從JVM視角分析try...catch...性能

try..catch..到底影響性能嗎?java

實驗1:簡單認識

隨便寫一個簡單的程序bash

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 0,b=2;
        try {
            a = b/0;
        }catch (Exception e){
            a = 1;
        }
    }
}
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看一下字節碼指令過程:jvm

public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: (0x0009) ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=4, args_size=1
         0: iconst_0        push 0
         1: istore_1        pop並保存到局部變量1
         2: iconst_2       push 2
         3: istore_2       pop並保存到局部變量2
         4: iload_2        從局部變量裏拿出並push
         5: iconst_0        push 0 
         6: idiv          棧頂兩數相除
         7: istore_1
         8: goto          14
        11: astore_3
        12: iconst_1
        13: istore_1
        14: return
      Exception table:
         from    to  target type
             4     8    11   Class java/lang/Exception
      LineNumberTable:
        line 8: 0
        line 10: 4
        line 13: 8
        line 11: 11
        line 12: 12
        line 14: 14
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
           12       2     3     e   Ljava/lang/Exception;
            0      15     0  args   [Ljava/lang/String;
            2      13     1     a   I
            4      11     2     b   I
      StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 2
        frame_type = 255 /* full_frame */
          offset_delta = 11
          locals = [ class "[Ljava/lang/String;", int, int ]
          stack = [ class java/lang/Exception ]
        frame_type = 2 /* same */
}
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能夠看到有個異常表:性能

Exception table:
         from    to  target type
             4     8    11   Class java/lang/Exception
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from表示try catch的開始地址 to表示try catch的結束地址 target表示異常的處理起始位 type表示異常類名稱測試

代碼運行時出錯時,會先判斷出錯位置是否在from - to的範圍,若是是,則從target標誌位往下執行,若是沒有出錯,直接gotoreturn。能夠看出,若是代碼不出錯的話,性能幾乎是不受影響的,和正常的代碼執行是同樣的。ui

那異常處理耗時是什麼個概念呢?spa

實驗二:異常處理耗時測試

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 0,b=2;
        long startTime = System.nanoTime();
        for (int i = 10; i>0;i--){
            try {
                a = b/i;
            }catch (Exception e){
                a = 1;
            }finally {

            }
        }
        long runTime = System.nanoTime()-startTime;
        System.out.println(runTime);
    }
}
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我只須要把i>0改爲i>=0,程序遍會進行一次異常處理,由於除數不能爲0.code

我在修改以前(無異常運行),運行的結果是1133 修改以後(會出現除數爲0異常),運行結果是44177ip

固然,這個結果和cpu的算力有關,屢次運行結果相差無幾。資源

因此,能夠看出一旦程序進入到catch裏,是很是耗資源的。

那try catch 在for循環外面或者裏面,哪一個更好呢?

實驗三:for循環在try裏面

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 0,b=2;
        long startTime = System.nanoTime();
        try {
            for (int i = 10; i>=0;i--){
                    a = b/i;
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            a = 1;
        }finally {
            long runTime = System.nanoTime()-startTime;
            System.out.println(runTime);
        }
    }
}
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運行屢次的控制檯輸出:

46820     48708 54749  47953   46820  45310
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public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: (0x0009) ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=5, args_size=1
         0: iconst_0
         1: istore_1
         2: iconst_2
         3: istore_2
         4: bipush        10
         6: istore_3
         7: iload_3
         8: iflt          21
        11: iload_2
        12: iload_3
        13: idiv
        14: istore_1
        15: iinc          3, -1
        18: goto          7
        21: goto          35
        24: astore_3
        25: iconst_1
        26: istore_1
        27: goto          35
        30: astore        4
        32: aload         4
        34: athrow
        35: return
      Exception table:
         from    to  target type
             4    21    24   Class java/lang/Exception
             4    21    30   any
            24    27    30   any
            30    32    30   any
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實驗四:try在for循環外面

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 0,b=2;
        long startTime = System.nanoTime();
        for (int i = 10; i>=0;i--){
            try {
                a = b/i;
            }catch (Exception e){
                a = 1;
            }finally {

            }
        }
                long runTime = System.nanoTime()-startTime;
                System.out.println(runTime);
    }
}
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控制檯打印:

42289  47953  49463  45688  45310
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public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: (0x0009) ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=6, args_size=1
         0: iconst_0
         1: istore_1
         2: iconst_2
         3: istore_2
         4: bipush        10
         6: istore_3
         7: iload_3
         8: iflt          36
        11: iload_2
        12: iload_3
        13: idiv
        14: istore_1
        15: goto          30
        18: astore        4
        20: iconst_1
        21: istore_1
        22: goto          30
        25: astore        5
        27: aload         5
        29: athrow
        30: iinc          3, -1
        33: goto          7
        36: return
      Exception table:
         from    to  target type
            11    15    18   Class java/lang/Exception
            11    15    25   any
            18    22    25   any
            25    27    25   any
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綜合實驗三和實驗四,咱們發現不管從運行時長仍是從字節碼指令的角度看,它兩的性能能夠說是同樣的。並無你感受到的for循環裏放try代碼會冗餘、資源消耗加倍的問題。

可是從運行邏輯來看,兩個是有點不一樣的,實驗三中,由於for在try catch裏,因此jvm在編譯的時候,把異常處理放在for循環後面才進行。即:第24-27行;實驗四中,異常處理是在for循環內部的,即:第18-22行。大同小異。

以上僅我的測試觀點,若是有誤請在下方留言,謝謝!

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