web框架開發-Django的Forms組件

時間 2019-12-06

標籤 web 框架開發 django forms 組件欄目 HTML 简体版

原文原文鏈接

校驗字段功能

針對一個實例：用戶註冊。css

模型：models.pyhtml

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()
    tel=models.CharField(max_length=32)

模板: reg.html:前端

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

</head>
<body>

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}  # 爲了經過中間件檢驗
    <div>
        <label for="user">用戶名</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="pwd">密碼</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="r_pwd">確認密碼</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
    </div>
     <div>
        <label for="email">郵箱</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
    </div>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

視圖函數：regdjango

# forms組件
from django.forms import widgets

wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
                         widget=wid_01
                         )
    pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
    tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)



def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)  # 生成校驗對象，接受客戶端傳過來的值，進行校驗
        if form.is_valid():  # 返回布爾值，校驗的最後結果
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 全部經過校驗的字段以及對應的值
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)       #
            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校驗錯誤的字段":["錯誤信息",]}
            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["錯誤信息",]
        return HttpResponse("OK")
 
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

重要的點：bootstrap

模板傳過來的字段要和類的字段一一對應。app

能夠多，不能少。函數

若是有沒有的值，即多了不存在字段，不會報錯，不care沒有的鍵值對。可是，若少了必然會是Falsepost

默認都有非空規則，若是須要的匹配的值，有找不到的，就會是False。ui

若是所有正確，纔是Truespa

若是有錯誤的，正確的放在form.cleaned_data,錯誤的放在forms.errors ，錯誤的信息做爲值

forms.error.get(「xxx」)[0]取出錯誤信息，由於其本質的類型是一個字典

form.is_valid() :返回布爾值
form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
form.errors :{"name":[".........."]}

渲染標籤功能

爲了更方便和快捷，以及防止輸入出錯，我麼可使用標籤渲染

方式一

form=UserForm

須要在Form類中設置lable屬性，顯示別名（中文名）

view.py中

class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='用戶名')
    pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='密碼')
    pwd_r=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='確認密碼')
    tel=forms.CharField(label='手機號')
    email=forms.EmailField(label='郵箱')

reg.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
   <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>註冊頁面</h3>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

                <form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div>
                        <label for="">用戶名</label>
                        {{ form.name }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">密碼</label>
                        {{ form.pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">確認密碼</label>
                        {{ form.r_pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for=""> 郵箱</label>
                        {{ form.email }}
                    </div>

                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
                </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>



</body>
</html>

方式二

用for循環動態添加

<form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    
                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div>
                            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
                            {{ field }}
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}
                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
                
</form>

方式三

{{form.as_p }}，{{ forms.as_table }}，….有不少種

固定了樣式，並且不易於操做，因此不建議使用

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">

</form>

顯示錯誤與重置輸入信息功能

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import *
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets  # 設置調整渲染的樣式的模塊


# 建立forms組件,用來校驗輸入
class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name=forms.CharField(min_length=4, # 校驗長度
                         label='用戶名',   # 設置別名
                         error_messages={"required":'該字段不能爲空'},  # 錯誤信息提示更改成中文
                         widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))  # 添加class類的樣式
    pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='密碼',
                        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}),  # 設置成password類型，並添加樣式
                        error_messages = {"required": '該字段不能爲空'}
                        )
    pwd_r=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='確認密碼',
                          error_messages={"required":'該字段不能爲空'},
                          widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'})
                          )
    tel=forms.CharField(label='手機號',
                        error_messages={"required":'該字段不能爲空','invalid':'格式錯誤'},
                        widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'})
                        )
    email=forms.EmailField(label='郵箱',

                           error_messages={"required":'該字段不能爲空','invalid':'格式錯誤'},
                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'})
                           )


def reg(request):
    if request.method=="POST":
        forms=UserForm(request.POST)
        print('post')
        if forms.is_valid():
            print(forms.cleaned_data)
        else:
            print(forms.is_valid())
            print(forms.cleaned_data)
            print(forms.errors)
            # 重要的一步放在這裏，同時保留了傳過來的值，因此前端在刷新的時候，以前的輸入還會存在
            return render(request,'reg.html',locals())

    forms=UserForm()

    return render(request,'reg.html',locals())

模板reg.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
    <h3>渲染方式一</h3>
    <form action="" method="post" novalidate>
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>
            {{ forms.name.label }}{{ forms.name }}
            <span>{{ forms.name.errors.0 }}</span>
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ forms.pwd.label }}{{ forms.pwd }}
            <span>{{ forms.pwd.errors.0 }}</span> {#.0很重要 取到第一個錯誤，errors獲得的是一個li標籤列表#}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ forms.pwd_r.label }}{{ forms.pwd_r }}
            <span>{{ forms.pwd_r.errors.0 }}</span> {#.0很重要#}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ forms.tel.label }}{{ forms.tel }}
            <span>{{ forms.tel.errors.0 }}</span> {#.0很重要#}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ forms.email.label }}{{ forms.email }}
            <span>{{ forms.email.errors.0 }}</span> {#.0很重要#}
        </p>
            <input type="submit">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

局部鉤子與全局鉤子

模板文件reg.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .error{
            color: red;
        }
    </style>
    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
    integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">
            <hr>
            <h3>forms組件渲染方式1</h3>
            <form action="" method="post" novalidate>
                {% csrf_token %}
                <p>{{ form.name.label }}
                    {{ form.name }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
                </p>
                <p>{{ form.pwd.label }}
                    {{ form.pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
                </p>
                <p>確認密碼
                    {{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span>

                    <span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span>  {# 全局錯誤 #}
                </p>
                <p>郵箱 {{ form.email }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>
                <p>手機號 {{ form.tel }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>
                <input type="submit">

            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

視圖函數views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

from app01.myforms import *


def reg(request):

    if request.method=="POST":

        print(request.POST)

        #form=UserForm({"name":"yu","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"alex"})


        form=UserForm(request.POST) # form表單的name屬性值應該與forms組件字段名稱一致

        print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布爾值

        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"email":123@qq.com}


            #   全局鉤子錯誤
            #print("error",form.errors.get("__all__")[0])
            errors=form.errors.get("__all__")

            return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

    form=UserForm()

    return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

將forms組件邏輯，新建文件單獨放置

from django import forms

from django.forms import widgets
from app01.models import UserInfo

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError

class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="用戶名",error_messages={"required":"該字段不能爲空"},
                         widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
                         )
    pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="密碼",
                        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
                        )
    r_pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="確認密碼",error_messages={"required":"該字段不能爲空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
    email=forms.EmailField(label="郵箱",error_messages={"required":"該字段不能爲空","invalid":"格式錯誤"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
    tel=forms.CharField(label="手機號",widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))


    def clean_name(self):  # 局部鉤子

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")

        ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)

        if not ret:
            return val
        else:
            raise ValidationError("該用戶已註冊!")

    def clean_tel(self):  # 局部鉤子

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel")

        if len(val)==11:

            return val
        else:
            raise  ValidationError("手機號格式錯誤")

    def clean(self):  # 全局鉤子
        pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
        r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')

        if pwd and r_pwd:
            if pwd==r_pwd:
                return self.cleaned_data
            else:
                raise ValidationError('兩次密碼不一致')
        else:

            return self.cleaned_data