目錄css
簡化Spring應用開發的一個框架;html
整個Spring技術棧的一個大整合;前端
J2EE開發的一站式解決方案;java
2014,martin fowlermysql
微服務:架構風格(服務微化)react
一個應用應該是一組小型服務;能夠經過HTTP的方式進行互通;jquery
單體應用:ALL IN ONElinux
微服務:每個功能元素最終都是一個可獨立替換和獨立升級的軟件單元;git
詳細參照微服務文檔github
環境約束
–jdk1.8:Spring Boot 推薦jdk1.7及以上;java version "1.8.0_112"
–maven3.x:maven 3.3以上版本;Apache Maven 3.3.9
–IntelliJIDEA2017:IntelliJ IDEA 2017.2.2 x6四、STS
–SpringBoot 1.5.9.RELEASE:1.5.9;
統一環境;
給maven 的settings.xml配置文件的profiles標籤添加
<profile> <id>jdk-1.8</id> <activation> <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault> <jdk>1.8</jdk> </activation> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion> </properties> </profile>
整合maven進來;
一個功能:
瀏覽器發送hello請求,服務器接受請求並處理,響應Hello World字符串;
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
/** * @SpringBootApplication 來標註一個主程序類,說明這是一個Spring Boot應用 */ @SpringBootApplication public class HelloWorldMainApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { // Spring應用啓動起來 SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args); } }
@Controller public class HelloController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(){ return "Hello World!"; } }
<!-- 這個插件,能夠將應用打包成一個可執行的jar包;--> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
將這個應用打成jar包,直接使用java -jar的命令進行執行;
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> </parent> 他的父項目是 <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> <relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath> </parent> 他來真正管理Spring Boot應用裏面的全部依賴版本;
Spring Boot的版本仲裁中心;
之後咱們導入依賴默認是不須要寫版本;(沒有在dependencies裏面管理的依賴天然須要聲明版本號)
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
spring-boot-starter-==web==:
spring-boot-starter:spring-boot場景啓動器;幫咱們導入了web模塊正常運行所依賴的組件;
Spring Boot將全部的功能場景都抽取出來,作成一個個的starters(啓動器),只須要在項目裏面引入這些starter相關場景的全部依賴都會導入進來。要用什麼功能就導入什麼場景的啓動器
/** * @SpringBootApplication 來標註一個主程序類,說明這是一個Spring Boot應用 */ @SpringBootApplication public class HelloWorldMainApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { // Spring應用啓動起來 SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args); } }
@SpringBootApplication: Spring Boot應用標註在某個類上說明這個類是SpringBoot的主配置類,SpringBoot就應該運行這個類的main方法來啓動SpringBoot應用;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) }) public @interface SpringBootApplication {
@SpringBootConfiguration:Spring Boot的配置類;
標註在某個類上,表示這是一個Spring Boot的配置類; @**Configuration**:配置類上來標註這個註解; 配置類 ----- 配置文件;配置類也是容器中的一個組件;@Component
@EnableAutoConfiguration:開啓自動配置功能;
之前咱們須要配置的東西,Spring Boot幫咱們自動配置;@**EnableAutoConfiguration**告訴SpringBoot開啓自動配置功能;這樣自動配置才能生效;
@AutoConfigurationPackage @Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
@**AutoConfigurationPackage**:自動配置包 @**Import**(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class): Spring的底層註解@Import,給容器中導入一個組件;導入的組件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class;
==將主配置類(@SpringBootApplication標註的類)的所在包及下面全部子包裏面的全部組件掃描到Spring容器;==
@**Import**(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class); 給容器中導入組件? **EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector**:導入哪些組件的選擇器; 將全部須要導入的組件以全類名的方式返回;這些組件就會被添加到容器中; 會給容器中導入很是多的自動配置類(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是給容器中導入這個場景須要的全部組件,並配置好這些組件; ![自動配置類](images/搜狗截圖20180129224104.png)
有了自動配置類,免去了咱們手動編寫配置注入功能組件等的工做;
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class,classLoader);
==Spring Boot在啓動的時候從類路徑下的META-INF/spring.factories中獲取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值,將這些值做爲自動配置類導入到容器中,自動配置類就生效,幫咱們進行自動配置工做;==之前咱們須要本身配置的東西,自動配置類都幫咱們;
J2EE的總體整合解決方案和自動配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;
==Spring註解版()==
IDE都支持使用Spring的項目建立嚮導快速建立一個Spring Boot項目;
選擇咱們須要的模塊;嚮導會聯網建立Spring Boot項目;
默認生成的Spring Boot項目;
SpringBoot使用一個全局的配置文件,配置文件名是固定的;
•application.properties
•application.yml
配置文件的做用:修改SpringBoot自動配置的默認值;SpringBoot在底層都給咱們自動配置好;
YAML(YAML Ain't Markup Language)
YAML A Markup Language:是一個標記語言 YAML isn't Markup Language:不是一個標記語言;
標記語言:
之前的配置文件;大多都使用的是 **xxxx.xml**文件; YAML:**以數據爲中心**,比json、xml等更適合作配置文件; YAML:配置例子
server: port: 8081
XML:
<server> <port>8081</port> </server>
k:(空格)v:表示一對鍵值對(空格必須有);
以空格的縮進來控制層級關係;只要是左對齊的一列數據,都是同一個層級的
server: port: 8081 path: /hello
屬性和值也是大小寫敏感;
k: v:字面直接來寫; 字符串默認不用加上單引號或者雙引號; "":雙引號;不會轉義字符串裏面的特殊字符;特殊字符會做爲自己想表示的意思 name: "zhangsan \n lisi":輸出;zhangsan 換行 lisi '':單引號;會轉義特殊字符,特殊字符最終只是一個普通的字符串數據 name: ‘zhangsan \n lisi’:輸出;zhangsan \n lisi
k: v:在下一行來寫對象的屬性和值的關係;注意縮進 對象仍是k: v的方式
friends: lastName: zhangsan age: 20
行內寫法:
friends: {lastName: zhangsan,age: 18}
用- 值表示數組中的一個元素
pets: - cat - dog - pig
行內寫法
pets: [cat,dog,pig]
配置文件
person: lastName: hello age: 18 boss: false birth: 2017/12/12 maps: {k1: v1,k2: 12} lists: - lisi - zhaoliu dog: name: 小狗 age: 12
javaBean:
/** * 將配置文件中配置的每個屬性的值,映射到這個組件中 * @ConfigurationProperties:告訴SpringBoot將本類中的全部屬性和配置文件中相關的配置進行綁定; * prefix = "person":配置文件中哪一個下面的全部屬性進行一一映射 * * 只有這個組件是容器中的組件,才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能; * */ @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") public class Person { private String lastName; private Integer age; private Boolean boss; private Date birth; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> lists; private Dog dog;
咱們能夠導入配置文件處理器,之後編寫配置就有提示了
<!--導入配置文件處理器,配置文件進行綁定就會有提示--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency>
調整
@ConfigurationProperties | @Value | |
---|---|---|
功能 | 批量注入配置文件中的屬性 | 一個個指定 |
鬆散綁定(鬆散語法) | 支持 | 不支持 |
SpEL | 不支持 | 支持 |
JSR303數據校驗 | 支持 | 不支持 |
複雜類型封裝 | 支持 | 不支持 |
配置文件yml仍是properties他們都能獲取到值;
若是說,咱們只是在某個業務邏輯中須要獲取一下配置文件中的某項值,使用@Value;
若是說,咱們專門編寫了一個javaBean來和配置文件進行映射,咱們就直接使用@ConfigurationProperties;
@Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") @Validated public class Person { /** * <bean class="Person"> * <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}從環境變量、配置文件中獲取值/#{SpEL}"></property> * <bean/> */ //lastName必須是郵箱格式 @Email //@Value("${person.last-name}") private String lastName; //@Value("#{11*2}") private Integer age; //@Value("true") private Boolean boss; private Date birth; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> lists; private Dog dog;
@PropertySource:加載指定的配置文件;
/** * 將配置文件中配置的每個屬性的值,映射到這個組件中 * @ConfigurationProperties:告訴SpringBoot將本類中的全部屬性和配置文件中相關的配置進行綁定; * prefix = "person":配置文件中哪一個下面的全部屬性進行一一映射 * * 只有這個組件是容器中的組件,才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能; * @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")默認從全局配置文件中獲取值; * */ @PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"}) @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") //@Validated public class Person { /** * <bean class="Person"> * <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}從環境變量、配置文件中獲取值/#{SpEL}"></property> * <bean/> */ //lastName必須是郵箱格式 // @Email //@Value("${person.last-name}") private String lastName; //@Value("#{11*2}") private Integer age; //@Value("true") private Boolean boss;
@ImportResource:導入Spring的配置文件,讓配置文件裏面的內容生效;
Spring Boot裏面沒有Spring的配置文件,咱們本身編寫的配置文件,也不能自動識別;
想讓Spring的配置文件生效,加載進來;@ImportResource標註在一個配置類上
@ImportResource(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml"}) 導入Spring的配置文件讓其生效
不來編寫Spring的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="helloService" class="com.atguigu.springboot.service.HelloService"></bean> </beans>
SpringBoot推薦給容器中添加組件的方式;推薦使用全註解的方式
一、配置類@Configuration------>Spring配置文件
二、使用@Bean給容器中添加組件
/** * @Configuration:指明當前類是一個配置類;就是來替代以前的Spring配置文件 * * 在配置文件中用<bean><bean/>標籤添加組件 * */ @Configuration public class MyAppConfig { //將方法的返回值添加到容器中;容器中這個組件默認的id就是方法名 @Bean public HelloService helloService02(){ System.out.println("配置類@Bean給容器中添加組件了..."); return new HelloService(); } }
${random.value}、${random.int}、${random.long} ${random.int(10)}、${random.int[1024,65536]}
person.last-name=張三${random.uuid} person.age=${random.int} person.birth=2017/12/15 person.boss=false person.maps.k1=v1 person.maps.k2=14 person.lists=a,b,c person.dog.name=${person.hello:hello}_dog person.dog.age=15
咱們在主配置文件編寫的時候,文件名能夠是 application-{profile}.properties/yml
默認使用application.properties的配置;
server: port: 8081 spring: profiles: active: prod --- server: port: 8083 spring: profiles: dev --- server: port: 8084 spring: profiles: prod #指定屬於哪一個環境
一、在配置文件中指定 spring.profiles.active=dev 二、命令行: java -jar spring-boot-02-config-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev; 能夠直接在測試的時候,配置傳入命令行參數 三、虛擬機參數; -Dspring.profiles.active=dev
springboot 啓動會掃描如下位置的application.properties或者application.yml文件做爲Spring boot的默認配置文件
–file:./config/
–file:./
–classpath:/config/
–classpath:/
優先級由高到底,高優先級的配置會覆蓋低優先級的配置;
SpringBoot會從這四個位置所有加載主配置文件;互補配置;
==咱們還能夠經過spring.config.location來改變默認的配置文件位置==
項目打包好之後,咱們可使用命令行參數的形式,啓動項目的時候來指定配置文件的新位置;指定配置文件和默認加載的這些配置文件共同起做用造成互補配置;
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.config.location=G:/application.properties
==SpringBoot也能夠從如下位置加載配置; 優先級從高到低;高優先級的配置覆蓋低優先級的配置,全部的配置會造成互補配置==
1.命令行參數
全部的配置均可以在命令行上進行指定
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8087 --server.context-path=/abc
多個配置用空格分開; --配置項=值
2.來自java:comp/env的JNDI屬性
3.Java系統屬性(System.getProperties())
4.操做系統環境變量
5.RandomValuePropertySource配置的random.*屬性值
==由jar包外向jar包內進行尋找;==
==優先加載帶profile==
6.jar包外部的application-{profile}.properties或application.yml(帶spring.profile)配置文件
7.jar包內部的application-{profile}.properties或application.yml(帶spring.profile)配置文件
==再來加載不帶profile==
8.jar包外部的application.properties或application.yml(不帶spring.profile)配置文件
9.jar包內部的application.properties或application.yml(不帶spring.profile)配置文件
10.@Configuration註解類上的@PropertySource
11.經過SpringApplication.setDefaultProperties指定的默認屬性
全部支持的配置加載來源;
配置文件到底能寫什麼?怎麼寫?自動配置原理;
1)、SpringBoot啓動的時候加載主配置類,開啓了自動配置功能 ==@EnableAutoConfiguration==
2)、@EnableAutoConfiguration 做用:
利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector給容器中導入一些組件?
能夠查看selectImports()方法的內容;
List
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames() 掃描全部jar包類路徑下 META-INF/spring.factories 把掃描到的這些文件的內容包裝成properties對象 從properties中獲取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class類(類名)對應的值,而後把他們添加在容器中
==將 類路徑下 META-INF/spring.factories 裏面配置的全部EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中;==
# Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration
每個這樣的 xxxAutoConfiguration類都是容器中的一個組件,都加入到容器中;用他們來作自動配置;
3)、每個自動配置類進行自動配置功能;
4)、以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(Http編碼自動配置)爲例解釋自動配置原理;
@Configuration //表示這是一個配置類,之前編寫的配置文件同樣,也能夠給容器中添加組件 @EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class) //啓動指定類的ConfigurationProperties功能;將配置文件中對應的值和HttpEncodingProperties綁定起來;並把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中 @ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底層@Conditional註解(Spring註解版),根據不一樣的條件,若是知足指定的條件,整個配置類裏面的配置就會生效; 判斷當前應用是不是web應用,若是是,當前配置類生效 @ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判斷當前項目有沒有這個類CharacterEncodingFilter;SpringMVC中進行亂碼解決的過濾器; @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true) //判斷配置文件中是否存在某個配置 spring.http.encoding.enabled;若是不存在,判斷也是成立的 //即便咱們配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true,也是默認生效的; public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration { //他已經和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了 private final HttpEncodingProperties properties; //只有一個有參構造器的狀況下,參數的值就會從容器中拿 public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) { this.properties = properties; } @Bean //給容器中添加一個組件,這個組件的某些值須要從properties中獲取 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判斷容器沒有這個組件? public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() { CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter(); filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name()); filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST)); filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE)); return filter; }
根據當前不一樣的條件判斷,決定這個配置類是否生效?
一但這個配置類生效;這個配置類就會給容器中添加各類組件;這些組件的屬性是從對應的properties類中獲取的,這些類裏面的每個屬性又是和配置文件綁定的;
5)、全部在配置文件中能配置的屬性都是在xxxxProperties類中封裝者‘;配置文件能配置什麼就能夠參照某個功能對應的這個屬性類
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding") //從配置文件中獲取指定的值和bean的屬性進行綁定 public class HttpEncodingProperties { public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
精髓:
**1)、SpringBoot啓動會加載大量的自動配置類** **2)、咱們看咱們須要的功能有沒有SpringBoot默認寫好的自動配置類;** **3)、咱們再來看這個自動配置類中到底配置了哪些組件;(只要咱們要用的組件有,咱們就不須要再來配置了)** **4)、給容器中自動配置類添加組件的時候,會從properties類中獲取某些屬性。咱們就能夠在配置文件中指定這些屬性的值;**
xxxxAutoConfigurartion:自動配置類;
給容器中添加組件
xxxxProperties:封裝配置文件中相關屬性;
做用:必須是@Conditional指定的條件成立,纔給容器中添加組件,配置配裏面的全部內容才生效;
@Conditional擴展註解 | 做用(判斷是否知足當前指定條件) |
---|---|
@ConditionalOnJava | 系統的java版本是否符合要求 |
@ConditionalOnBean | 容器中存在指定Bean; |
@ConditionalOnMissingBean | 容器中不存在指定Bean; |
@ConditionalOnExpression | 知足SpEL表達式指定 |
@ConditionalOnClass | 系統中有指定的類 |
@ConditionalOnMissingClass | 系統中沒有指定的類 |
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate | 容器中只有一個指定的Bean,或者這個Bean是首選Bean |
@ConditionalOnProperty | 系統中指定的屬性是否有指定的值 |
@ConditionalOnResource | 類路徑下是否存在指定資源文件 |
@ConditionalOnWebApplication | 當前是web環境 |
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication | 當前不是web環境 |
@ConditionalOnJndi | JNDI存在指定項 |
自動配置類必須在必定的條件下才能生效;
咱們怎麼知道哪些自動配置類生效;
==咱們能夠經過啓用 debug=true屬性;來讓控制檯打印自動配置報告==,這樣咱們就能夠很方便的知道哪些自動配置類生效;
========================= AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT ========================= Positive matches:(自動配置類啓用的) ----------------- DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched: - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition) - @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment (OnWebApplicationCondition) Negative matches:(沒有啓動,沒有匹配成功的自動配置類) ----------------- ActiveMQAutoConfiguration: Did not match: - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition) AopAutoConfiguration: Did not match: - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition)
小張;開發一個大型系統;
一、System.out.println("");將關鍵數據打印在控制檯;去掉?寫在一個文件? 二、框架來記錄系統的一些運行時信息;日誌框架 ; zhanglogging.jar; 三、高大上的幾個功能?異步模式?自動歸檔?xxxx? zhanglogging-good.jar? 四、將之前框架卸下來?換上新的框架,從新修改以前相關的API;zhanglogging-prefect.jar; 五、JDBC---數據庫驅動; 寫了一個統一的接口層;日誌門面(日誌的一個抽象層);logging-abstract.jar; 給項目中導入具體的日誌實現就好了;咱們以前的日誌框架都是實現的抽象層;
市面上的日誌框架;
JUL、JCL、Jboss-logging、logback、log4j、log4j二、slf4j....
日誌門面 (日誌的抽象層) | 日誌實現 |
---|---|
Log4j JUL(java.util.logging) Log4j2 Logback |
左邊選一個門面(抽象層)、右邊來選一個實現;
日誌門面: SLF4J;
日誌實現:Logback;
SpringBoot:底層是Spring框架,Spring框架默認是用JCL;‘
**==SpringBoot選用 SLF4j和logback;==**
之後開發的時候,日誌記錄方法的調用,不該該來直接調用日誌的實現類,而是調用日誌抽象層裏面的方法;
給系統裏面導入slf4j的jar和 logback的實現jar
import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class); logger.info("Hello World"); } }
圖示;
每個日誌的實現框架都有本身的配置文件。使用slf4j之後,配置文件仍是作成日誌實現框架本身自己的配置文件;
a(slf4j+logback): Spring(commons-logging)、Hibernate(jboss-logging)、MyBatis、xxxx
統一日誌記錄,即便是別的框架和我一塊兒統一使用slf4j進行輸出?
如何讓系統中全部的日誌都統一到slf4j;
==一、將系統中其餘日誌框架先排除出去;==
==二、用中間包來替換原有的日誌框架;==
==三、咱們導入slf4j其餘的實現==
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency>
SpringBoot使用它來作日誌功能;
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId> </dependency>
底層依賴關係
總結:
1)、SpringBoot底層也是使用slf4j+logback的方式進行日誌記錄 2)、SpringBoot也把其餘的日誌都替換成了slf4j; 3)、中間替換包?
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") public abstract class LogFactory { static String UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION_IN_JCL_OVER_SLF4J = "http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#unsupported_operation_in_jcl_over_slf4j"; static LogFactory logFactory = new SLF4JLogFactory();
4)、若是咱們要引入其餘框架?必定要把這個框架的默認日誌依賴移除掉? Spring框架用的是commons-logging;
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency>
==SpringBoot能自動適配全部的日誌,並且底層使用slf4j+logback的方式記錄日誌,引入其餘框架的時候,只須要把這個框架依賴的日誌框架排除掉便可;==
SpringBoot默認幫咱們配置好了日誌;
//記錄器 Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass()); @Test public void contextLoads() { //System.out.println(); //日誌的級別; //由低到高 trace<debug<info<warn<error //能夠調整輸出的日誌級別;日誌就只會在這個級別以之後的高級別生效 logger.trace("這是trace日誌..."); logger.debug("這是debug日誌..."); //SpringBoot默認給咱們使用的是info級別的,沒有指定級別的就用SpringBoot默認規定的級別;root級別 logger.info("這是info日誌..."); logger.warn("這是warn日誌..."); logger.error("這是error日誌..."); }
日誌輸出格式: %d表示日期時間, %thread表示線程名, %-5level:級別從左顯示5個字符寬度 %logger{50} 表示logger名字最長50個字符,不然按照句點分割。 %msg:日誌消息, %n是換行符 --> %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
SpringBoot修改日誌的默認配置
logging.level.com.atguigu=trace #logging.path= # 不指定路徑在當前項目下生成springboot.log日誌 # 能夠指定完整的路徑; #logging.file=G:/springboot.log # 在當前磁盤的根路徑下建立spring文件夾和裏面的log文件夾;使用 spring.log 做爲默認文件 logging.path=/spring/log # 在控制檯輸出的日誌的格式 logging.pattern.console=%d{yyyy-MM-dd} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n # 指定文件中日誌輸出的格式 logging.pattern.file=%d{yyyy-MM-dd} === [%thread] === %-5level === %logger{50} ==== %msg%n
logging.file | logging.path | Example | Description |
---|---|---|---|
(none) | (none) | 只在控制檯輸出 | |
指定文件名 | (none) | my.log | 輸出日誌到my.log文件 |
(none) | 指定目錄 | /var/log | 輸出到指定目錄的 spring.log 文件中 |
給類路徑下放上每一個日誌框架本身的配置文件便可;SpringBoot就不使用他默認配置的了
Logging System | Customization |
---|---|
Logback | logback-spring.xml , logback-spring.groovy , logback.xml or logback.groovy |
Log4j2 | log4j2-spring.xml or log4j2.xml |
JDK (Java Util Logging) | logging.properties |
logback.xml:直接就被日誌框架識別了;
logback-spring.xml:日誌框架就不直接加載日誌的配置項,由SpringBoot解析日誌配置,可使用SpringBoot的高級Profile功能
<springProfile name="staging"> <!-- configuration to be enabled when the "staging" profile is active --> 能夠指定某段配置只在某個環境下生效 </springProfile>
如:
<appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> <!-- 日誌輸出格式: %d表示日期時間, %thread表示線程名, %-5level:級別從左顯示5個字符寬度 %logger{50} 表示logger名字最長50個字符,不然按照句點分割。 %msg:日誌消息, %n是換行符 --> <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout"> <springProfile name="dev"> <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} ----> [%thread] ---> %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern> </springProfile> <springProfile name="!dev"> <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} ==== [%thread] ==== %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern> </springProfile> </layout> </appender>
若是使用logback.xml做爲日誌配置文件,還要使用profile功能,會有如下錯誤
no applicable action for [springProfile]
能夠按照slf4j的日誌適配圖,進行相關的切換;
slf4j+log4j的方式;
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> </dependency>
切換爲log4j2
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId> </dependency>
使用SpringBoot;
1)、建立SpringBoot應用,選中咱們須要的模塊;
2)、SpringBoot已經默認將這些場景配置好了,只須要在配置文件中指定少許配置就能夠運行起來
3)、本身編寫業務代碼;
自動配置原理?
這個場景SpringBoot幫咱們配置了什麼?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能擴展?xxx
xxxxAutoConfiguration:幫咱們給容器中自動配置組件; xxxxProperties:配置類來封裝配置文件的內容;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false) public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware { //能夠設置和靜態資源有關的參數,緩存時間等
WebMvcAuotConfiguration: @Override public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled"); return; } Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**") .addResourceLocations( "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/") .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); //靜態資源文件夾映射 if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations( this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } } //配置歡迎頁映射 @Bean public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping( ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern()); } //配置喜歡的圖標 @Configuration @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true) public static class FaviconConfiguration { private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties; public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties; } @Bean public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() { SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping(); mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1); //全部 **/favicon.ico mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", faviconRequestHandler())); return mapping; } @Bean public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() { ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler(); requestHandler .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()); return requestHandler; } }
==1)、全部 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找資源;==
webjars:以jar包的方式引入靜態資源;
http://www.webjars.org/
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在訪問的時候只須要寫webjars下面資源的名稱便可 <dependency> <groupId>org.webjars</groupId> <artifactId>jquery</artifactId> <version>3.3.1</version> </dependency>
==2)、"/**" 訪問當前項目的任何資源,都去(靜態資源的文件夾)找映射==
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" "/":當前項目的根路徑
localhost:8080/abc === 去靜態資源文件夾裏面找abc
==3)、歡迎頁; 靜態資源文件夾下的全部index.html頁面;被"/**"映射;==
localhost:8080/ 找index頁面
==4)、全部的 **/favicon.ico 都是在靜態資源文件下找;==
JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推薦的Thymeleaf;
語法更簡單,功能更強大;
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> 2.1.6 </dependency> 切換thymeleaf版本 <properties> <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version> <!-- 佈局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 --> <!-- thymeleaf2 layout1--> <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version> </properties>
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf") public class ThymeleafProperties { private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8"); private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html"); public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/"; public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html"; //
只要咱們把HTML頁面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自動渲染;
使用:
一、導入thymeleaf的名稱空間
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
二、使用thymeleaf語法;
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>成功!</h1> <!--th:text 將div裏面的文本內容設置爲 --> <div th:text="${hello}">這是顯示歡迎信息</div> </body> </html>
1)、th:text;改變當前元素裏面的文本內容;
th:任意html屬性;來替換原生屬性的值
2)、表達式?
Simple expressions:(表達式語法) Variable Expressions: ${...}:獲取變量值;OGNL; 1)、獲取對象的屬性、調用方法 2)、使用內置的基本對象: #ctx : the context object. #vars: the context variables. #locale : the context locale. #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object. #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object. #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object. #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object. ${session.foo} 3)、內置的一些工具對象: #execInfo : information about the template being processed. #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax. #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any). #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc. #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects. #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects. #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc. #objects : methods for objects in general. #bools : methods for boolean evaluation. #arrays : methods for arrays. #lists : methods for lists. #sets : methods for sets. #maps : methods for maps. #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections. #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration). Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:選擇表達式:和${}在功能上是同樣; 補充:配合 th:object="${session.user}: <div th:object="${session.user}"> <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div> Message Expressions: #{...}:獲取國際化內容 Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定義URL; @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')} Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片斷引用表達式 <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div> Literals(字面量) Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,… Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,… Boolean literals: true , false Null literal: null Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,… Text operations:(文本操做) String concatenation: + Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}| Arithmetic operations:(數學運算) Binary operators: + , - , * , / , % Minus sign (unary operator): - Boolean operations:(布爾運算) Binary operators: and , or Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not Comparisons and equality:(比較運算) Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le ) Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne ) Conditional operators:條件運算(三元運算符) If-then: (if) ? (then) If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else) Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue) Special tokens: No-Operation: _
https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developing-web-applications
Spring Boot 自動配置好了SpringMVC
如下是SpringBoot對SpringMVC的默認配置:==(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)==
Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
and BeanNameViewResolver
beans.
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).靜態資源文件夾路徑,webjars
Static index.html
support. 靜態首頁訪問
Custom Favicon
support (see below). favicon.ico
自動註冊了 of Converter
, GenericConverter
, Formatter
beans.
Formatter
格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;@Bean @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的規則 public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() { return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化組件 }
==本身添加的格式化器轉換器,咱們只須要放在容器中便可==
Support for HttpMessageConverters
(see below).
HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用來轉換Http請求和響應的;User---Json;
HttpMessageConverters
是從容器中肯定;獲取全部的HttpMessageConverter;
==本身給容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只須要將本身的組件註冊容器中(@Bean,@Component)==
Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver
(see below).定義錯誤代碼生成規則
Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer
bean (see below).
==咱們能夠配置一個ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer來替換默認的;(添加到容器)==
初始化WebDataBinder; 請求數據=====JavaBean;
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的全部自動場景;
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration
class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter
, but without @EnableWebMvc
. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping
, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter
instance providing such components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration
annotated with @EnableWebMvc
.
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/> <bean></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
==編寫一個配置類(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter類型;不能標註@EnableWebMvc==;
既保留了全部的自動配置,也能用咱們擴展的配置;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能夠來擴展SpringMVC的功能 @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // super.addViewControllers(registry); //瀏覽器發送 /atguigu 請求來到 success registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success"); } }
原理:
1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自動配置類 2)、在作其餘自動配置時會導入;@Import(**EnableWebMvcConfiguration**.class)
@Configuration public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration { private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite(); //從容器中獲取全部的WebMvcConfigurer @Autowired(required = false) public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) { if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) { this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers); //一個參考實現;將全部的WebMvcConfigurer相關配置都來一塊兒調用; @Override // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) { // delegate.addViewControllers(registry); // } } } }
3)、容器中全部的WebMvcConfigurer都會一塊兒起做用; 4)、咱們的配置類也會被調用; 效果:SpringMVC的自動配置和咱們的擴展配置都會起做用;
SpringBoot對SpringMVC的自動配置不須要了,全部都是咱們本身配置;全部的SpringMVC的自動配置都失效了
咱們須要在配置類中添加@EnableWebMvc便可;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能夠來擴展SpringMVC的功能 @EnableWebMvc @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // super.addViewControllers(registry); //瀏覽器發送 /atguigu 請求來到 success registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success"); } }
原理:
爲何@EnableWebMvc自動配置就失效了;
1)@EnableWebMvc的核心
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class) public @interface EnableWebMvc {
2)、
@Configuration public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
3)、
@Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class }) //容器中沒有這個組件的時候,這個自動配置類才生效 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class) @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10) @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class }) public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
4)、@EnableWebMvc將WebMvcConfigurationSupport組件導入進來;
5)、導入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;
模式:
1)、SpringBoot在自動配置不少組件的時候,先看容器中有沒有用戶本身配置的(@Bean、@Component)若是有就用用戶配置的,若是沒有,才自動配置;若是有些組件能夠有多個(ViewResolver)將用戶配置的和本身默認的組合起來; 2)、在SpringBoot中會有很是多的xxxConfigurer幫助咱們進行擴展配置 3)、在SpringBoot中會有不少的xxxCustomizer幫助咱們進行定製配置
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能夠來擴展SpringMVC的功能 //@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // super.addViewControllers(registry); //瀏覽器發送 /atguigu 請求來到 success registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success"); } //全部的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會一塊兒起做用 @Bean //將組件註冊在容器 public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){ WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login"); registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login"); } }; return adapter; } }
1)、編寫國際化配置文件;
2)、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理國際化資源文件
3)、在頁面使用fmt:message取出國際化內容
步驟:
1)、編寫國際化配置文件,抽取頁面須要顯示的國際化消息
2)、SpringBoot自動配置好了管理國際化資源文件的組件;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages") public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration { /** * Comma-separated list of basenames (essentially a fully-qualified classpath * location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for * slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as * "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root. */ private String basename = "messages"; //咱們的配置文件能夠直接放在類路徑下叫messages.properties; @Bean public MessageSource messageSource() { ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource(); if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) { //設置國際化資源文件的基礎名(去掉語言國家代碼的) messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray( StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename))); } if (this.encoding != null) { messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name()); } messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale); messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds); messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat); return messageSource; }
3)、去頁面獲取國際化的值;
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="author" content=""> <title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title> <!-- Bootstrap core CSS --> <link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- Custom styles for this template --> <link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body class="text-center"> <form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html"> <img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72"> <h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1> <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus=""> <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required=""> <div class="checkbox mb-3"> <label> <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"/> [[#{login.remember}]] </label> </div> <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button> <p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p> <a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a> <a class="btn btn-sm">English</a> </form> </body> </html>
效果:根據瀏覽器語言設置的信息切換了國際化;
原理:
國際化Locale(區域信息對象);LocaleResolver(獲取區域信息對象);
@Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale") public LocaleResolver localeResolver() { if (this.mvcProperties .getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) { return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale()); } AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver(); localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale()); return localeResolver; } 默認的就是根據請求頭帶來的區域信息獲取Locale進行國際化
4)、點擊連接切換國際化
/** * 能夠在鏈接上攜帶區域信息 */ public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver { @Override public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) { String l = request.getParameter("l"); Locale locale = Locale.getDefault(); if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){ String[] split = l.split("_"); locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]); } return locale; } @Override public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) { } } @Bean public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){ return new MyLocaleResolver(); } }
開發期間模板引擎頁面修改之後,要實時生效
1)、禁用模板引擎的緩存
# 禁用緩存 spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
2)、頁面修改完成之後ctrl+f9:從新編譯;
登錄錯誤消息的顯示
<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
攔截器
/** * 登錄檢查, */ public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { //目標方法執行以前 @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser"); if(user == null){ //未登錄,返回登錄頁面 request.setAttribute("msg","沒有權限請先登錄"); request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response); return false; }else{ //已登錄,放行請求 return true; } } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { } }
註冊攔截器
//全部的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會一塊兒起做用 @Bean //將組件註冊在容器 public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){ WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login"); registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login"); registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard"); } //註冊攔截器 @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { //super.addInterceptors(registry); //靜態資源; *.css , *.js //SpringBoot已經作好了靜態資源映射 registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**") .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login"); } }; return adapter; }
實驗要求:
1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD知足Rest風格;
URI: /資源名稱/資源標識 HTTP請求方式區分對資源CRUD操做
普通CRUD(uri來區分操做) | RestfulCRUD | |
---|---|---|
查詢 | getEmp | emp---GET |
添加 | addEmp?xxx | emp---POST |
修改 | updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx | emp/{id}---PUT |
刪除 | deleteEmp?id=1 | emp/{id}---DELETE |
2)、實驗的請求架構;
實驗功能 | 請求URI | 請求方式 |
---|---|---|
查詢全部員工 | emps | GET |
查詢某個員工(來到修改頁面) | emp/1 | GET |
來到添加頁面 | emp | GET |
添加員工 | emp | POST |
來到修改頁面(查出員工進行信息回顯) | emp/1 | GET |
修改員工 | emp | PUT |
刪除員工 | emp/1 | DELETE |
3)、員工列表:
一、抽取公共片斷 <div th:fragment="copy"> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </div> 二、引入公共片斷 <div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div> ~{templatename::selector}:模板名::選擇器 ~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片斷名 三、默認效果: insert的公共片斷在div標籤中 若是使用th:insert等屬性進行引入,能夠不用寫~{}: 行內寫法能夠加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];
三種引入公共片斷的th屬性:
th:insert:將公共片斷整個插入到聲明引入的元素中
th:replace:將聲明引入的元素替換爲公共片斷
th:include:將被引入的片斷的內容包含進這個標籤中
<footer th:fragment="copy"> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer> 引入方式 <div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div> <div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div> <div th:include="footer :: copy"></div> 效果 <div> <footer> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer> </div> <footer> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer> <div> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </div>
引入片斷的時候傳入參數:
<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar"> <div class="sidebar-sticky"> <ul class="nav flex-column"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}" href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home"> <path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path> <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline> </svg> Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span> </a> </li> <!--引入側邊欄;傳入參數--> <div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>
添加頁面
<form> <div class="form-group"> <label>LastName</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Email</label> <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Gender</label><br/> <div class="form-check form-check-inline"> <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1"> <label class="form-check-label">男</label> </div> <div class="form-check form-check-inline"> <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0"> <label class="form-check-label">女</label> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>department</label> <select class="form-control"> <option>1</option> <option>2</option> <option>3</option> <option>4</option> <option>5</option> </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Birth</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button> </form>
提交的數據格式不對:生日:日期;
2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;
日期的格式化;SpringMVC將頁面提交的值須要轉換爲指定的類型;
2017-12-12---Date; 類型轉換,格式化;
默認日期是按照/的方式;
修改添加二合一表單
<!--須要區分是員工修改仍是添加;--> <form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post"> <!--發送put請求修改員工數據--> <!-- 一、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自動配置好的) 二、頁面建立一個post表單 三、建立一個input項,name="_method";值就是咱們指定的請求方式 --> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/> <input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}"> <div class="form-group"> <label>LastName</label> <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Email</label> <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Gender</label><br/> <div class="form-check form-check-inline"> <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}"> <label class="form-check-label">男</label> </div> <div class="form-check form-check-inline"> <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}"> <label class="form-check-label">女</label> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>department</label> <!--提交的是部門的id--> <select class="form-control" name="department.id"> <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option> </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Birth</label> <input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button> </form>
<tr th:each="emp:${emps}"> <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td> <td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td> <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td> <td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td> <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td> <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td> <td> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">編輯</a> <button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">刪除</button> </td> </tr> <script> $(".deleteBtn").click(function(){ //刪除當前員工的 $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit(); return false; }); </script>
默認效果:
1)、瀏覽器,返回一個默認的錯誤頁面
瀏覽器發送請求的請求頭:
2)、若是是其餘客戶端,默認響應一個json數據
![](images/搜狗截圖20180226180504.png)
原理:
能夠參照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;錯誤處理的自動配置;
給容器中添加了如下組件
一、DefaultErrorAttributes:
幫咱們在頁面共享信息; @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>(); errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date()); addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); return errorAttributes; }
二、BasicErrorController:處理默認/error請求
@Controller @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}") public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController { @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//產生html類型的數據;瀏覽器發送的請求來到這個方法處理 public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes( request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); response.setStatus(status.value()); //去哪一個頁面做爲錯誤頁面;包含頁面地址和頁面內容 ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView); } @RequestMapping @ResponseBody //產生json數據,其餘客戶端來到這個方法處理; public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) { Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL)); HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status); }
三、ErrorPageCustomizer:
@Value("${error.path:/error}") private String path = "/error"; 系統出現錯誤之後來到error請求進行處理;(web.xml註冊的錯誤頁面規則)
四、DefaultErrorViewResolver:
@Override public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model); if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) { modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model); } return modelAndView; } private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) { //默認SpringBoot能夠去找到一個頁面? error/404 String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName; //模板引擎能夠解析這個頁面地址就用模板引擎解析 TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext); if (provider != null) { //模板引擎可用的狀況下返回到errorViewName指定的視圖地址 return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model); } //模板引擎不可用,就在靜態資源文件夾下找errorViewName對應的頁面 error/404.html return resolveResource(errorViewName, model); }
步驟: 一但系統出現4xx或者5xx之類的錯誤;ErrorPageCustomizer就會生效(定製錯誤的響應規則);就會來到/error請求;就會被**BasicErrorController**處理; 1)響應頁面;去哪一個頁面是由**DefaultErrorViewResolver**解析獲得的;
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { //全部的ErrorViewResolver獲得ModelAndView for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model); if (modelAndView != null) { return modelAndView; } } return null; }
**1)、有模板引擎的狀況下;error/狀態碼;** 【將錯誤頁面命名爲 錯誤狀態碼.html 放在模板引擎文件夾裏面的 error文件夾下】,發生此狀態碼的錯誤就會來到 對應的頁面; 咱們可使用4xx和5xx做爲錯誤頁面的文件名來匹配這種類型的全部錯誤,精確優先(優先尋找精確的狀態碼.html); 頁面能獲取的信息; timestamp:時間戳 status:狀態碼 error:錯誤提示 exception:異常對象 message:異常消息 errors:JSR303數據校驗的錯誤都在這裏 2)、沒有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到這個錯誤頁面),靜態資源文件夾下找; 3)、以上都沒有錯誤頁面,就是默認來到SpringBoot默認的錯誤提示頁面;
1)、自定義異常處理&返回定製json數據;
@ControllerAdvice public class MyExceptionHandler { @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){ Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("code","user.notexist"); map.put("message",e.getMessage()); return map; } } //沒有自適應效果...
2)、轉發到/error進行自適應響應效果處理
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){ Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); //傳入咱們本身的錯誤狀態碼 4xx 5xx,不然就不會進入定製錯誤頁面的解析流程 /** * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code"); */ request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500); map.put("code","user.notexist"); map.put("message",e.getMessage()); //轉發到/error return "forward:/error"; }
出現錯誤之後,會來到/error請求,會被BasicErrorController處理,響應出去能夠獲取的數據是由getErrorAttributes獲得的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)規定的方法);
一、徹底來編寫一個ErrorController的實現類【或者是編寫AbstractErrorController的子類】,放在容器中; 二、頁面上能用的數據,或者是json返回能用的數據都是經過errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes獲得; 容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默認進行數據處理的;
自定義ErrorAttributes
//給容器中加入咱們本身定義的ErrorAttributes @Component public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes { @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); map.put("company","atguigu"); return map; } }
最終的效果:響應是自適應的,能夠經過定製ErrorAttributes改變須要返回的內容,
SpringBoot默認使用Tomcat做爲嵌入式的Servlet容器;
問題?
一、修改和server有關的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);
server.port=8081 server.context-path=/crud server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8 //通用的Servlet容器設置 server.xxx //Tomcat的設置 server.tomcat.xxx
二、編寫一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定製器;來修改Servlet容器的配置
@Bean //必定要將這個定製器加入到容器中 public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){ return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() { //定製嵌入式的Servlet容器相關的規則 @Override public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) { container.setPort(8083); } }; }
因爲SpringBoot默認是以jar包的方式啓動嵌入式的Servlet容器來啓動SpringBoot的web應用,沒有web.xml文件。
註冊三大組件用如下方式
ServletRegistrationBean
//註冊三大組件 @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){ ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet"); return registrationBean; }
FilterRegistrationBean
@Bean public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){ FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter()); registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet")); return registrationBean; }
ServletListenerRegistrationBean
@Bean public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){ ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener()); return registrationBean; }
SpringBoot幫咱們自動SpringMVC的時候,自動的註冊SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME) @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration( DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) { ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean( dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping()); //默認攔截: / 全部請求;包靜態資源,可是不攔截jsp請求; /*會攔截jsp //能夠經過server.servletPath來修改SpringMVC前端控制器默認攔截的請求路徑 registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME); registration.setLoadOnStartup( this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup()); if (this.multipartConfig != null) { registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig); } return registration; }
2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其餘的Servlet容器;
默認支持:
Tomcat(默認使用)
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 引入web模塊默認就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat做爲Servlet容器; </dependency>
Jetty
<!-- 引入web模塊 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!--引入其餘的Servlet容器--> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </dependency>
Undertow
<!-- 引入web模塊 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!--引入其餘的Servlet容器--> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </dependency>
EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自動配置?
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE) @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class) //導入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring註解版;給容器中導入一些組件 //導入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor: //後置處理器:bean初始化先後(建立完對象,還沒賦值賦值)執行初始化工做 public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration { @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判斷當前是否引入了Tomcat依賴; @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判斷當前容器沒有用戶本身定義EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠;做用:建立嵌入式的Servlet容器 public static class EmbeddedTomcat { @Bean public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } /** * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used. */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class, WebAppContext.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedJetty { @Bean public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } /** * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used. */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedUndertow { @Bean public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } }
1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工廠)
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory { //獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器 EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer( ServletContextInitializer... initializers); }
2)、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)
3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory爲例
@Override public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer( ServletContextInitializer... initializers) { //建立一個Tomcat Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat(); //配置Tomcat的基本環節 File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat")); tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath()); Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol); tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector); customizeConnector(connector); tomcat.setConnector(connector); tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false); configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine()); for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) { tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector); } prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers); //將配置好的Tomcat傳入進去,返回一個EmbeddedServletContainer;而且啓動Tomcat服務器 return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat); }
4)、咱們對嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎麼生效?
ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定製器幫咱們修改了Servlet容器的配置?
怎麼修改的原理?
5)、容器中導入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
//初始化以前 @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { //若是當前初始化的是一個ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer類型的組件 if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) { // postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean); } return bean; } private void postProcessBeforeInitialization( ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) { //獲取全部的定製器,調用每個定製器的customize方法來給Servlet容器進行屬性賦值; for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) { customizer.customize(bean); } } private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() { if (this.customizers == null) { // Look up does not include the parent context this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>( this.beanFactory //從容器中獲取全部這葛類型的組件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer //定製Servlet容器,給容器中能夠添加一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer類型的組件 .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class, false, false) .values()); Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE); this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers); } return this.customizers; } ServerProperties也是定製器
步驟:
1)、SpringBoot根據導入的依賴狀況,給容器中添加相應的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
2)、容器中某個組件要建立對象就會驚動後置處理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠,後置處理器就工做;
3)、後置處理器,從容器中獲取全部的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,調用定製器的定製方法
何時建立嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠?何時獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器並啓動Tomcat;
獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:
1)、SpringBoot應用啓動運行run方法
2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【建立IOC容器對象,並初始化容器,建立容器中的每個組件】;若是是web應用建立AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,不然:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
3)、refresh(context);刷新剛纔建立好的ioc容器;
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException { synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) { // Prepare this context for refreshing. prepareRefresh(); // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory. ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory(); // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context. prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory); try { // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses. postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory); // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context. invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation. registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Initialize message source for this context. initMessageSource(); // Initialize event multicaster for this context. initApplicationEventMulticaster(); // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses. onRefresh(); // Check for listener beans and register them. registerListeners(); // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons. finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); // Last step: publish corresponding event. finishRefresh(); } catch (BeansException ex) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " + "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex); } // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources. destroyBeans(); // Reset 'active' flag. cancelRefresh(ex); // Propagate exception to caller. throw ex; } finally { // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore... resetCommonCaches(); } } }
4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重寫了onRefresh方法
5)、webioc容器會建立嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();
6)、獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
從ioc容器中獲取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 組件;**TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory**建立對象,後置處理器一看是這個對象,就獲取全部的定製器來先定製Servlet容器的相關配置;
7)、使用容器工廠獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器建立對象並啓動Servlet容器;
先啓動嵌入式的Servlet容器,再將ioc容器中剩下沒有建立出的對象獲取出來;
==IOC容器啓動建立嵌入式的Servlet容器==
嵌入式Servlet容器:應用打成可執行的jar
優勢:簡單、便攜; 缺點:默認不支持JSP、優化定製比較複雜(使用定製器【ServerProperties、自定義EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,本身編寫嵌入式Servlet容器的建立工廠【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);
外置的Servlet容器:外面安裝Tomcat---應用war包的方式打包;
1)、必須建立一個war項目;(利用idea建立好目錄結構)
2)、將嵌入式的Tomcat指定爲provided;
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
3)、必須編寫一個SpringBootServletInitializer的子類,並調用configure方法
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer { @Override protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) { //傳入SpringBoot應用的主程序 return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class); } }
4)、啓動服務器就可使用;
jar包:執行SpringBoot主類的main方法,啓動ioc容器,建立嵌入式的Servlet容器;
war包:啓動服務器,服務器啓動SpringBoot應用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,啓動ioc容器;
servlet3.0(Spring註解版):
8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:
規則:
1)、服務器啓動(web應用啓動)會建立當前web應用裏面每個jar包裏面ServletContainerInitializer實例: 2)、ServletContainerInitializer的實現放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夾下,有一個名爲javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,內容就是ServletContainerInitializer的實現類的全類名 3)、還可使用@HandlesTypes,在應用啓動的時候加載咱們感興趣的類;
流程:
1)、啓動Tomcat
2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
Spring的web模塊裏面有這個文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer將@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)標註的全部這個類型的類都傳入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;爲這些WebApplicationInitializer類型的類建立實例;
4)、每個WebApplicationInitializer都調用本身的onStartup;
5)、至關於咱們的SpringBootServletInitializer的類會被建立對象,並執行onStartup方法
6)、SpringBootServletInitializer實例執行onStartup的時候會createRootApplicationContext;建立容器
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext( ServletContext servletContext) { //一、建立SpringApplicationBuilder SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder(); StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment(); environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null); builder.environment(environment); builder.main(getClass()); ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext); if (parent != null) { this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent)."); servletContext.setAttribute( WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null); builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent)); } builder.initializers( new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext)); builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class); //調用configure方法,子類重寫了這個方法,將SpringBoot的主程序類傳入了進來 builder = configure(builder); //使用builder建立一個Spring應用 SpringApplication application = builder.build(); if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) { application.getSources().add(getClass()); } Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(), "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the " + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation"); // Ensure error pages are registered if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) { application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class); } //啓動Spring應用 return run(application); }
7)、Spring的應用就啓動而且建立IOC容器
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null; configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); context = createApplicationContext(); analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); //刷新IOC容器 refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); listeners.finished(context, null); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } }
==啓動Servlet容器,再啓動SpringBoot應用==
Docker是一個開源的應用容器引擎;是一個輕量級容器技術;
Docker支持將軟件編譯成一個鏡像;而後在鏡像中各類軟件作好配置,將鏡像發佈出去,其餘使用者能夠直接使用這個鏡像;
運行中的這個鏡像稱爲容器,容器啓動是很是快速的。
docker主機(Host):安裝了Docker程序的機器(Docker直接安裝在操做系統之上);
docker客戶端(Client):鏈接docker主機進行操做;
docker倉庫(Registry):用來保存各類打包好的軟件鏡像;
docker鏡像(Images):軟件打包好的鏡像;放在docker倉庫中;
docker容器(Container):鏡像啓動後的實例稱爲一個容器;容器是獨立運行的一個或一組應用
使用Docker的步驟:
1)、安裝Docker
2)、去Docker倉庫找到這個軟件對應的鏡像;
3)、使用Docker運行這個鏡像,這個鏡像就會生成一個Docker容器;
4)、對容器的啓動中止就是對軟件的啓動中止;
1)、VMWare、VirtualBox(安裝); 2)、導入虛擬機文件centos7-atguigu.ova; 3)、雙擊啓動linux虛擬機;使用 root/ 123456登錄 4)、使用客戶端鏈接linux服務器進行命令操做; 5)、設置虛擬機網絡; 橋接網絡===選好網卡====接入網線; 6)、設置好網絡之後使用命令重啓虛擬機的網絡
service network restart
7)、查看linux的ip地址
ip addr
8)、使用客戶端鏈接linux;
步驟:
一、檢查內核版本,必須是3.10及以上 uname -r 二、安裝docker yum install docker 三、輸入y確認安裝 四、啓動docker [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker [root@localhost ~]# docker -v Docker version 1.12.6, build 3e8e77d/1.12.6 五、開機啓動docker [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service. 六、中止docker systemctl stop docker
操做 | 命令 | 說明 |
---|---|---|
檢索 | docker search 關鍵字 eg:docker search redis | 咱們常常去docker hub上檢索鏡像的詳細信息,如鏡像的TAG。 |
拉取 | docker pull 鏡像名:tag | :tag是可選的,tag表示標籤,多爲軟件的版本,默認是latest |
列表 | docker images | 查看全部本地鏡像 |
刪除 | docker rmi image-id | 刪除指定的本地鏡像 |
https://hub.docker.com/
軟件鏡像(QQ安裝程序)----運行鏡像----產生一個容器(正在運行的軟件,運行的QQ);
步驟:
一、搜索鏡像 [root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat 二、拉取鏡像 [root@localhost ~]# docker pull tomcat 三、根據鏡像啓動容器 docker run --name mytomcat -d tomcat:latest 四、docker ps 查看運行中的容器 五、 中止運行中的容器 docker stop 容器的id 六、查看全部的容器 docker ps -a 七、啓動容器 docker start 容器id 八、刪除一個容器 docker rm 容器id 九、啓動一個作了端口映射的tomcat [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 8888:8080 tomcat -d:後臺運行 -p: 將主機的端口映射到容器的一個端口 主機端口:容器內部的端口 十、爲了演示簡單關閉了linux的防火牆 service firewalld status ;查看防火牆狀態 service firewalld stop:關閉防火牆 十一、查看容器的日誌 docker logs container-name/container-id 更多命令參看 https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/ 能夠參考每個鏡像的文檔
docker pull mysql
錯誤的啓動
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -d mysql 42f09819908bb72dd99ae19e792e0a5d03c48638421fa64cce5f8ba0f40f5846 mysql退出了 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 42f09819908b mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 34 seconds ago Exited (1) 33 seconds ago mysql01 538bde63e500 tomcat "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Exited (143) About an hour ago compassionate_ goldstine c4f1ac60b3fc tomcat "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Exited (143) About an hour ago lonely_fermi 81ec743a5271 tomcat "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Exited (143) About an hour ago sick_ramanujan //錯誤日誌 [root@localhost ~]# docker logs 42f09819908b error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD;這個三個參數必須指定一個
正確的啓動
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql b874c56bec49fb43024b3805ab51e9097da779f2f572c22c695305dedd684c5f [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b874c56bec49 mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 3306/tcp mysql01
作了端口映射
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql02 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql ad10e4bc5c6a0f61cbad43898de71d366117d120e39db651844c0e73863b9434 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ad10e4bc5c6a mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql02
幾個其餘的高級操做
docker run --name mysql03 -v /conf/mysql:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag 把主機的/conf/mysql文件夾掛載到 mysqldocker容器的/etc/mysql/conf.d文件夾裏面 改mysql的配置文件就只須要把mysql配置文件放在自定義的文件夾下(/conf/mysql) docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci 指定mysql的一些配置參數
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency>
spring: datasource: username: root password: 123456 url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/jdbc driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
效果:
默認是用org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource做爲數據源; 數據源的相關配置都在DataSourceProperties裏面;
自動配置原理:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc:
一、參考DataSourceConfiguration,根據配置建立數據源,默認使用Tomcat鏈接池;可使用spring.datasource.type指定自定義的數據源類型;
二、SpringBoot默承認以支持;
org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource、HikariDataSource、BasicDataSource、
三、自定義數據源類型
/** * Generic DataSource configuration. */ @ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class) @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type") static class Generic { @Bean public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) { //使用DataSourceBuilder建立數據源,利用反射建立響應type的數據源,而且綁定相關屬性 return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build(); } }
四、DataSourceInitializer:ApplicationListener;
做用: 1)、runSchemaScripts();運行建表語句; 2)、runDataScripts();運行插入數據的sql語句;
默認只須要將文件命名爲:
schema-*.sql、data-*.sql 默認規則:schema.sql,schema-all.sql; 可使用 schema: - classpath:department.sql 指定位置
五、操做數據庫:自動配置了JdbcTemplate操做數據庫
導入druid數據源 @Configuration public class DruidConfig { @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource") @Bean public DataSource druid(){ return new DruidDataSource(); } //配置Druid的監控 //一、配置一個管理後臺的Servlet @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){ ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*"); Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>(); initParams.put("loginUsername","admin"); initParams.put("loginPassword","123456"); initParams.put("allow","");//默認就是容許全部訪問 initParams.put("deny","192.168.15.21"); bean.setInitParameters(initParams); return bean; } //二、配置一個web監控的filter @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){ FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter()); Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>(); initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*"); bean.setInitParameters(initParams); bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*")); return bean; } }
<dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency>
步驟:
1)、配置數據源相關屬性(見上一節Druid) 2)、給數據庫建表 3)、建立JavaBean
//指定這是一個操做數據庫的mapper @Mapper public interface DepartmentMapper { @Select("select * from department where id=#{id}") public Department getDeptById(Integer id); @Delete("delete from department where id=#{id}") public int deleteDeptById(Integer id); @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true,keyProperty = "id") @Insert("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})") public int insertDept(Department department); @Update("update department set departmentName=#{departmentName} where id=#{id}") public int updateDept(Department department); }
問題:
自定義MyBatis的配置規則;給容器中添加一個ConfigurationCustomizer;
@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration public class MyBatisConfig { @Bean public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){ return new ConfigurationCustomizer(){ @Override public void customize(Configuration configuration) { configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true); } }; } }
使用MapperScan批量掃描全部的Mapper接口; @MapperScan(value = "com.atguigu.springboot.mapper") @SpringBootApplication public class SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication.class, args); } }
mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml 指定全局配置文件的位置 mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml 指定sql映射文件的位置
更多使用參照
http://www.mybatis.org/spring-boot-starter/mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure/
JPA:ORM(Object Relational Mapping);
1)、編寫一個實體類(bean)和數據表進行映射,而且配置好映射關係;
//使用JPA註解配置映射關係 @Entity //告訴JPA這是一個實體類(和數據表映射的類) @Table(name = "tbl_user") //@Table來指定和哪一個數據表對應;若是省略默認表名就是user; public class User { @Id //這是一個主鍵 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//自增主鍵 private Integer id; @Column(name = "last_name",length = 50) //這是和數據表對應的一個列 private String lastName; @Column //省略默認列名就是屬性名 private String email;
2)、編寫一個Dao接口來操做實體類對應的數據表(Repository)
//繼承JpaRepository來完成對數據庫的操做 public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> { }
3)、基本的配置JpaProperties
spring: jpa: hibernate: # 更新或者建立數據表結構 ddl-auto: update # 控制檯顯示SQL show-sql: true
幾個重要的事件回調機制
配置在META-INF/spring.factories
ApplicationContextInitializer
SpringApplicationRunListener
只須要放在ioc容器中
ApplicationRunner
CommandLineRunner
啓動流程:
initialize(sources); private void initialize(Object[] sources) { //保存主配置類 if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) { this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources)); } //判斷當前是否一個web應用 this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment(); //從類路徑下找到META-INF/spring.factories配置的全部ApplicationContextInitializer;而後保存起來 setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances( ApplicationContextInitializer.class)); //從類路徑下找到ETA-INF/spring.factories配置的全部ApplicationListener setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class)); //從多個配置類中找到有main方法的主配置類 this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass(); }
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null; configureHeadlessProperty(); //獲取SpringApplicationRunListeners;從類路徑下META-INF/spring.factories SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); //回調全部的獲取SpringApplicationRunListener.starting()方法 listeners.starting(); try { //封裝命令行參數 ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); //準備環境 ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); //建立環境完成後回調SpringApplicationRunListener.environmentPrepared();表示環境準備完成 Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); //建立ApplicationContext;決定建立web的ioc仍是普通的ioc context = createApplicationContext(); analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context); //準備上下文環境;將environment保存到ioc中;並且applyInitializers(); //applyInitializers():回調以前保存的全部的ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize方法 //回調全部的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared(); // prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); //prepareContext運行完成之後回調全部的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded(); //s刷新容器;ioc容器初始化(若是是web應用還會建立嵌入式的Tomcat);Spring註解版 //掃描,建立,加載全部組件的地方;(配置類,組件,自動配置) refreshContext(context); //從ioc容器中獲取全部的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner進行回調 //ApplicationRunner先回調,CommandLineRunner再回調 afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); //全部的SpringApplicationRunListener回調finished方法 listeners.finished(context, null); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } //整個SpringBoot應用啓動完成之後返回啓動的ioc容器; return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } }
配置在META-INF/spring.factories
ApplicationContextInitializer
public class HelloApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> { @Override public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) { System.out.println("ApplicationContextInitializer...initialize..."+applicationContext); } }
SpringApplicationRunListener
public class HelloSpringApplicationRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener { //必須有的構造器 public HelloSpringApplicationRunListener(SpringApplication application, String[] args){ } @Override public void starting() { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...starting..."); } @Override public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) { Object o = environment.getSystemProperties().get("os.name"); System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...environmentPrepared.."+o); } @Override public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextPrepared..."); } @Override public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextLoaded..."); } @Override public void finished(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...finished..."); } }
配置(META-INF/spring.factories)
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\ com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloApplicationContextInitializer org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\ com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloSpringApplicationRunListener
只須要放在ioc容器中
ApplicationRunner
@Component public class HelloApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner { @Override public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception { System.out.println("ApplicationRunner...run...."); } }
CommandLineRunner
@Component public class HelloCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner { @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { System.out.println("CommandLineRunner...run..."+ Arrays.asList(args)); } }
starter:
一、這個場景須要使用到的依賴是什麼? 二、如何編寫自動配置
@Configuration //指定這個類是一個配置類 @ConditionalOnXXX //在指定條件成立的狀況下自動配置類生效 @AutoConfigureAfter //指定自動配置類的順序 @Bean //給容器中添加組件 @ConfigurationPropertie結合相關xxxProperties類來綁定相關的配置 @EnableConfigurationProperties //讓xxxProperties生效加入到容器中 自動配置類要能加載 將須要啓動就加載的自動配置類,配置在META-INF/spring.factories org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
三、模式:
啓動器只用來作依賴導入;
專門來寫一個自動配置模塊;
啓動器依賴自動配置;別人只須要引入啓動器(starter)
mybatis-spring-boot-starter;自定義啓動器名-spring-boot-starter
步驟:
1)、啓動器模塊
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId> <artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <!--啓動器--> <dependencies> <!--引入自動配置模塊--> <dependency> <groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId> <artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
2)、自動配置模塊
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId> <artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!--引入spring-boot-starter;全部starter的基本配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
package com.atguigu.starter; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "atguigu.hello") public class HelloProperties { private String prefix; private String suffix; public String getPrefix() { return prefix; } public void setPrefix(String prefix) { this.prefix = prefix; } public String getSuffix() { return suffix; } public void setSuffix(String suffix) { this.suffix = suffix; } }
package com.atguigu.starter; public class HelloService { HelloProperties helloProperties; public HelloProperties getHelloProperties() { return helloProperties; } public void setHelloProperties(HelloProperties helloProperties) { this.helloProperties = helloProperties; } public String sayHellAtguigu(String name){ return helloProperties.getPrefix()+"-" +name + helloProperties.getSuffix(); } }
package com.atguigu.starter; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication //web應用才生效 @EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class) public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration { @Autowired HelloProperties helloProperties; @Bean public HelloService helloService(){ HelloService service = new HelloService(); service.setHelloProperties(helloProperties); return service; } }
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-samples