C++進程間通訊

C++進程間通訊

進程間通信的四種方式：剪貼板、匿名管道、命名管道和郵槽

剪切板

//設置剪切板內容
 
CString str;
this->GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT1, str);
 
OpenClipboard();//打開剪貼板查看,並防止其餘應用程序修改剪貼板的內容.
EmptyClipboard();//EmptyClipboard Function該函數清空剪切板並釋放剪切板內數據的句柄。函數在以後會將剪切板的全部權指派給當前打開剪切板的窗口。
HANDLE hclip = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE, str.GetLength() + 1);
char *pBuf = (char *)GlobalLock(hclip);
 
//WideCharToMultiByte()//字形轉換
strcpy(pBuf, str.GetBuffer());
//memcpy(pBuf, str.GetBuffer(), GetLength()+2);
GlobalLock(hclip);
 
SetClipboardData(CF_TEXT, hclip);//SetClipboardData是把指定數據按照指定格式放入剪切板中
CloseClipboard();//關閉剪貼板,這使其餘窗口或程序能訪問剪貼板。
 
//得到剪切板內容
 
OpenClipboard();
if (IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_TEXT))//是以NULL結尾的ASCII字符的文本格式,則該函數返回值爲true,不然爲false。
{
    HANDLE hclip;
    hclip = GetClipboardData(CF_TEXT);//用來打開剪貼板並獲取剪貼板內容。
    char *pBuf =  (char *)GlobalLock(hclip);
    GlobalUnlock(hclip);
    CString STR;
    SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT1, pBuf);
}
CloseClipboard();
 
//參考：
//http://bbs.kechuang.org/t/72605
//http://www.cnblogs.com/BoyXiao/archive/2010/12/25/1916677.html

匿名管道

//父進程實現

//建立匿名管道
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);

if (!CreatePipe(&m_hRead, &m_hWrite, &sa, 0))
{
    AfxMessageBox(_T("create pipe error"));
}

//子進程的建立
STARTUPINFO sui;
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
sui.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
ZeroMemory(&sui, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));

sui.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
sui.hStdInput = m_hRead;
sui.hStdOutput = m_hWrite;
sui.hStdError = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);

if (!CreateProcess(_T("../debug/child.exe"), NULL , NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &sui, &pi ))

{
    AfxMessageBox(_T("建立子進程錯誤"));
}


//關閉進程 線程計數器
if (pi.hThread)
{
    CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
}
if (pi.hProcess)
{
    CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
}

//發送數據

char buf[] = "this is pipe server";
DWORD dwWrite = 0;
if (!WriteFile(m_hWrite, buf, strlen(buf) + 1, &dwWrite, NULL))
{
    AfxMessageBox(_T("write error parent"));
}

//接收數據

char buf[128] = {0};
DWORD dwRead = 0;
ReadFile(m_hRead, buf, sizeof(buf), &dwRead, NULL );

//子進程實現

//獲取繼承自父進程的匿名管道讀寫句柄
m_hRead = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
m_hWrite = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

//寫入數據

char buf[] = "this is pipe child";
DWORD dwWrite = 0;
if (!WriteFile(m_hWrite, buf, strlen(buf) + 1, &dwWrite, NULL))
{
    AfxMessageBox(_T("write error child"));
}

//讀取數據

char buf[128] = {0};
DWORD dwRead = 0;
ReadFile(m_hRead, buf, sizeof(buf), &dwRead, NULL );

//參考
http://www.cnblogs.com/BoyXiao/archive/2011/01/01/1923828.html

命名管道

//服務端

//建立命名管

m_hPipe = CreateNamedPipe(_T("\\\\.\\pipe\\mypipe"), PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, /*OVERLAPPED是爲了知足異步實現非阻塞的工能，當鏈接上用事件通知*/
                          0, 1, 1024, 1024, 0, NULL);

if (m_hPipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
    return;
}

//建立事件
HANDLE hEvent;
hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
if (!hEvent)
{
    MessageBox(_T("建立事件對象失敗！"));
    CloseHandle(m_hPipe);
    m_hPipe = NULL;
    return;
}

OVERLAPPED ovlap;
ZeroMemory(&ovlap, sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
ovlap.hEvent = hEvent;

if (!ConnectNamedPipe(m_hPipe, &ovlap))
{
    if (ERROR_IO_PENDING != GetLastError())
    {
        MessageBox(_T("等待客戶鏈接失敗！"));
        CloseHandle(m_hPipe);
        CloseHandle(hEvent);
        m_hPipe = NULL;
        return;
    }
}

//重疊操做
if (WAIT_FAILED == WaitForSingleObject(hEvent, INFINITE))
{
    MessageBox(_T("等待對象失敗！"));
    CloseHandle(m_hPipe);
    CloseHandle(hEvent);
    m_hPipe = NULL;
    return;
}
CloseHandle(hEvent);

//寫數據

char buf[] = "this is named pipe server";
DWORD dwWrite = 0;
WriteFile(m_hPipe, buf, strlen(buf) + 1, &dwWrite, NULL);

//讀數據

char buf[128] = {0};
DWORD dwRead = 0;
ReadFile(m_hPipe, buf, 128, &dwRead, NULL);

//客戶端

//鏈接命名管道
if (!WaitNamedPipe(_T("\\\\.\\pipe\\mypipe"), NMPWAIT_WAIT_FOREVER))
{
    return;
}

m_hPipe = CreateFile(_T("\\\\.\\pipe\\mypipe"), GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);

//寫入數據

char buf[] = "this is named pipe client";
DWORD dwWrite = 0;
WriteFile(m_hPipe, buf, strlen(buf) + 1, &dwWrite, NULL);

//讀取數據

char buf[128] = {0};
DWORD dwRead = 0;
ReadFile(m_hPipe, buf, 128, &dwRead, NULL);


//參考
//http://www.cnblogs.com/BoyXiao/archive/2011/01/02/1924188.html

郵槽

//服務端
 
HANDLE hMail = CreateMailslot(_T("\\\\.\\mailslot\\myslot"), 424, MAILSLOT_WAIT_FOREVER, NULL);
if (hMail == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
    int nRes = GetLastError();
    CString str;
    str.Format(_T("%s"), nRes);
    AfxMessageBox(str);
    return;
}
char buf[424] = {0};
DWORD dwSize = 0;
ReadFile(hMail, buf, 424, &dwSize, NULL);
CString str;
str = buf;
MessageBox(str);
 
//客戶端
HANDLE hMailslot;
hMailslot = CreateFile(_T("\\\\.\\mailslot\\myslot"), GENERIC_WRITE,
                       FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hMailslot)
{
    MessageBox(_T("打開郵槽失敗！"));
    return;
}
 
char buf[] = "this is mail slot client";
DWORD dwSize = 0;
if (!WriteFile(hMailslot, buf, strlen(buf) + 1, &dwSize, NULL))
{
    MessageBox(_T("寫入郵槽失敗！"));
}
 
//http://blog.csdn.net/kylin_p/article/details/5146797
//http://www.cnblogs.com/BoyXiao/archive/2010/12/31/1923462.html
//http://www.cnblogs.com/jzincnblogs/p/5192654.html