利用Docker Compose快速搭建本地測試環境

時間 2019-11-12

標籤利用 docker compose 快速搭建本地測試環境欄目 Docker 简体版

原文原文鏈接

前言

Compose是一個定義和運行多個Docker應用的工具，用一個YAML（dockder-compose.yml）文件就能配置咱們的應用。而後用一個簡單命令就能啓動全部的服務。Compose編排Docker服務的優點是在單機測試場景，由於Compose的安裝簡單，開箱即用，yaml的定義也複用了Dockerfile的語法。可是集羣中容器編排服務仍是推薦K8S或者Mesos+Marathon這樣的編排調度系統。git

演示環境

$ uname -a
Darwin 18.6.0 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 25 23:16:27 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.261.4~2/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64

$ docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           18.09.2
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.10.8
 Git commit:        6247962
 Built:             Sun Feb 10 04:12:39 2019
 OS/Arch:           darwin/amd64
 Experimental:      false

示例

老規矩，我會先用一個示例來引入接下來要講解的內容。下面我將演示用Docker Compose一鍵運行集中式日誌系統ELK。ELK是一套日誌收集方案，是三款軟件產品的名字縮寫，Elasticsearch，Logstash 和 Kibana。github

ELK的docker-compose.yml 來自github倉庫docker-elk。docker-compose.yml的內容以下：docker

version: '2'

services:

  elasticsearch:
    build:
      context: elasticsearch/
      args:
        ELK_VERSION: $ELK_VERSION
    volumes:
      - ./elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml:ro
    ports:
      - "9200:9200"
      - "9300:9300"
    environment:
      ES_JAVA_OPTS: "-Xmx256m -Xms256m"
      ELASTIC_PASSWORD: changeme
    networks:
      - elk

  logstash:
    build:
      context: logstash/
      args:
        ELK_VERSION: $ELK_VERSION
    volumes:
      - ./logstash/config/logstash.yml:/usr/share/logstash/config/logstash.yml:ro
      - ./logstash/pipeline:/usr/share/logstash/pipeline:ro
    ports:
      - "5000:5000"
      - "9600:9600"
    environment:
      LS_JAVA_OPTS: "-Xmx256m -Xms256m"
    networks:
      - elk
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch

  kibana:
    build:
      context: kibana/
      args:
        ELK_VERSION: $ELK_VERSION
    volumes:
      - ./kibana/config/kibana.yml:/usr/share/kibana/config/kibana.yml:ro
    ports:
      - "5601:5601"
    networks:
      - elk
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch

networks:

  elk:
    driver: bridge

進入到docker-compose.yml目錄，經過docker-compose up -d 這條命令就能啓動一個本地環境的ELK系統：app

$ docker-compose up -d
Building kibana
Step 1/2 : ARG ELK_VERSION
Step 2/2 : FROM docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:${ELK_VERSION}
7.1.1: Pulling from kibana/kibana
8ba884070f61: Already exists
3dd92e31d54b: Downloading [====================>                              ]  18.31MB/44.81MB
47d37f21fc3a: Pull complete
97eef8537832: Pull complete
151d3d8996bb: Pull complete
003e03312113: Pull complete
0fbb6a4413a0: Pull complete
c455cf619e40: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:fbf558c6df18500f00ab9c1e1ce2d566ad2c1800d023106e4a4a85274b0d40cd
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:7.1.1
 ---> 67f17df6ca3e
Successfully built 67f17df6ca3e
Successfully tagged docker-elk_kibana:latest
WARNING: Image for service kibana was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.
Creating docker-elk_elasticsearch_1 ... done
Creating docker-elk_kibana_1        ... done
Creating docker-elk_logstash_1      ... done
Attaching to docker-elk_elasticsearch_1, docker-elk_kibana_1, docker-elk_logstash_1
$ docker-compose ps
           Name                         Command               State                            Ports                          
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
docker-elk_elasticsearch_1   /usr/local/bin/docker-entr ...   Up      0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp          
docker-elk_kibana_1          /usr/local/bin/kibana-docker     Up      0.0.0.0:5601->5601/tcp                                  
docker-elk_logstash_1        /usr/local/bin/docker-entr ...   Up      0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp, 5044/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9600->9600/tcp

訪問kibana頁面：socket

若是傳統物理進程搭建ELK系統，首先要下載和安裝Java JDK，下載ELK的版本，而後安裝Elasticsearch，Logstash 和 Kibana。這整一套下來沒有半天根本搞不定，如今集成到docker-compose只須要一條命令docker-compose up就能運行起來。因此利用docker-compose能夠快速搭建本地測試環境，大大提升開發效率。相對於使用docker run這樣的方式一個個起停容器，docker-compose提供了一個容器編排的服務，定義一組容器的起停依賴關係。也能夠經過docker-compose stop logstash 來中止單一的logstash等服務。elasticsearch

詳細說明

經過上面的例子咱們已經掌握了Docker Comopose的起停等簡單用法，那麼Docker Compose一共有多少種用法呢，咱們能夠經過--help獲得答案：tcp

$ docker-compose --help
Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.

Usage:
  docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
  docker-compose -h|--help

Options:
  -f, --file FILE             Specify an alternate compose file
                              (default: docker-compose.yml)
  -p, --project-name NAME     Specify an alternate project name
                              (default: directory name)
  --verbose                   Show more output
  --log-level LEVEL           Set log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
  --no-ansi                   Do not print ANSI control characters
  -v, --version               Print version and exit
  -H, --host HOST             Daemon socket to connect to

  --tls                       Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
  --tlscacert CA_PATH         Trust certs signed only by this CA
  --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH  Path to TLS certificate file
  --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH       Path to TLS key file
  --tlsverify                 Use TLS and verify the remote
  --skip-hostname-check       Don't check the daemon's hostname against the
                              name specified in the client certificate
  --project-directory PATH    Specify an alternate working directory
                              (default: the path of the Compose file)
  --compatibility             If set, Compose will attempt to convert deploy
                              keys in v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalent

Commands:
  build              Build or rebuild services
  bundle             Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file
  config             Validate and view the Compose file
  create             Create services
  down               Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
  events             Receive real time events from containers
  exec               Execute a command in a running container
  help               Get help on a command
  images             List images
  kill               Kill containers
  logs               View output from containers
  pause              Pause services
  port               Print the public port for a port binding
  ps                 List containers
  pull               Pull service images
  push               Push service images
  restart            Restart services
  rm                 Remove stopped containers
  run                Run a one-off command
  scale              Set number of containers for a service
  start              Start services
  stop               Stop services
  top                Display the running processes
  unpause            Unpause services
  up                 Create and start containers
  version            Show the Docker-Compose version information

-f 指定compose文件，不是必須項，若是沒有指定就變量當前路徑或者父目錄的docker-compose.yml文件。工具

-p 指定項目名稱, 默認是目錄名，例如例子中默認的docker-elk。測試

-v 顯示Docker Compose版本。ui

--tls* 是加密證書相關選項。本機環境通常用不上。

build 建立容器服務，例如用Dockerfile build鏡像。

ps 顯示全部容器。

pull 拉取服務鏡像。

push 推送服務鏡像。

start 啓動服務。

stop 中止服務。

up 建立和啓動容器服務。至關於build（or pull）和start。

version 顯示Docker Compose版本信息。

$ docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.23.2, build 1110ad01
docker-py version: 3.6.0
CPython version: 3.6.6
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0h  27 Mar 2018
$ docker-compose stop logstash
Stopping docker-elk_logstash_1 ... done
$ docker-compose ps
           Name                         Command               State                        Ports                     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
docker-elk_elasticsearch_1   /usr/local/bin/docker-entr ...   Up       0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp
docker-elk_kibana_1          /usr/local/bin/kibana-docker     Up       0.0.0.0:5601->5601/tcp                        
docker-elk_logstash_1        /usr/local/bin/docker-entr ...   Exit 0      
$ docker-compose start logstash
Starting logstash ... done
$ docker-compose ps
           Name                         Command               State                            Ports                          
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
docker-elk_elasticsearch_1   /usr/local/bin/docker-entr ...   Up      0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp          
docker-elk_kibana_1          /usr/local/bin/kibana-docker     Up      0.0.0.0:5601->5601/tcp                                  
docker-elk_logstash_1        /usr/local/bin/docker-entr ...   Up      0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp, 5044/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9600->9600/tcp