Spring集成JUnit單元測試框架

一.JUnit介紹

JUnit是Java中最有名的單元測試框架，用於編寫和運行可重複的測試，多數Java的開發環境都已經集成了JUnit做爲單元測試的工具。好的單元測試能極大的提升開發效率和代碼質量。

測試類命名規則：被測試類+Test，如UserServiceTest
測試用例命名規則：test+用例方法，如testGet

Maven導入junit、sprint-test 、json-path相關測試包，並配置maven-suerfire-plugin插件，編輯pom.xml

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Test Unit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Json斷言測試 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
            <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 單元測試插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.20</version>
                <dependencies>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.surefire</groupId>
                        <artifactId>surefire-junit4</artifactId>
                        <version>2.20</version>
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
                <configuration>
                    <!-- 是否跳過測試 -->
                    <skipTests>false</skipTests>
                    <!-- 排除測試類 -->
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>**/Base*</exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

 

二.Service層測試示例

建立Service層測試基類，新建BaseServiceTest.java

// 配置Spring中的測試環境
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
// 指定Spring的配置文件路徑
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath*:/spring/applicationContext.xml"})
// 測試類開啓事務,須要指定事務管理器,默認測試完成後,數據庫操做自動回滾
@Transactional(transactionManager = "transactionManager")
// 指定數據庫操做不回滾,可選
@Rollback(value = false)
public class BaseServiceTest {
}

測試UserService類，新建測試類UserServiceTest.java

public class UserServiceTest extends BaseServiceTest {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserServiceTest.class);

    @Resource
    private UserService userService;

    @Test
    public void testGet() {
        UserDO userDO = userService.get(1);

        Assert.assertNotNull(userDO);
        LOGGER.info(userDO.getUsername());

        // 增長驗證斷言
        Assert.assertEquals("testGet faield", "Google", userDO.getUsername());
    }
}

 

三.Controller層測試示示例

建立Controller層測試基類，新建BaseControllerTest.java

// 配置Spring中的測試環境
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
// 指定測試環境使用的ApplicationContext是WebApplicationContext類型的
// value指定web應用的根
@WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp")
// 指定Spring容器層次和配置文件路徑
@ContextHierarchy({
        @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", locations = {"classpath*:/spring/applicationContext.xml"}),
        @ContextConfiguration(name = "child", locations = {"classpath*:/spring/applicationContext_mvc.xml"})
})
// 測試類開啓事務,須要指定事務管理器,默認測試完成後,數據庫操做自動回滾
@Transactional(transactionManager = "transactionManager")
// 指定數據庫操做不回滾,可選
@Rollback(value = false)
public class BaseControllerTest {
}

測試IndexController類，新建測試類IndexControllerTest.java

public class IndexControllerTest extends BaseControllerTest {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserServiceTest.class);

    // 注入webApplicationContext
    @Resource
    private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    // 初始化mockMvc,在每一個測試方法前執行
    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.webApplicationContext).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testIndex() throws Exception {
        /**
         * mockMvc.perform()執行一個請求
         * get("/server/get")構造一個請求
         * andExpect()添加驗證規則
         * andDo()添加一個結果處理器
         * andReturn()執行完成後返回結果
         */
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/server/get")
                .param("id", "1"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.username").value("Google"))
                .andDo(print())
                .andReturn();

        LOGGER.info(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());

        // 增長驗證斷言
        Assert.assertNotNull(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
    }
}

 

四.執行單元測試

工程測試目錄結構以下，運行mvn test命令，自動執行maven-suerfire-plugin插件

執行結果

 

五.異常狀況

執行測試用例時可能拋BeanCreationNotAllowedException異常

[11 20:47:18,133 WARN ] [Thread-3] (AbstractApplicationContext.java:994) - Exception thrown from ApplicationListener handling ContextClosedEvent
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationNotAllowedException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory': Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction (Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:216)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
    at org.springframework.context.event.AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.retrieveApplicationListeners(AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.java:235)
    at org.springframework.context.event.AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.getApplicationListeners(AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.java:192)
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:128)

 經過注入DefaultLifecycleProcessor解決，編輯resources/spring/applicationContext.xml

    <bean id="lifecycleProcessor" class="org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor">
        <property name="timeoutPerShutdownPhase" value="10000"/>
    </bean>