Linux netfilter與VRF

實驗環境以下圖所示:
圖片.pnglinux

配置以下:shell

#!/bin/bash
sudo ip netns add ns1 
sudo ip link add ns1veth1 type veth peer name eth0 netns ns1
sudo ip netns add ns2
sudo ip link add ns2veth1 type veth peer name eth0 netns ns2
sudo ip link set ns1veth1 master vrftest
sudo ip link set ns2veth1 master vrftest
sudo ip link set ns2veth1 up
sudo ip link set ns1veth1 up
sudo ip addr add 1.1.1.254/24 dev ns1veth1 
sudo ip addr add 2.2.2.254/24 dev ns2veth1 
sudo ip netns exec ns2 ip addr add 2.2.2.1/24 dev eth0 
sudo ip netns exec ns1 ip addr add 1.1.1.1/24 dev eth0 
sudo ip netns exec ns1 ip link set eth0 up
sudo ip netns exec ns1 ip link set lo up
sudo ip netns exec ns1 ip route add default via 1.1.1.254 dev eth0
sudo ip netns exec ns2 ip link set eth0 up
sudo ip netns exec ns2 ip link set lo up
sudo ip netns exec ns2 ip route add default via 2.2.2.254 dev eth0
sudo iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING   -s 1.1.1.1 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-prerouting" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A FORWARD      -s 1.1.1.1 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-forward" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A POSTROUTING  -s 1.1.1.1 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-postrouting" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING   -d 1.1.1.1 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-prerouting" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A FORWARD      -d 1.1.1.1 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-forward" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A POSTROUTING  -d 1.1.1.1 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-postrouting" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A INPUT        -d 1.1.1.1 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-localin" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A INPUT        -s 1.1.1.1 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-localin" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT       -s 1.1.1.1 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-localout" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT       -d 1.1.1.1 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-localout"

外網訪問本機

ns1 ping 網關1.1.1.254ubuntu

admin@ubuntu:~$ sudo ip netns exec ns1 ping 1.1.1.254 -c 1       
PING 1.1.1.254 (1.1.1.254) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 1.1.1.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms

--- 1.1.1.254 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.064/0.064/0.064/0.000 ms
admin@ubuntu:~$

查看logbash

Nov 20 20:34:10 ubuntu kernel: [180403.527204] vrf-test-preroutingIN=ns1veth1 OUT= MAC=b2:f8:2a:13:31:75:6e:17:d5:b2:55:14:08:00 SRC=1.1.1.1 DST=1.1.1.254 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=32492 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=33955 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:34:10 ubuntu kernel: [180403.527213] vrf-test-preroutingIN=vrftest OUT= MAC=b2:f8:2a:13:31:75:6e:17:d5:b2:55:14:08:00 SRC=1.1.1.1 DST=1.1.1.254 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=32492 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=33955 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:34:10 ubuntu kernel: [180403.527220] vrf-test-localinIN=vrftest OUT= MAC=b2:f8:2a:13:31:75:6e:17:d5:b2:55:14:08:00 SRC=1.1.1.1 DST=1.1.1.254 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=32492 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=33955 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:34:10 ubuntu kernel: [180403.527231] vrf-test-localoutIN= OUT=vrftest SRC=1.1.1.254 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=54845 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=33955 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:34:10 ubuntu kernel: [180403.527233] vrf-test-postroutingIN= OUT=vrftest SRC=1.1.1.254 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=54845 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=33955 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:34:10 ubuntu kernel: [180403.527235] vrf-test-localoutIN= OUT=ns1veth1 SRC=1.1.1.254 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=54845 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=33955 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:34:10 ubuntu kernel: [180403.527242] vrf-test-postroutingIN= OUT=ns1veth1 SRC=1.1.1.254 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=54845 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=33955 SEQ=1

從log能夠看出:tcp

請求報文通過的hook點順序以下:post

序號 hook點 輸入接口 輸出接口
1 PREROUTING ns1veth1
2 PREROUTING vrftest
3 INPUT vrftest

應答報文通過的hook點順序以下:spa

序號 hook點 輸入接口 輸出接口
1 OUTPUT vrftest
2 POSTROUTING vrftest
3 OUTPUT ns1veth1
4 POSTROUTING ns1veth1

轉發報文

ns1 ping ns2code

admin@ubuntu:~$ sudo ip netns exec ns1 ping 2.2.2.1 -c 1
PING 2.2.2.1 (2.2.2.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 2.2.2.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.063 ms

--- 2.2.2.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.063/0.063/0.063/0.000 ms
admin@ubuntu:~$

查看logblog

Nov 20 20:28:31 ubuntu kernel: [180065.076713] vrf-test-preroutingIN=ns1veth1 OUT= MAC=b2:f8:2a:13:31:75:6e:17:d5:b2:55:14:08:00 SRC=1.1.1.1 DST=2.2.2.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=38312 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=33948 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:28:31 ubuntu kernel: [180065.076722] vrf-test-preroutingIN=vrftest OUT= MAC=b2:f8:2a:13:31:75:6e:17:d5:b2:55:14:08:00 SRC=1.1.1.1 DST=2.2.2.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=38312 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=33948 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:28:31 ubuntu kernel: [180065.076730] vrf-test-forwardIN=vrftest OUT=ns2veth1 MAC=b2:f8:2a:13:31:75:6e:17:d5:b2:55:14:08:00 SRC=1.1.1.1 DST=2.2.2.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=38312 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=33948 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:28:31 ubuntu kernel: [180065.076732] vrf-test-postroutingIN= OUT=ns2veth1 SRC=1.1.1.1 DST=2.2.2.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=38312 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=33948 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:28:31 ubuntu kernel: [180065.076746] vrf-test-preroutingIN=ns2veth1 OUT= MAC=02:25:0e:fe:52:35:ba:19:4d:37:ac:8b:08:00 SRC=2.2.2.1 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=47601 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=33948 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:28:31 ubuntu kernel: [180065.076749] vrf-test-preroutingIN=vrftest OUT= MAC=02:25:0e:fe:52:35:ba:19:4d:37:ac:8b:08:00 SRC=2.2.2.1 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=47601 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=33948 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:28:31 ubuntu kernel: [180065.076752] vrf-test-forwardIN=vrftest OUT=ns1veth1 MAC=02:25:0e:fe:52:35:ba:19:4d:37:ac:8b:08:00 SRC=2.2.2.1 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=47601 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=33948 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 20:28:31 ubuntu kernel: [180065.076753] vrf-test-postroutingIN= OUT=ns1veth1 SRC=2.2.2.1 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=47601 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=33948 SEQ=1

從log能夠看出:接口

請求報文通過的hook點順序以下:

序號 hook點 輸入接口 輸出接口
1 PREROUTING ns1veth1
2 PREROUTING vrftest
3 FORWARD vrftest ns2veth1
4 POSTROUTING ns2veth1

應答報文通過的hook點順序以下:

序號 hook點 輸入接口 輸出接口
1 PREROUTING ns2veth1
2 PREROUTING vrftest
3 FORWARD vrftest ns2veth1
4 POSTROUTING ns2veth1

本機訪問外網

vrftest ping 1.1.1.1

admin@ubuntu:~$ sudo ping 1.1.1.1 -I vrftest -c 1
ping: Warning: source address might be selected on device other than vrftest.
PING 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1) from 1.1.1.254 vrftest: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 1.1.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms

--- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.039/0.039/0.039/0.000 ms
admin@ubuntu:~$

查看log

Nov 20 21:21:11 ubuntu kernel: [183224.956734] vrf-test-localoutIN= OUT=vrftest SRC=1.1.1.254 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=35042 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=34186 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 21:21:11 ubuntu kernel: [183224.956740] vrf-test-postroutingIN= OUT=vrftest SRC=1.1.1.254 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=35042 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=34186 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 21:21:11 ubuntu kernel: [183224.956745] vrf-test-localoutIN= OUT=ns1veth1 SRC=1.1.1.254 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=35042 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=34186 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 21:21:11 ubuntu kernel: [183224.956746] vrf-test-postroutingIN= OUT=ns1veth1 SRC=1.1.1.254 DST=1.1.1.1 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=35042 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=34186 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 21:21:11 ubuntu kernel: [183224.956762] vrf-test-preroutingIN=ns1veth1 OUT= MAC=b2:f8:2a:13:31:75:6e:17:d5:b2:55:14:08:00 SRC=1.1.1.1 DST=1.1.1.254 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=323 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=34186 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 21:21:11 ubuntu kernel: [183224.956765] vrf-test-preroutingIN=vrftest OUT= MAC=b2:f8:2a:13:31:75:6e:17:d5:b2:55:14:08:00 SRC=1.1.1.1 DST=1.1.1.254 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=323 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=34186 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 21:21:11 ubuntu kernel: [183224.956769] vrf-test-localinIN=vrftest OUT= MAC=b2:f8:2a:13:31:75:6e:17:d5:b2:55:14:08:00 SRC=1.1.1.1 DST=1.1.1.254 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=323 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=34186 SEQ=1

從log能夠看出:

請求報文通過的hook點順序以下:

序號 hook點 輸入接口 輸出接口
1 OUTPUT vrftest
2 POSTROUTING vrftest
3 OUTPUT ns1veth1
4 POSTROUTING ns1veth1

應答報文通過的hook點順序以下:

序號 hook點 輸入接口 輸出接口
1 PREROUTING ns1veth1
2 PREROUTING vrftest
3 INPUT vrftest

本機訪問本機,即環回

vrftest ping vrf接口地址9.9.9.9/24

添加以下netfilter規則:

admin@ubuntu:~/vrftcpdump$ cat netfilter1.sh 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING   -s 9.9.9.9 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-prerouting" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A FORWARD      -s 9.9.9.9 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-forward" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A POSTROUTING  -s 9.9.9.9 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-postrouting"
sudo iptables -t mangle -A INPUT        -s 9.9.9.9 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-localin" 
sudo iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT       -s 9.9.9.9 -j LOG --log-prefix="vrf-test-localout" 
admin@ubuntu:~/vrftcpdump$

配置vrftest接口地址爲9.9.9.9/24

admin@ubuntu:~/vrftcpdump$ sudo ip addr add 9.9.9.9/24 dev vrftest           
admin@ubuntu:~/vrftcpdump$ sudo ping 9.9.9.9 -I vrftest -c 1             
PING 9.9.9.9 (9.9.9.9) from 9.9.9.9 vrftest: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 9.9.9.9: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms

--- 9.9.9.9 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.050/0.050/0.050/0.000 ms
admin@ubuntu:~/vrftcpdump$

查看log

Nov 20 22:13:41 ubuntu kernel: [186374.589186] vrf-test-localoutIN= OUT=vrftest SRC=9.9.9.9 DST=9.9.9.9 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=39425 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=34815 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 22:13:41 ubuntu kernel: [186374.589192] vrf-test-postroutingIN= OUT=vrftest SRC=9.9.9.9 DST=9.9.9.9 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=39425 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=34815 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 22:13:41 ubuntu kernel: [186374.589202] vrf-test-preroutingIN=vrftest OUT= MAC=ca:f9:f0:37:4c:6c:ca:f9:f0:37:4c:6c:08:00 SRC=9.9.9.9 DST=9.9.9.9 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=39425 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=34815 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 22:13:41 ubuntu kernel: [186374.589204] vrf-test-localinIN=vrftest OUT= MAC=ca:f9:f0:37:4c:6c:ca:f9:f0:37:4c:6c:08:00 SRC=9.9.9.9 DST=9.9.9.9 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=39425 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=34815 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 22:13:41 ubuntu kernel: [186374.589210] vrf-test-localoutIN= OUT=vrftest SRC=9.9.9.9 DST=9.9.9.9 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=39426 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=34815 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 22:13:41 ubuntu kernel: [186374.589211] vrf-test-postroutingIN= OUT=vrftest SRC=9.9.9.9 DST=9.9.9.9 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=39426 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=34815 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 22:13:41 ubuntu kernel: [186374.589215] vrf-test-preroutingIN=vrftest OUT= MAC=ca:f9:f0:37:4c:6c:ca:f9:f0:37:4c:6c:08:00 SRC=9.9.9.9 DST=9.9.9.9 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=39426 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=34815 SEQ=1 
Nov 20 22:13:41 ubuntu kernel: [186374.589217] vrf-test-localinIN=vrftest OUT= MAC=ca:f9:f0:37:4c:6c:ca:f9:f0:37:4c:6c:08:00 SRC=9.9.9.9 DST=9.9.9.9 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=39426 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=34815 SEQ=1

從log能夠看出:

請求報文通過的hook點順序以下:

序號 hook點 輸入接口 輸出接口
1 OUTPUT vrftest
2 POSTROUTING vrftest
3 PREROUTING vrftest
4 INPUT vrftest

應答報文通過的hook點順序以下:

序號 hook點 輸入接口 輸出接口
1 OUTPUT vrftest
2 POSTROUTING vrftest
3 PREROUTING vrftest
4 INPUT vrftest

環回請求和應答是同樣的。

總結

  • linux內核支持VRF後,報文會兩次進入PREROUTING節點,第一次是原始接口,第二次是原始接口依附的vrf主接口。
  • linux內核支持VRF後,本機輸出的報文,先以vrf接口做爲輸出接口通過OUTPUT和POSTROUTING節點,而後再以真實出去的接口通過OUPUT和POSTROUTING節點。
  • 本機報文進行環回時,與沒有VRF的環境是同樣的。
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