[譯][Tkinter 教程13] Mastermind 遊戲

已獲原做者受權. 原系列地址: Python Tkinter

Mastermind 遊戲

本章咱們演示一個進階例子. 咱們用 Tkinter 編寫了 "Bulls and Cows" 遊戲. 這個遊戲也被稱做 "Cows and Bulls" 或者 "Pigs and Bulls" 或者 "Bulls and Cleots", 是一個古老的益智解謎遊戲, 由兩名玩家參與. 早在19世紀, 人們就在用鉛筆和紙來玩這個遊戲了. Mordecai Meirowitz 在 1970 年發明的 Mastermind 遊戲正是受到這個遊戲的啓發. Mastermind 和 Bulls and Cows 在基本理念上是同樣的, 但 Mastermind 被盒裝出售, 其中還包含了一個解謎棋盤和一些標記解謎和反饋的標籤. Mastermind 使用顏色做爲謎題信息, 而 Bulls and Cows 則是用數字作謎題信息.
這個遊戲的算法在咱們的 Python 進階教程中的 "Mastermind / Bulls and Cows" 一文內有詳細闡釋.

實現代碼

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
import random

from combinatorics import all_colours

def inconsistent(p, guesses):
   """ the function checks, if a permutation p, i.e. a list of 
colours like p = ['pink', 'yellow', 'green', 'red'] is consistent
with the previous colours. Each previous colour permuation guess[0]
compared (check()) with p has to return the same amount of blacks 
(rightly positioned colours) and whites (right colour at wrong 
position) as the corresponding evaluation (guess[1] in the 
list guesses) """
   for guess in guesses:
      res = check(guess[0], p)
      (rightly_positioned, permutated) = guess[1]
      if res != [rightly_positioned, permutated]:
         return True # inconsistent
   return False # i.e. consistent

def answer_ok(a):
   """ checking of an evaulation given by the human player makes 
sense. 3 blacks and 1 white make no sense for example. """
   (rightly_positioned, permutated) = a
   if (rightly_positioned + permutated > number_of_positions) \
       or (rightly_positioned + permutated < len(colours) - number_of_positions):
      return False
   if rightly_positioned == 3 and permutated == 1:
      return False
   return True

def get_evaluation():
   """ get evaluation from entry fields """
   rightly_positioned = int(entryWidget_both.get())
   permutated = int(entryWidget_only_colours.get())
   return (rightly_positioned, permutated)

def new_evaluation(current_colour_choices):
   """ This funtion gets an evaluation of the current guess, checks 
the consistency of this evaluation, adds the guess together with
the evaluation to the list of guesses, shows the previous guesses 
and creates a ne guess """
   rightly_positioned, permutated = get_evaluation()
   if rightly_positioned == number_of_positions:
      return(current_colour_choices, (rightly_positioned, permutated))
    
   if not answer_ok((rightly_positioned, permutated)):
      print("Input Error: Sorry, the input makes no sense")
      return(current_colour_choices, (-1, permutated))
   guesses.append((current_colour_choices, (rightly_positioned, permutated)))
   view_guesses()
    
   current_colour_choices = create_new_guess() 
   show_current_guess(current_colour_choices)
   if not current_colour_choices:
      return(current_colour_choices, (-1, permutated))
   return(current_colour_choices, (rightly_positioned, permutated))


def check(p1, p2):
   """ check() calcualtes the number of bulls (blacks) and cows (whites)
of two permutations """
   blacks = 0
   whites = 0
   for i in range(len(p1)):
      if p1[i] == p2[i]:
          blacks += 1
      else:
         if p1[i] in p2:
             whites += 1
   return [blacks, whites] 

def create_new_guess():
   """ a new guess is created, which is consistent to the 
previous guesses """
   next_choice = next(permutation_iterator) 
   while inconsistent(next_choice, guesses):
      try:
         next_choice = next(permutation_iterator)
      except StopIteration:
         print("Error: Your answers were inconsistent!")
         return ()
   return next_choice


def new_evaluation_tk():
   global current_colour_choices
   res = new_evaluation(current_colour_choices)
   current_colour_choices = res[0]

def show_current_guess(new_guess):
    row = 1 
    Label(root, text="   New Guess:   ").grid(row=row, 
                                       column=0, 
                                       columnspan=4)
    row +=1
    col_count = 0
    for c in new_guess:
         print(c)
         l = Label(root, text="    ", bg=c)
         l.grid(row=row,column=col_count,  sticky=W, padx=2)
         col_count += 1

def view_guesses():
    row = 3
    Label(root, text="Old Guesses").grid(row=row, 
                                         column=0, 
                                         columnspan=4)
    Label(root, text="c&p").grid(row=row, 
                                 padx=5, 
                                 column=number_of_positions + 1)
    Label(root, text="p").grid(row=row, 
                               padx=5, 
                               column=number_of_positions + 2)
    # dummy label for distance:
    Label(root, text="         ").grid(row=row,  
                                       column=number_of_positions + 3)


    row += 1
    # vertical dummy label for distance:
    Label(root, text="             ").grid(row=row,  
                                       column=0,
                       columnspan=5)

    for guess in guesses:
      guessed_colours = guess[0]
      col_count = 0
      row += 1
      for c in guessed_colours:
         print(guessed_colours[col_count])
         l = Label(root, text="    ", bg=guessed_colours[col_count])
         l.grid(row=row,column=col_count,  sticky=W, padx=2)
         col_count += 1
      # evaluation:
      for i in (0,1):
        l = Label(root, text=str(guess[1][i]))
        l.grid(row=row,column=col_count + i + 1, padx=2)



if __name__ == "__main__":
   colours = ["red","green","blue","yellow","orange","pink"]
   guesses = []                
   number_of_positions = 4

   permutation_iterator = all_colours(colours, number_of_positions)
   current_colour_choices = next(permutation_iterator)

   new_guess = (current_colour_choices, (0,0) )

   row_offset = 1
   root = Tk()
   root.title("Mastermind")
   root["padx"] = 30
   root["pady"] = 20   

   entryLabel = Label(root)
   entryLabel["text"] = "Completely Correct:"
   entryLabel.grid(row=row_offset, 
                sticky=E,
                padx=5, 
                column=number_of_positions + 4)
   entryWidget_both = Entry(root)
   entryWidget_both["width"] = 5
   entryWidget_both.grid(row=row_offset, column=number_of_positions + 5)

   entryLabel = Label(root)
   entryLabel["text"] = "Wrong Position:"
   entryLabel.grid(row=row_offset+1, 
                sticky=E, 
                padx=5,
                column= number_of_positions + 4)
   entryWidget_only_colours = Entry(root)
   entryWidget_only_colours["width"] = 5
   entryWidget_only_colours.grid(row=row_offset+1, column=number_of_positions + 5)



   submit_button = Button(root, text="Submit", command=new_evaluation_tk)
   submit_button.grid(row=4,column=number_of_positions + 4)

   quit_button = Button(root, text="Quit", command=root.quit)
   quit_button.grid(row=4,column=number_of_positions + 5)
   show_current_guess(current_colour_choices)


   root.mainloop()

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譯者注: 不打算翻譯這篇文章中提到的那篇進階教程了...

全系列:
[譯][Tkinter 教程01] 入門: Label 控件
[譯][Tkinter 教程02] Message 控件
[譯][Tkinter 教程03] Button 控件
[譯][Tkinter 教程04] Variable 類
[譯][Tinkter 教程05] Radiobutton 控件
[譯][Tkinter 教程06] Checkbox 控件
[譯][Tkinter 教程07] Entry 控件
[譯][Tkinter 教程08] Canvas 圖形繪製
[譯][Tkinter 教程09] Scale 控件
[譯][Tkinter 教程10] Text 控件
[譯][Tkinter 教程11] 對話框和消息框
[譯][Tkinter 教程12] 佈局管理 (Pack Place Grid)
[譯][Tkinter 教程13] Mastermind 遊戲
[譯][Tkinter 教程14] menu 菜單
[譯][Tkinter 教程15] event 事件綁定

譯者水平有限, 若有疏漏, 歡迎指正.
已得到原做者受權. 原文地址: Mastermind in TK.