else if(!password.equals(repassword)){

            this.addActionError( "tow password is not be same!");

        }

       

        if(age<=0 || age>150){

            System.out.println("ERROR");

            this.addActionError( "age is invalid!");

        }

        if(null!=birthday && null!=graduation){

            Calendar c1=Calendar.getInstance();

            c1.setTime(birthday);

            Calendar c2=Calendar.getInstance();

            c2.setTime(graduation);

            if(!c1.before(c2)){

                this.addActionError("birthday shoud before graduation!");

            }

        }

    }

   

    public void validateRegister1() {

        //當用戶直接訪問action時,action的屬性都是null

        //防止NullPointException

        System.out.println("validate()...........");       

        System.out.println("validate()...........");

        if(null==username || username.length()<6 || username.length()>10){

            this.addFieldError("username", "username is invalid");

        }

        if(null==password ||  password.length()<6 || password.length()>10){

            this.addFieldError("password", "password is invalid!");

        }else if(null==repassword ||  repassword.length()<6 || repassword.length()>10){

            this.addFieldError("password", "password is invalid!");

        }else if(!password.equals(repassword)){

            this.addFieldError("password", "tow password is not be same!");

        }

       

        if(age<0 || age>150){

            this.addFieldError("age", "age is invalid!");

        }

       

       

        if(null==birthday){

            this.addFieldError("birthday", "birthday invalid!");

        }

        if(null==graduation){

            this.addFieldError("graduation", "graduation  invalid!");

        }

        if(null!=birthday && null!=graduation){

            Calendar c1=Calendar.getInstance();

            c1.setTime(birthday);

            Calendar c2=Calendar.getInstance();

            c2.setTime(graduation);

            if(!c1.before(c2)){

                this.addFieldError("birthday","birthday shoud before graduation!");

            }

        }

    }

}

1-4.採用Struts2的檢驗框架須要建立一個配置文件,規則以下,咱們須要在與全部要進行校驗的Action同級別目錄下建立一個xml文件,命名必須遵照規則:Action-validation.xml 文件,對於這個例子就是:RegisterAction-validation.xml 作爲校驗的配置文件,下面我建立這個文件:代碼以下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC

        "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"

        "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">

<validators>

    <field name="username">

        <field-validator type="requiredstring" short-circuit="false">

            <param name="trim">true</param>

            <message>username shoudld not be blank!</message>

        </field-validator>

        <field-validator type="stringlength">

            <param name="minLength">6</param>

            <param name="maxLength">10</param>

            <message>username should be between ${minLength} and ${maxLength}</message>

        </field-validator>

    </field>

   

    <field name="password">

        <field-validator type="requiredstring">

            <message>password should not be balank!</message>

        </field-validator>

        <field-validator type="stringlength">

            <param name="minLength">6</param>

            <param name="maxLength">10</param>

            <message>password should be between ${minLength} and ${maxLength}</message>

        </field-validator>

    </field>

   

    <field name="repassword">

        <field-validator type="requiredstring">

            <message>repassword should not be balank!</message>

        </field-validator>

        <field-validator type="stringlength">

            <param name="minLength">6</param>

            <param name="maxLength">10</param>

            <message>repassword should be between ${minLength} and ${maxLength}</message>

        </field-validator>

    </field>

   

    <field name="repassword">

        <field-validator type="fieldexpression">

            <param name="expression"> <![CDATA[(password==repassword)]]>

            </param>

            <message>two password should be the same! </message>

        </field-validator>

    </field>

       

    <field name="age">

        <field-validator type="int">

            <param name="min">1</param>

            <param name="max">150</param>

            <message>age should be between ${min} and ${max}</message>

        </field-validator>

    </field>

   

    <field name="birthday">

        <field-validator type="required">

            <message>birthday should not be blank!</message>

        </field-validator>

        <field-validator type="date">

            <param name="min">2001-01-01</param>

            <param name="max">2004-01-01</param>

            <message>birthday should be between ${min} and ${max}</message>

        </field-validator>

    </field>

   

    <field name="graduation">

        <field-validator type="required">

            <message>graduation should not be blank!</message>

        </field-validator>

        <field-validator type="date">

            <param name="min">2005-01-01</param>

            <param name="max">2008-01-01</param>

            <message>birthday should be between ${min} and ${max}</message>

        </field-validator>

       

    </field>

</validators>

對於Struts2提供的校驗方式有兩種:1 字段校驗   2 非字段校驗

針對字段校驗就如上面xml文件所寫,是針對字段,字段中再配置各類校驗規則。而對於非字段指的是:先定義好校驗器,校驗器中再配置針對那個字段進行校驗。其實兩種校驗方式底層使用機制都是同樣。

好比上面針對用戶的校驗,以下定義:

<field name="username">

        <field-validator type="requiredstring" short-circuit="false">

            <param name="trim">true</param>

            <message>username shoudld not be blank!</message>

        </field-validator>

        <field-validator type="stringlength">

            <param name="minLength">6</param>

            <param name="maxLength">10</param>

            <message>username should be between ${minLength} and ${maxLength}</message>

        </field-validator>

    </field>



先用 <field> 標籤描述要校驗的字段,裏面定義校驗器 , 使用 <field-vaidator> 標籤,這個標籤中有個 type 屬性,這個屬性指是就是校驗規則,好比: requiredstring  就表明必填表的字符串,代表這個信息是用戶必須輸入的。須要注意的是 type 屬性不是隨便寫的,這個名字會對應 struts2 提供的各樣校驗器類。咱們查找 strust2 原代碼會在 xwork jar 包中的 com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators 包下面找到一個 default.xml 配置文件,裏面代碼以下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC

        "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator Config 1.0//EN"

        "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-config-1.0.dtd">

<!-- START SNIPPET: validators-default -->

<validators>

    <validator name="required" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredFieldValidator"/>

    <validator name="requiredstring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredStringValidator"/>

    <validator name="int" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.IntRangeFieldValidator"/>

    <validator name="double" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DoubleRangeFieldValidator"/>

    <validator name="date" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DateRangeFieldValidator"/>

    <validator name="expression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ExpressionValidator"/>

    <validator name="fieldexpression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.FieldExpressionValidator"/>

    <validator name="email" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.EmailValidator"/>

    <validator name="url" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.URLValidator"/>

    <validator name="visitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.VisitorFieldValidator"/>

    <validator name="conversion" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConversionErrorFieldValidator"/>

    <validator name="stringlength" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.StringLengthFieldValidator"/>

    <validator name="regex" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RegexFieldValidator"/>

</validators>

<!--  END SNIPPET: validators-default -->



這裏面你們能夠很清楚的看到,配置是每一個校驗器對應的名稱和校驗須要的類,每一個校驗都有一個 name 屬性,這個屬性就是咱們在 ActionName-validation.xml 配置文件中 <field-validator> 標籤 type 屬性要可使用的值,一樣咱們也可心在 com.opensymphony.validator.validators 包中找到對應的校驗器類,好比:咱們能夠打開

com.opensymphony.validator.validators.RequiredStringValidator 類源代碼以下:

/*

 * Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by OpenSymphony

 * All rights reserved.

 */

package com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators;

 

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationException;

 

public class RequiredStringValidator extends FieldValidatorSupport {

 

    private boolean doTrim = true;

    public void setTrim(boolean trim) {

        doTrim = trim;

    }

    public boolean getTrim() {

        return doTrim;

    }

    public void validate(Object object) throws ValidationException {

        String fieldName = getFieldName();

        Object value = this.getFieldValue(fieldName, object);

        if (!(value instanceof String)) {

            addFieldError(fieldName, object);

        } else {

            String s = (String) value;

            if (doTrim) {

                s = s.trim();

            }

            if (s.length() == 0) {

                addFieldError(fieldName, object);

            }

        }

    }

}



usrename 的必須字段校驗串中有這樣一段配置

<param name="trim">true</param>

你們再年,上面紅色背景顯示的一段代碼,就能夠明白,這個參數就是賦值爲這個屬性的。代表校驗時要去掉字符串兩邊的空格。固然若是有其它方法,也能夠這樣使用<param>標籤傳參數。<message>標籤中信息是校驗失敗後要顯示的信息。

上面爲username 定義了一個必填字段校驗器外,還添加了一個長度限制的校驗器stringlength 校驗器。其它配置都是同樣的!

 

上面說過了,字段校驗有兩種,一種是上面所說的字段校驗,另外一種是非字段校驗,下面咱們看一下:

針對 username 的非字段校驗配置以下:

<validator type="requiredstring">

        <param name="fieldName">username</param>

        <message>username should not be blank</message>

    </validator>

   

    <validator type="stringlength">

        <param name="fieldName">username</param>

        <param name="minLength">6</param>

        <param name="maxLength">10</param>

        <message>username should  be between ${minLength} and

${maxLength}</message>

    </validator>



看上面的配置,先定義一個校驗器,使用 <validator> 標籤,而後在標籤裏配置的參數

<param name="fieldName">username</param>

name 屬性是不變的,使用fieldName 表明字段名,標籤中間的值表明要校驗的字段,下面的<message>標籤中信息是校驗失敗後要顯示的信息。其實非字段校驗和這字段校驗沒什麼區別,只是配置文件不同而已,在開發中建議使用字段校驗,會更清晰一點!

1-5OK這樣配置,整個配置文件均可以生產了,運行測試應用,顯示以下:

OK,校驗測試成功。

 

另外在校驗過程當中還要注意一些問題:

多方法Action狀況如何使用配置文件進行校驗?

咱們知道大多數據狀況下,Action可能會有多個方法,面咱們上面所說的都是針對execute()方法進行的校驗,若是存在多方法的狀況下,須要進行校驗的信息確定是不樣的,一個配置文件確定解決不了問題,全部在多方式須要校驗的狀況下,咱們須要在Action同級別的目錄下,建立命名規則以下的配置文件:ActionName-method-validation.xml 配置文件,好比:RegisterAction中有個test()方法須要校驗,能夠建立

RegisterAction-test-validation.xml 配置文件進行配置,這個文件就會針對tets()方法進行校驗,可是須要注意的是:在調用test()方法時,使用RegisterAction-test-vaidation.xml  文件進行校驗後,還會調用RegisterAction-vaidation.xml 文件進行校驗,這樣的話,確定會產生干擾,爲了解決這樣問題,能夠在開發過程當中,不提供RegisterAction-validtion.xml 這樣的文件,對於execute()方法,能夠提供一個RegisterAction-execute-validation.xml 文件進行配置校驗。

 XML方式校驗與硬編碼方式校驗的選擇|

咱們採用了XML 配置文件的方式進行校驗,介是Action中的validate()方法同時也會被執行的,這時一些校驗就可能會重複!因此在開發過程當中,咱們只採用一種方式,要麼使用XML方式進行校驗,要麼採用硬編碼的方式進行校驗,而不建議混合使用的方式;通常狀況下,咱們採用XML方式進行校驗,並且XML方式能夠知足咱們的需求,在業務特別複雜或校驗粒度比較細的狀況下咱們能夠採用硬編碼的方式校驗。

 

1 6 Struts2 XML 配置方式進行是服務器端校驗,固然在開發過程當中咱們常常會須要客戶端校驗, Struts2 也提供了客戶端校驗功能,使用客戶端校驗,首先頁面中 Struts2 標籤的主題不能設爲 simple 主題,另外 form 標籤的 validate 屬性要改成 true 。可是 Struts2 提供的這種客戶端校驗功能是很是有限的,全部在須要使用客戶端校驗的狀況,能夠採用 javascript Ajax 的方式進行校驗,會更靈活一點。
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