[py]django上線部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

https://github.com/lannyMa/django-uwsgi-nginx.git

單機調試啓動-確保項目代碼沒問題

- 克隆代碼進入項目
git clone https://github.com/lannyMa/django-blog-tutorial.git
cd django-blog-tutorial

- 建立並進入虛擬環境
pip install virtualenv 
virtualenv blogproject_env

- 若是須要mysql-devel
yum install -y python-devel mysql-devel
pip install MySQL-python

- 安裝項目依賴
pip install -r requirements.txt

- 同步數據庫,建立超級管理員
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py createsuperuser


- 運行
python manage.py runserver

- 訪問
http://127.0.0.1:8000
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin

代碼沒問題後,考慮部署到生產

生產部署-nginx+uwsgi+django10

部署詳情說明

• 項目源代碼: https://github.com/lannyMa/django-blog-tutorial-deploy.git
• 項目基於Django 1.10 和 Python 3.5
• uwsgi+nginx,nginx反代static目錄

• 本身打docker image,容器化部署

• dockerfile有py3和py3的環境, supervisor啓動nginx+uwsgi

docker鏡像(baseimage+code)代碼我放到鏡像裏了,直接run鏡像就能夠跑起來直接訪問了. 先快速跑一下吧.

docekr pull lanny/blog-uwsgi-py3-django1.10
docker run -d -p 8080:80 lanny/blog-uwsgi-py3-django1.10

http://x:8080 來訪問,已測過沒問題

探究下怎麼製做docker鏡像

• 先搞清楚nginx+uwsgi+django物理機上是怎麼配合工做的,確保手動一步步啓動完成沒問題,而後再作鏡像

- nginx啓動 /usr/sbin/nginx
看下nginx.conf配置
    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /home/docker/code/app/blog/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /home/docker/code/app/blog/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /home/docker/code/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }

- 原來nginx把歸py處理的uwsgi_pass發給了django的uwsgi,uwsgi用uwsgi_params解析
uwsgi.ini配置文件
[base]
chdir = %dapp/
module=blogproject.wsgi:application
chmod-socket=666

- uwsgi啓動
/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --ini /home/docker/code/uwsgi.ini  #啓動後會監聽端口供與nginx通訊

- 文末附錄有nginx與wsgi通訊原理介紹.

搞清楚了這些後,更近一步着手製做uwsgi+django的docker鏡像.

定製屬於本身項目的docker鏡像

參考地址:這裏有python2 和python3版本的環境.能夠知足平常需求了.
https://hub.docker.com/r/dockerfiles/django-uwsgi-nginx/
https://github.com/dockerfiles/django-uwsgi-nginx

• 先下載dockerfile: 目錄以下

完整的dockerfile和相關配置的關鍵部分以下

- dockerfile

FROM ubuntu:16.04
MAINTAINER Dockerfiles

# Install required packages and remove the apt packages cache when done.
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get upgrade -y && \
    apt-get install -y \
    git \
    python3 \
    python3-dev \
    python3-setuptools \
    python3-pip \
    python3-dev \
    libmysqlclient-dev \
    nginx \
    supervisor \
    sqlite3 && \
    pip3 install -U pip setuptools && \
   rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# install uwsgi now because it takes a little while
RUN pip3 install uwsgi

# setup all the configfiles
RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
COPY nginx-app.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
COPY supervisor-app.conf /etc/supervisor/conf.d/

# COPY requirements.txt and RUN pip install BEFORE adding the rest of your code, this will cause Docker's caching mechanism
# to prevent re-installing (all your) dependencies when you made a change a line or two in your app.

COPY app/requirements.txt /home/docker/code/app/
RUN pip3 install -r /home/docker/code/app/requirements.txt

# add (the rest of) our code
COPY . /home/docker/code/
RUN git clone https://github.com/lannyMa/django-blog-tutorial-deploy.git tmp && \
    mv tmp/* /home/docker/code/app/ && \
    rm -rf tmp

# install django, normally you would remove this step because your project would already
# be installed in the code/app/ directory
#RUN django-admin.py startproject website /home/docker/code/app/

EXPOSE 80
CMD ["supervisord", "-n"]


- supervisor配置
[program:app-uwsgi]
command = /usr/local/bin/uwsgi --ini /home/docker/code/uwsgi.ini

[program:nginx-app]
command = /usr/sbin/nginx


uwsgi.ini配置文件
[base]
chdir = %dapp/
module=blogproject.wsgi:application
chmod-socket=666

• 修改上面docekrfile的這部分爲本身的git項目地址
  
  便可修改:

Dockerfile

RUN git clone https://github.com/lannyMa/django-blog-tutorial-deploy.git tmp && \
    mv tmp/* /home/docker/code/app/ && \
    rm -rf tmp

• 修改項目settings.py爲
  

settings.py

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

• 修改nginx-app.conf的(django項目)static路徑.
  

nginx.conf

    location /media  {
        alias /home/docker/persistent/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /home/docker/volatile/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

等這一切修改完成後,開始構建鏡像

• 構建docker鏡像並運行

docker build -t webapp .
docker run -d -p 80:80 webapp

- 運行後訪問便可
docker run -d -p 8080:80 webapp

遇到的問題

界面亂碼,css未加載成功

解決: 修改nginx配置爲本身項目static的地址

location /media  {
        alias /home/docker/persistent/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /home/docker/volatile/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

不容許訪問,權限拒絕

解決: 修改settings.py

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['寫本身服務器的ip便可']

uwsgi啓動失敗,掃描不到項目

修改uwsgi.ini

修改成本身項目的地址,

module=blogproject.wsgi:application

這裏uwsgi調用的是項目的這個

nginx調用uwsgi.ini

nginx-app.conf

# nginx-app.conf

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    server unix:/home/docker/code/app.sock; # for a file socket
    # server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}

# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on, default_server indicates that this server block
    # is the block to use if no blocks match the server_name
    listen      80 default_server;

    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /home/docker/code/app/blog/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /home/docker/code/app/blog/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /home/docker/code/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]
# this config will be loaded if nothing specific is specified
# load base config from below
ini = :base

# %d is the dir this configuration file is in
socket = %dapp.sock
master = true
processes = 4

[dev]
ini = :base
# socket (uwsgi) is not the same as http, nor http-socket
socket = :8001


[local]
ini = :base
http = :8000
# set the virtual env to use
home=/Users/you/envs/env


[base]
chdir = %dapp/
module=blogproject.wsgi:application
chmod-socket=666

附: 什麼是wsgi,和django/flask有什麼關係

圖解CGI、FastCGI和PHP-FPM關係圖解

the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django

gunicorn vs uwsgi是兩種不一樣的appserver

gunicorn vs uwsgi: http://fatelei.github.io/2015/07/05/Gunicorn-vs-uwsgi/
uwsgi在高併發下比gunicorn有更好的吞吐量和更少的錯誤數

參考

參考

參考