CentOS7系統管理與運維實戰

CentOS7系統管理與運維實戰

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本書目錄結構以下:

第 1章開啓 Linux系統管理與運維的大門.....................................1

1.1 你必須知道的 Linux版本問題...............................................1

1.1.1 Linux的內核版本.............................................................1

1.1.2 Linux的發行版本.............................................................2

1.2 CentOS之於Linux............................................................2

1.2.1 CentOS簡介 ..................................................................2

1.2.2 CentOS 7的最新改進.......................................................3

1.3 Linux運維工程師的技能 ........................................................3

1.3.1 系統和系統服務................................................................4

1.3.2 網絡知識.........................................................................4

1.4 小結..................................................................................5

第 2章跟我學 CentOS的安裝......................................................6

2.1 安裝 CentOS必須知道的基礎知識...........................................6

2.1.1 磁盤分區.........................................................................6

2.1.2 靜態分區的缺點及邏輯卷管理簡介 ........................................7

2.1.3 虛擬化和 VMwareWorkstation簡介...................................8

2.1.4 下載最新的 CentOS安裝版本............................................. 9

2.2 安裝 CentOS.....................................................................10

2.2.1 建立虛擬機......................................................................10

2.2.2 光盤安裝 CentOS 7..........................................................12

2.2.3 U盤安裝 CentOS 7...........................................................20

2.2.4 Windows 7 CentOS 7雙系統安裝 .....................................21

2.2.5 網絡安裝.........................................................................24

2.3 Linux的登陸........................................................................24

2.3.1 首次配置與本地登陸...........................................................25

2.3.2 遠程登陸..........................................................................27

2.4 從 CentOS 6.5升級到 CentOS7...........................................28

2.4.1 升級風險...........................................................................29

2.4.2 使用升級工具....................................................................29

2.5 小白安裝過程當中的問題 ............................................................31

2.5.1 Linux分區會覆蓋原有Windows系統嗎.............................. 31

2.5.2 如何安裝多個 Linux發行版................................................ 32

2.5.3 如何刪除雙系統中的Linux................................................32

2.5.4 主機連不上虛擬機安裝的Linux系統.................................... 33

2.6 Linux的目錄結構.................................................................35

2.7 小結..................................................................................36

第 3章運維必備的網絡管理技能.....................................................37

3.1 網絡管理協議介紹.................................................................37

3.1.1 TCP/IP概述......................................................................38

3.1.2 UDP與 ICMP協議簡介........................................................40

3.2 網絡管理命令.........................................................................40

3.2.1 檢查網絡是否通暢或網絡鏈接速度 ping................................. 40

3.2.2 配置網絡或顯示當前網絡接口狀態 ifconfig .......................... 42

3.2.3 顯示添加或修改路由表route............................................. 44

3.2.4 複製文件至其餘系統 scp...................................................45

3.2.5 複製文件至其餘系統rsync...................................................46

3.2.6 顯示網絡鏈接、路由表或接口狀態 netstat........................... 48

3.2.7 探測至目的地址的路由信息traceroute ............................... 49

3.2.8 測試、登陸或控制遠程主機telnet ..................................... 51

3.2.9 下載網絡文件 wget.........................................................52

3.3 Linux網絡配置.................................................................53

3.3.1 Linux網絡相關配置文件...................................................53

3.3.2 配置 Linux系統的 IP地址..................................................54

3.3.3 設置主機名......................................................................55

3.3.4 設置默認網關...............................................................55

3.3.5 設置 DNS服務器..........................................................56

3.4 Linux 防火牆iptables......................................................56

3.4.1 Linux內核防火牆的工做原理..............................................56

3.4.2 Linux軟件防火牆 iptables..............................................59

3.4.3 iptables配置實例...........................................................62

3.5 Linux高級網絡配置工具......................................................65

3.5.1 高級網絡管理工具iproute2.............................................65

3.5.2 網絡數據採集與分析工具tcpdump .................................. 67

3.6 動態主機配置協議（DHCP）...............................................70

3.6.1 DHCP的工做原理.........................................................70

3.6.2 配置 DHCP服務器......................................................71

3.6.3 配置 DHCP客戶端...................................................73

3.7 Linux域名服務DNS......................................................73

3.7.1 DNS簡介..................................................................74

3.7.2 DNS服務器配置.........................................................74

3.7.3 DNS服務測試........................................................78

3.8 小結...........................................................................79

第 4章路由管理..............................................................80

4.1 認識路由..................................................................80

4.1.1 路由的基本概念.....................................................80

4.1.2 路由的原理............................................................82

4.1.3 Linux系統中的路由表...............................................82

4.1.4 靜態路由和動態路由................................................83

4.2 配置 Linux靜態路由....................................................84

4.2.1 配置網絡接口地址.....................................................84

4.2.2 接口 IP地址與直聯路由..............................................87

4.2.3 route命令.............................................................88

4.2.4 Linux路由器配置實例.................................................90

4.3 Linux的策略路由..........................................................91

4.3.1 策略路由的概念.........................................................91

4.3.2 路由表管理 ...............................................................92

4.3.3 規則與路由管理.........................................................94

4.3.4 策略路由應用實例........................................................95

4.4 小結..............................................................................97

第 5章文件共享服務...............................................................98

5.1 網絡文件系統（NFS）.....................................................98

5.1.1 NFS 簡介 ...................................................................98

5.1.2 配置 NFS 服務器...........................................................99

5.1.3 配置 NFS客戶端 ...........................................................103

5.2 文件服務器 Samba..........................................................103

5.2.1 Samba 服務簡介.........................................................103

5.2.2 Samba服務安裝配置...................................................104

5.3 FTP服務器.....................................................................107

5.3.1 FTP 服務概述..............................................................107

5.3.2 vsftp的安裝與配置......................................................108

5.3.3 proftpd的安裝與配置....................................................114

5.4 小結...............................................................................117

第 6章搭建 LAMP服務...........................................................118

6.1 Apache HTTP服務安裝與配置...........................................118

6.1.1 HTTP協議簡介.............................................................118

6.1.2 Apache服務的安裝、配置與啓動....................................120

6.1.3 Apache基於 IP的虛擬主機配置.....................................131

6.1.4 Apache基於端口的虛擬主機配置...................................134

6.1.5 Apache基於域名的虛擬主機配置...................................136

6.1.6 Apache安全控制與認證..............................................138

6.2 MySQL服務的安裝與配置...............................................143

6.2.1 MySQL的版本選擇...................................................144

6.2.2 MySQL的版本命名機制...........................................144

6.2.3 MySQL rpm包安裝................................................144

6.2.4 MySQL源碼安裝.....................................................146

6.2.5 MySQL程序介紹.....................................................149

6.2.6 MySQL配置文件介紹.................................................150

6.2.7 MySQL啓動與中止...................................................152

6.3 PHP安裝與配置............................................................158

6.4 LAMP集成安裝、配置與測試實戰 ...................................158

6.5 MySQL平常維護..........................................................163

6.5.1 MySQL權限管理......................................................163

6.5.2 MySQL日誌管理.....................................................167

6.5.3 MySQL備份與恢復................................................172

6.5.4 MySQL複製.........................................................179

6.5.5 MySQL複製搭建過程.............................................181

6.6 小結......................................................................185

第 7章搭建 LNMP服務..................................................186

7.1 LNMP服務安裝與管理...........................................186

7.1.1 Nginx的安裝與管理.............................................186

7.1.2 PHP安裝..............................................................189

7.2 Nginx負載均衡與反向代理.........................................190

7.2.1 Nginx負載均衡設置................................................190

7.2.2 Nginx反向代理配置................................................191

7.3 集成 Nginx與 PHP..................................................193

7.3.1 spawn-fcgi集成方式.............................................193

7.3.2 php-fpm集成方式................................................196

7.4 LNMP實戰............................................................198

7.4.1 第 1個 PHP程序................................................198

7.4.2 數據庫鏈接.......................................................198

7.4.3 記錄查詢...........................................................199

7.4.4 增長分頁..........................................................202

7.4.5 添加記錄...........................................................206

7.4.6 修改記錄............................................................208

7.4.7 刪除記錄...........................................................212

7.5 小結...................................................................217

第 8章集羣................................................................218

8.1 集羣技術簡介......................................................218

8.2 LVS 集羣介紹.....................................................219

8.2.1 3種負載均衡技術...............................................219

8.2.2 負載均衡調度算法...............................................222

8.3 LVS 集羣的體系結構 .............................................223

8.4 LVS負載均衡配置實例............................................224

8.4.1 基於 NAT模式的 LVS的安裝與配置 ........................224

8.4.2 基於 DR模式的 LVS的安裝與配置.......................... 228

8.4.3 基於 IP隧道模式的 LVS的安裝與配置.....................231

8.5 利用集羣搭建高可用 MySQL平臺 ..........................233

8.5.1 高可用 MySQL平臺的功能................................233

8.5.2 可選方案對比...................................................234

8.5.3 高可用 MySQL平臺實現方案.............................. 235

8.5.4 搭建 MySQL集羣............................................235

8.5.5 搭建負載均衡 LVS..........................................244

8.5.6 搭建雙機熱備HA..............................................249

8.5.7 項目測試......................................................252

8.6 小結................................................................254

第 9章雙機熱備.......................................................256

9.1 高可用性集羣技術..............................................256

9.1.1 可用性和集羣..................................................256

9.1.2 集羣的分類......................................................257

9.2 雙機熱備開源軟件 Pacemaker .............................257

9.2.1 Pacemaker概述.............................................258

9.2.2 Pacemaker安裝與配置.............................258

9.2.3 Pacemaker資源配置..................................262

9.2.4 Pacemaker測試...........................................266

9.3 雙機熱備軟件keepalived................................268

9.3.1 keepalived概述.........................................268

9.3.2 keepalived安裝與配置..................................268

9.3.3 keepalived啓動與測試..................................270

9.4 小結 .............................................................272

第 10章 KVM虛擬化和 oVirt虛擬化管理平臺.............273

10.1 KVM虛擬化................................................273

10.1.1 安裝 KVM虛擬化........................................273

10.1.2 KVM虛擬機的管理方法..................................276

10.1.3 使用圖形工具建立虛擬機.................................277

10.1.4 使用virt-install建立虛擬機............................. 281

10.2 oVirt虛擬化管理平臺....................................288

10.2.1 oVirt-engine虛擬化管理平臺概述................. 288

10.2.2 oVirt管理平臺的安裝...................................288

10.2.3 oVirt Node安裝........................................294

10.2.4 oVirt Node設置......................................298

10.2.5 oVirt虛擬化管理平臺設置...........................299

10.2.6 配置資源..................................................302

10.2.7 創建虛擬機..............................................305

10.3 小結..........................................................307

第 11章 GlusterFS存儲.......................................308

11.1 GlusterFS概述.........................................308

11.1.1 分佈式文件系統.......................................308

11.1.2 GlusterFS概述......................................311

11.1.3 GlusterFS集羣的模式............................313

11.2 GlusterFS部署和應用 ................................315

11.2.1 GlusterFS安裝......................................315

11.2.2 配置服務和集羣.......................................318

11.2.3 添加磁盤到集羣......................................319

11.2.4 添加不一樣模式的GlusterFS磁盤............. 322

11.2.5 在 Linux中使用 GlusterFS存儲............. 323

11.3 小結 .....................................................324

第 12章配置 OpenStack私有云............................325

12.1 OpenStack概況.....................................325

12.2 OpenStack系統架構.................................326

12.2.1 OpenStack體系架構 ................................326

12.2.2 OpenStack部署方式............................327

12.2.3 計算模塊Nova.........................................329

12.2.4 分佈式對象存儲模塊Swift....................... 329

12.2.5 虛擬機鏡像管理模塊Glance....................330

12.2.6 身份認證模塊Keystone.........................330

12.2.7 控制檯 Horizon..............................................331

12.3 Openstack主要部署工具..............................332

12.3.1 Fuel.........................................332

12.3.2 TripleO..............................................332

12.3.3 RDO..........................................333

12.3.4 DevStack...................................333

12.4 經過 RDO部署 OpenStack...........................333

12.4.1 部署前的準備...............................333

12.4.2 配置安裝源...............................333

12.4.3 安裝Packstack............................334

12.4.4 安裝 OpenStack.......................334

12.5 管理 OpenStack.........................338

12.5.1 登陸控制檯.............................338

12.5.2 用戶設置...................................340

12.5.3 管理用戶..............................................341

12.5.4 管理鏡像.................................342

12.5.5 管理雲主機類型............................345

12.5.6 管理網絡.................................347

12.5.7 管理實例........................................354

12.6 小結 ..............................................360

第 13章配置 OpenNebula雲平臺....................361

13.1 OpenNebula概述..................................361

13.1.1 雲計算概述........................................... 361

13.1.2 OpenNebula概述 ................................ 362

13.2 OpenNebula安裝....................................363

13.2.1 控制端環境配置....................................363

13.2.2 控制端安裝...........................................365

13.2.3 客戶端安裝..........................................367

13.2.4 配置控制端和客戶端.............................368

13.3 OpenNebula配置與應用.........................373

13.3.1 配置 VDC和集羣...................................373

13.3.2 添加 KVM主機.....................................375

13.3.3 創建映像............................................377

13.3.4 添加虛擬網絡和模板............................382

13.3.5 建立並訪問虛擬機.................................383

13.4 小結..............................................384

附錄 A Linux經常使用命令示例..............................385

A.1 文件管理.............................................385

A.1.1 複製文件cp........................................385

A.1.2 移動文件mv....................................387

A.1.3 建立文件或修改文件時間touch............. 388

A.1.4 刪除文件 rm...............................389

A.1.5 查看文件.....................................391

A.1.6 查看文件或目錄 find.......................394

A.1.7 過濾文本 grep............................395

A.1.8 比較文件差別diff.............................399

A.1.9 在文件或目錄之間建立連接ln ............... 400

A.1.10 顯示文件類型file................................401

A.1.11 分割文件 split............................402

A.1.12 合併文件 join..............................404

A.1.13 文件權限umask.............................405

A.1.14 文本操做 awk和 sed......................406

A.2 目錄管理..........................................407

A.2.1 顯示當前工做目錄pwd.........................407

A.2.2 創建目錄mkdir...................................408

A.2.3 刪除目錄 rmdir.............................409

A.2.4 改變工做目錄cd.........................410

A.2.5 查看工做目錄文件ls........................411

A.2.6 查看目錄樹tree............................413

A.2.7 打包或解包文件tar........................414

A.2.8 壓縮或解壓縮文件和目錄zip/unzip ...................... 415

A.2.9 壓縮或解壓縮文件和目錄gzip/gunzip ............... 416

A.2.10 壓縮或解壓縮文件和目錄bzip2/bunzip2 ............. 417

A.3 系統管理..................................................418

A.3.1 查看命令幫助 man.....................................418

A.3.2 導出環境變量 export.............................419

A.3.3 查看歷史記錄history....................................420

A.3.4 顯示或修改系統時間與日期date..................... 421

A.3.5 清除屏幕clear...........................................422

A.3.6 查看系統負載uptime..............................422

A.3.7 顯示系統內存狀態 free...........................422

A.3.8 轉換或拷貝文件dd..................................423

A.4 任務管理 ................................................424

A.4.1 單次任務at........................................424

A.4.2 週期任務cron..................................425