三、modleForm組件

時間 2019-11-08

標籤 modleform 組件简体版

原文原文鏈接

一、原生form表單

步驟：

1.models.py ...
    makemigrations
    migrate

3.createsuperuser
    yuan yuan1234


    1.addbook:(getlist)
        ...
        publish_id = request.POST.get('publish_id')
        auhtor_pk_list = request.POST.getlist('auhtor_pk_list')  # ['1', '2']
        book_obj = Book.objects.create(title=title,price=price,date=date,publish_id=publish_id)
        book_obj.authors.add(*auhtor_pk_list)
    
    2.editbook:(set)
        ...
         <p>價格 <input type="text" name="price" value="{{ edit_book.price }}"></p>
        {% if author in edit_book.authors.all %}
            <option selected value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
        {% else %}
            <option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
        {% endif %}
        
        ...
        ret = Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).update(title=title, price=price, date=date, publish_id=publish_id)
        print('ret---', ret)  # 1

        book_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()
        print('book_obj---', book_obj)  # 對象

        book_obj.authors.set(auhtor_pk_list)

code代碼

modelsphp

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.



class Book(models.Model):

    title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=8,decimal_places=2)  # 999999.99
    date=models.DateField()
    publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",on_delete=True)
    authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
class Publish(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Author(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

View Code

admin.pycss

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
from .models import *

admin.site.register(Book)
admin.site.register(Author)
admin.site.register(Publish)

View Code

urlshtml

"""formsDemo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""


from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^books/', views.books),
    url(r'^book/add', views.addbook),
    url(r'^book/edit/(\d+)', views.editbook),
]

View Code

views前端

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect

# Create your views here.

from .models import *

def books(request):
    book_list=Book.objects.all()
    return render(request,"books.html",locals())


def addbook(request):
    if request.method=="POST":
        title=request.POST.get("title")
        price=request.POST.get("price")
        date=request.POST.get("date")
        publish_id=request.POST.get("publish_id")
        author_pk_list=request.POST.getlist("author_pk_list") # [1,2]

        book_obj=Book.objects.create(title=title,price=price,date=date,publish_id=publish_id)
        book_obj.authors.add(*author_pk_list)


        return redirect("/books/")


    publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
    author_list=Author.objects.all()
    return render(request,"add.html",locals())


def editbook(request,edit_book_id):
    if request.method=="POST":
        title=request.POST.get("title")
        price=request.POST.get("price")
        date=request.POST.get("date")
        publish_id=request.POST.get("publish_id")
        author_pk_list=request.POST.getlist("author_pk_list") # [1,2]

        Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).update(title=title,price=price,date=date,publish_id=publish_id)
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()
        book_obj.authors.set(author_pk_list)


        return redirect("/books/")



    edit_book=Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()
    publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
    author_list = Author.objects.all()
    return render(request,"edit.html",locals())

View Code

books.htmlpython

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>
<a href="/book/add"><button>添加書籍</button></a>
<hr>
<table border="1">
    {% for book in book_list %}
       <tr>
           <td>{{ book.title }}</td>
           <td>{{ book.price }}</td>
           <td>{{ book.date|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td>
           <td>{{ book.publish.name }}</td>
           <td>{{ book.authors.all }}</td>
            <td><a href="/book/edit/{{book.pk}}"><button>編輯</button></a></td>
       </tr>
    {% endfor %}

</table>


</body>
</html>

View Code

add.htmlgit

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>

<h3>添加頁面</h3>

<form action="" method="post">
     {% csrf_token %}
    <p>書籍名稱 <input type="text" name="title"></p>
    <p>價格 <input type="text" name="price"></p>
    <p>日期 <input type="date" name="date"></p>
    <p>出版社
        <select name="publish_id" id="">
              {% for publish in publish_list %}
                  <option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
              {% endfor %}

        </select>
    </p>
    <p>做者

        <select name="author_pk_list" id="" multiple>
              {% for author in author_list %}
                  <option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
              {% endfor %}

        </select>
    </p>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

View Code

edit.htmlweb

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>

<h3>編輯頁面</h3>

<form action="" method="post">
     {% csrf_token %}
    <p>書籍名稱 <input type="text" name="title" value="{{ edit_book.title }}"></p>
    <p>價格 <input type="text" name="price" value="{{ edit_book.price }}"></p>
    <p>日期 <input type="date" name="date" value="{{ edit_book.date|date:'Y-m-d' }}"></p>
    <p>出版社
        <select name="publish_id" id="">
              {% for publish in publish_list %}

                  {% if edit_book.publish == publish %}
                     <option selected value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
                  {% else %}
                      <option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
                  {% endif %}

              {% endfor %}

        </select>
    </p>
    <p>做者

        <select name="author_pk_list" id="" multiple>
              {% for author in author_list %}
                  {% if author in edit_book.authors.all %}
                     <option selected value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
                  {% else %}
                     <option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
                  {% endif %}


              {% endfor %}

        </select>
    </p>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

View Code

二、forms組件2

forms組件1： https://www.cnblogs.com/venicid/p/9308074.html正則表達式

https://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/7614921.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6144178.html數據庫

form組件1：forms組件添加，編輯用原生form表單apache

form組件2：實現了編輯也用form表單

一、針對form表單設計form組件

　　ChoiceField(Field)
　　ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
　　ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)

二、form組件能作的事情:

form組件能作的事情:
    1.能渲染頁面
    2.能作校驗用
    3.拿到錯誤信息顯示

三、code

views

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect

# Create your views here.

from .models import *

from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets

class BookForm(forms.Form):
    title = forms.CharField(max_length=32,label="書籍名稱")
    price = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2,label="價格")  # 999999.99
    date = forms.DateField(label="日期",
        widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"type":"date"})
    )

    #gender=forms.ChoiceField(choices=((1,"男"),(2,"女"),(3,"其餘")))
    #publish=forms.ChoiceField(choices=Publish.objects.all().values_list("pk","title"))
    publish=forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Publish.objects.all())
    authors=forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Author.objects.all())






def books(request):
    book_list=Book.objects.all()
    return render(request,"books.html",locals())


def addbook(request):
    form = BookForm()
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = BookForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)
            """
            clean_date: {'title': '書1', 'price': Decimal('1111'),
                 'date': datetime.date(2018, 6, 7),
                 'publish': <Publish: 香蕉出版社>,   # 對象
                  'authors': <QuerySet [<Author: alex>, <Author: egon>]>}

            """
            title = form.cleaned_data.get('title')
            price = form.cleaned_data.get('price')
            date = form.cleaned_data.get('date')
            publish = form.cleaned_data.get('publish')
            authors = form.cleaned_data.get('authors')

            book_obj = Book.objects.create(title=title,price=price,date=date,publish=publish)
            book_obj.authors.add(*authors)

            return redirect('/books/')
    print(form)
    return render(request,'add.html',locals())


def editbook(request,edit_book_id):
    edit_book = Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()
    form = BookForm(initial={"title": edit_book.title, "price": edit_book.price, "date": edit_book.date,
                             "publish": edit_book.publish, "authors": edit_book.authors.all()})
    if request.method=="POST":
        form = BookForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            title = form.cleaned_data.get("title")
            price = form.cleaned_data.get("price")
            date = form.cleaned_data.get("date")
            publish = form.cleaned_data.get("publish")
            authors = form.cleaned_data.get("authors")  # [1,2]

            Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).update(title=title,price=price,date=date,publish=publish)
            book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()
            book_obj.authors.set(authors)

            return redirect("/books/")

    return render(request,"edit.html",locals())

View Code

add

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>

<h3>添加頁面</h3>

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}

    {% for field in form %}
        <div>
            {{ field.label }}
            {{ field }}
            {{ field.errors.0 }}
        </div>
    {% endfor %}

    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

View Code

edit

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>

<h3>編輯頁面</h3>

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for field in form %}
        <div>
            {{ field.label }}
            {{ field }}
            {{ field.errors.0 }}
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

View Code

四、form組件補充

一、Django內置字段以下：

Field
    required=True,               是否容許爲空
    widget=None,                 HTML插件
    label=None,                  用於生成Label標籤或顯示內容
    initial=None,                初始值
    help_text='',                幫助信息(在標籤旁邊顯示)
    error_messages=None,         錯誤信息 {'required': '不能爲空', 'invalid': '格式錯誤'}
    show_hidden_initial=False,   是否在當前插件後面再加一個隱藏的且具備默認值的插件（可用於檢驗兩次輸入是否一直）
    validators=[],               自定義驗證規則
    localize=False,              是否支持本地化
    disabled=False,              是否能夠編輯
    label_suffix=None            Label內容後綴
 
 
CharField(Field)
    max_length=None,             最大長度
    min_length=None,             最小長度
    strip=True                   是否移除用戶輸入空白
 
IntegerField(Field)
    max_value=None,              最大值
    min_value=None,              最小值
 
FloatField(IntegerField)
    ...
 
DecimalField(IntegerField)
    max_value=None,              最大值
    min_value=None,              最小值
    max_digits=None,             總長度
    decimal_places=None,         小數位長度
 
BaseTemporalField(Field)
    input_formats=None          時間格式化   
 
DateField(BaseTemporalField)    格式：2015-09-01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField)    格式：11:12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式：2015-09-01 11:12
 
DurationField(Field)            時間間隔：%d %H:%M:%S.%f
    ...
 
RegexField(CharField)
    regex,                      自定製正則表達式
    max_length=None,            最大長度
    min_length=None,            最小長度
    error_message=None,         忽略，錯誤信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}
 
EmailField(CharField)      
    ...
 
FileField(Field)
    allow_empty_file=False     是否容許空文件
 
ImageField(FileField)      
    ...
    注：須要PIL模塊，pip3 install Pillow
    以上兩個字典使用時，須要注意兩點：
        - form表單中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
        - view函數中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
 
URLField(Field)
    ...
 
 
BooleanField(Field)  
    ...
 
NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
    ...
 
ChoiceField(Field)
    ...
    choices=(),                選項，如：choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
    required=True,             是否必填
    widget=None,               插件，默認select插件
    label=None,                Label內容
    initial=None,              初始值
    help_text='',              幫助提示
 
 
ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
    ...                        django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
    queryset,                  # 查詢數據庫中的數據
    empty_label="---------",   # 默認空顯示內容
    to_field_name=None,        # HTML中value的值對應的字段
    limit_choices_to=None      # ModelForm中對queryset二次篩選
     
ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
    ...                        django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
 
 
     
TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
    coerce = lambda val: val   對選中的值進行一次轉換
    empty_value= ''            空值的默認值
 
MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
    ...
 
TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
    coerce = lambda val: val   對選中的每個值進行一次轉換
    empty_value= ''            空值的默認值
 
ComboField(Field)
    fields=()                  使用多個驗證，以下：即驗證最大長度20，又驗證郵箱格式
                               fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])
 
MultiValueField(Field)
    PS: 抽象類，子類中能夠實現聚合多個字典去匹配一個值，要配合MultiWidget使用
 
SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
    input_date_formats=None,   格式列表：['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
    input_time_formats=None    格式列表：['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
 
FilePathField(ChoiceField)     文件選項，目錄下文件顯示在頁面中
    path,                      文件夾路徑
    match=None,                正則匹配
    recursive=False,           遞歸下面的文件夾
    allow_files=True,          容許文件
    allow_folders=False,       容許文件夾
    required=True,
    widget=None,
    label=None,
    initial=None,
    help_text=''
 
GenericIPAddressField
    protocol='both',           both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式
    unpack_ipv4=False          解析ipv4地址，若是是::ffff:192.0.2.1時候，可解析爲192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必須爲both才能啓用
 
SlugField(CharField)           數字，字母，下劃線，減號（連字符）
    ...
 
UUIDField(CharField)           uuid類型
    ...

View Code

二、Django內置插件：

TextInput(Input)
NumberInput(TextInput)
EmailInput(TextInput)
URLInput(TextInput)
PasswordInput(TextInput)
HiddenInput(TextInput)
Textarea(Widget)
DateInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
DateTimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
TimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
CheckboxInput
Select
NullBooleanSelect
SelectMultiple
RadioSelect
CheckboxSelectMultiple
FileInput
ClearableFileInput
MultipleHiddenInput
SplitDateTimeWidget
SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget
SelectDateWidget

View Code

三、經常使用選擇插件：

# 單radio，值爲字符串
# user = fields.CharField(
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
 
# 單radio，值爲字符串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.RadioSelect
# )
 
# 單select，值爲字符串
# user = fields.CharField(
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
 
# 單select，值爲字符串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.Select
# )
 
# 多選select，值爲列表
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
#     choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),
#     initial=[1,],
#     widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
# )
 
 
# 單checkbox
# user = fields.CharField(
#     widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
# )
 
 
# 多選checkbox,值爲列表
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
#     initial=[2, ],
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
# )

View Code