SpringMVC框架是Java開發中最經常使用的開發框架了,網上關於其配置講解也是數不勝數, 此次我也整理出來一個最初級的,引用jar包最少的純淨版SpringMVC框架(注: 無數據庫配置,下次再加);html
新建 maven-web 項目並引入jar包 pom.xml: java
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.gy.spring</groupId> <artifactId>spring-mvc</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>spring-mvc Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <commons.version>2.6</commons.version> <spring.version>4.3.13.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!-- 防止Jar包版本衝突 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <!-- <dependency> <groupId>commons-lang</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId> <version>${commons.version}</version> </dependency> --> <!-- WEB view --> <!-- <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.el</groupId> <artifactId>el-api</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> --> <!-- JSTL 標籤類庫 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- JSON bind --> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.4</version> </dependency> <!-- Upload --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>spring-mvc</finalName> <!-- jetty運行環境,CMD 該項目目錄下 "mvn jetty:run" 啓動 --> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId> <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>9.4.8.v20171121</version> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
2, web.xml: (DispatcherServlet, HTTP請求入口配置)git
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <!-- 2,以上頭部分若是爲默認的2.3版本則不支持el表達式(能夠正常使用),需替換爲當前3.0版 --> <display-name>Spring MVC WEB</display-name> <!-- 3,Spring應用上下文,理解層次化的ApplicationContext(service,myBatis等配置) --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-mybatis.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 1,Spring WebServlet 初始化配置 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- DispatcherServlet對應上下文配置, 配置爲spring-mvc.xml --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <!-- 攔截全部請求 --> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
根據web.xml配置能夠知道文件 spring-mvc.xml 來管理數據請求及視圖輸出;web
3,配置 spring-mvc.xml :spring
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!--啓用Spring基於annotation的DI--> <context:annotation-config /> <!-- DispatcherServlet上下文,只掃描該包中@Controller標註的bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.gy.spring.mvc.controller"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan> <!-- 啓用 HandlerMapping, HandlerMapping無需配置,SpringMVC默認啓用 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping annotation-driven HandlerMapping --> <!-- 擴充註解驅動,能夠將請求參數綁定到控制器參數 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 靜態資源管理 --> <mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/> <!-- 配置視圖解析 ViewResolver,能夠配置多個,用order屬性排序,InternalResourceViewResolver排到最後 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!-- Upload 啓用resolveLazily是爲了推遲文件解析,以便捕獲文件大小異常 --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="1048576"/> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/> <property name="resolveLazily" value="true"/> </bean> </beans>
到這視圖controller部分已經能夠啓動使用了,不過繼續把下面的寫完再一塊來看;數據庫
4, 根據 web.xml 配置 Spring業務(通常爲數據庫,其餘須要整合的框架等) spring-mybatis.xml (名字隨便起,必須與web.xml中加載的一致): express
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!--啓用Spring基於annotation的DI--> <context:annotation-config /> <!-- DispatcherServlet上下文,只掃描業務包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.gy.spring.mvc.service"/> </beans>
5, 先來看看項目結構:apache
項目結構就是這樣,如今再來寫個簡單的controller :api
package com.gy.spring.mvc.controller; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.util.FileCopyUtils; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; import com.gy.spring.mvc.service.HelloService; @Controller @RequestMapping("/hello") public class HelloController { private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(HelloController.class); @Autowired private HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping("") public String index() { return "index"; } @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("hello") public Object hello() { return helloService.hello(); } @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("hello/{id}") public Object hello(@PathVariable("id")int id) { SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); HashMap<Object,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("id", id); map.put("author","geYang"); map.put("data",sf.format(new Date())); logger.info(map); return map; } @RequestMapping(value="upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) public void upload(@RequestParam("file")MultipartFile file,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { if(!file.isEmpty()) { logger.info("file [name:"+file.getOriginalFilename()+", size:"+file.getSize()+", fileName:"+file.getName()+", type:"+file.getContentType()+""); FileCopyUtils.copy(file.getInputStream(),response.getOutputStream()); //上傳的兩種方法: // FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(file.getInputStream(), new File("E:/notes/IMGS/image/xx.jpg")); // file.transferTo(new File("E:/notes/IMGS/image/xxx.jpg")); } } }
service 接口:spring-mvc
package com.gy.spring.mvc.service; public interface HelloService { String hello(); }
service 實現:
package com.gy.spring.mvc.service.impl; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.gy.spring.mvc.service.HelloService; @Service public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService { @Override public String hello() { return "Hello World!"; } }
再來個jsp頁面(該jsp再view目錄下):
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>MVC的核心思想是業務數據的抽取和業務數據的呈現相分離</h1> <form action="/hello/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"> <input name="file" type="file"/> <input type="submit"/> </form> </body> </html>
注意,要使用 @ResponseBoday 來返回JSON 必定要引用 pom.xml 中的:
<!-- JSON bind --> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.4</version> </dependency>
不然會報錯的; 到這已經能夠運行項目啦
如今配置就已經完成一部分啦,下來就看看日誌輸出: log4j.properties (注意引用上面的Jar包哦)
# set log levels log4j.rootLogger = debug , stdout , D , E #輸出到控制檯 log4j.appender.stdout = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out #輸出INFO級別以上的日誌 log4j.appender.stdout.Threshold = INFO log4j.appender.stdout.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern = %d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender log4j.appender.D.File = E:/logs/log.log log4j.appender.D.Append = true #輸出DEBUG級別以上的日誌 log4j.appender.D.Threshold = DEBUG log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] %m%n log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender log4j.appender.E.File = E:/logs/debug.log log4j.appender.E.Append = true #輸出ERROR級別以上的日誌 log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] %m%n log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender log4j.appender.E.File = E:/logs/debug.log log4j.appender.E.Append = true
接下來就是最關鍵最重要的 jUint 與 spring 的整合啦(包不能忘):
<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> </dependency>
測試基類:
package com.gy.spring.mvc; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:spring-mvc.xml","classpath:spring-mybatis.xml"}) @WebAppConfiguration public class SpringTest { public static SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { System.out.println("測試時間: " + sf.format(new Date())); } }
其餘測試類繼承該類,進行測試:
package com.gy.spring.mvc.service; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import com.gy.spring.mvc.SpringTest; public class HelloServiceTest extends SpringTest { @Autowired private HelloService helloService; @Test public void testHello() { System.out.println(helloService.hello()); } }
如今就能夠進行開發啦, 簡單的SpringMVC框架就已經搭建成功啦;
SSM集成已經完善,項目地址: https://gitee.com/ge.yang/spring-demo/tree/master/spring-mvc
後續還會有更多的框架集成配置;