三劍客
三劍客（四個文本處理工具）
Awk、Sed、Grep、Find。
Grep 文本過濾，會給過濾出來的內容加上顏色。
centos6須要本身設置別名，centos7不須要
選項：
-n #給過濾出來的內容加上當前內容所在的行號。
-v #取反，排除
-E #支持擴展正則使用
-i #忽略大小寫
-o #只顯示匹配的內容
-w #只匹配關鍵字（一整串的字符串）
-c #統計過濾出來的內容行數
-A #顯示匹配內容的向下的行數
-B #向上匹配
-C #上下匹配
-r #遞歸過濾
-R #遞歸過濾
-n選項
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n 'root' passwd 1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash 10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
-i選項
[root@oldboyedu ~]# echo Root >> passwd [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep 'root' passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -i 'root' passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin Root
-v選項
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -v '/sbin/nologin' passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt Root
-w
[root@oldboyedu ~]# echo roott >>passwd [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep 'root' passwd |wc -l 3 [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep 'root' passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin roott [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -w 'root' passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
-c選項
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -c 'root' passwd
3
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -c 'root' passwd |wc -l
1
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep 'root' passwd |wc -l
3
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -c '.' passwd
38
[root@oldboyedu ~]# wc -l passwd
38 passwd
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -R 'root' ./
./.bash_history:cd /root/nginx-1.16.0
./.bash_history:fpm -s dir -t rpm -v 1.16.0 -n nginx -d 'pcre-devel,openssl-devel,zlib-devel' --post-install /root/nginx.sh -f /app/nginx.1.16.0/
./.bash_history:fpm -s dir -t rpm -v 1.16.0 -n nginx -d 'pcre-devel,openssl-devel,zlib-devel' --post-install /root/nginx.sh -f /app/nginx.1.16.0/
./.bash_history:mv /root/nginx-1.16.0-1.x86_64.rpm .
./.bash_history:top -d 1 -u root
./.bash_history:pgrep -u root
./.bash_history:pgrep -u -l root
./.bash_history:pgrep -l -u root
./.bash_history:top -d 1 -u root
./.bash_history:wget [root@oldboyedu ~]# kill 9461
./.bash_history:mkpasswd -l 20 |passwd --stdin root
Binary file ./.gem/specs/mirrors.huaweicloud.com%443/repository/rubygems/specs.4.8 matches
Binary file ./.gem/specs/mirrors.huaweicloud.com%443/repository/rubygems/latest_specs.4.8 matches
Binary file ./.file2.swp matches
Binary file ./sysstat-11.7.3-1.x86_64.rpm matches
./1111/test.txt:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
./1111/test.txt:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
./1111/test.txt:roott
./passwd:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
./passwd:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
./passwd:roott
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -r 'root' ./
./.bash_history:cd /root/nginx-1.16.0
./.bash_history:fpm -s dir -t rpm -v 1.16.0 -n nginx -d 'pcre-devel,openssl-devel,zlib-devel' --post-install /root/nginx.sh -f /app/nginx.1.16.0/
./.bash_history:fpm -s dir -t rpm -v 1.16.0 -n nginx -d 'pcre-devel,openssl-devel,zlib-devel' --post-install /root/nginx.sh -f /app/nginx.1.16.0/
./.bash_history:mv /root/nginx-1.16.0-1.x86_64.rpm .
./.bash_history:top -d 1 -u root
./.bash_history:pgrep -u root
./.bash_history:pgrep -u -l root
./.bash_history:pgrep -l -u root
./.bash_history:top -d 1 -u root
./.bash_history:wget [root@oldboyedu ~]# kill 9461
./.bash_history:mkpasswd -l 20 |passwd --stdin root
Binary file ./.gem/specs/mirrors.huaweicloud.com%443/repository/rubygems/specs.4.8 matches
Binary file ./.gem/specs/mirrors.huaweicloud.com%443/repository/rubygems/latest_specs.4.8 matches
Binary file ./.file2.swp matches
Binary file ./sysstat-11.7.3-1.x86_64.rpm matches
./1111/test.txt:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
./1111/test.txt:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
./1111/test.txt:roott
./passwd:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
./passwd:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
./passwd:roott
-A
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '.' passwd 1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash 2:bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin 3:daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin 4:adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin 5:lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin 6:sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync 7:shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown 8:halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt 9:mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin 10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin 11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin 12:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin 13:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin 14:systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin 15:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin 16:polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin 17:tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin 18:abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin 19:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin 20:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin 21:nginx:x:998:996:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin 22:redis:x:997:995:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin 23:ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin 24:rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin 25:rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin 26:nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin 27:oldgirl1:x:1010:1010::/home/oldgirl1:/sbin/nologin 28:oldgirl2:x:1011:1011::/home/oldgirl2:/sbin/nologin 29:oldgirl3:x:1012:1012::/home/oldgirl3:/sbin/nologin 30:oldgirl4:x:1013:1013::/home/oldgirl4:/sbin/nologin 31:oldgirl5:x:1014:1014::/home/oldgirl5:/sbin/nologin 32:oldgirl6:x:1015:1015::/home/oldgirl6:/sbin/nologin 33:oldgirl7:x:1016:1016::/home/oldgirl7:/sbin/nologin 34:oldgirl8:x:1017:1017::/home/oldgirl8:/sbin/nologin 35:oldgirl9:x:1018:1018::/home/oldgirl9:/sbin/nologin 36:oldgirl10:x:1019:1019::/home/oldgirl10:/sbin/nologin 37:Root 38:roott [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '.' passwd |grep -w '11' 10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin 11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '.' passwd |grep -w '^11' 11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '.' passwd |grep -wA9 '^11' 11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin 12:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin 13:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin 14:systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin 15:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin 16:polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin 17:tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin 18:abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin 19:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin 20:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
-B選項
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '.' passwd |grep -w '^20' 20:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '.' passwd |grep -wB 9 '^20' 11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin 12:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin 13:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin 14:systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin 15:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin 16:polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin 17:tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin 18:abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin 19:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin 20:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
-C選項
##### [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '.' passwd |grep -Ew '^15|16' 15:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin 16:polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '.' passwd |grep -Ew '^15|^16' 15:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin 16:polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '.' passwd |grep -EwC4 '^15|^16' 11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin 12:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin 13:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin 14:systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin 15:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin 16:polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin 17:tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin 18:abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin 19:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin 20:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '.' passwd |grep -EwC4 '^1[56]' 11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin 12:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin 13:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin 14:systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin 15:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin 16:polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin 17:tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin 18:abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin 19:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin 20:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '.' /etc/passwd |grep -EwC4 '^1[56]' 11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin 12:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin 13:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin 14:systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin 15:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin 16:polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin 17:tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin 18:abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin 19:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin 20:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
正則：html
^node
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep '^root' passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash roott [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep '^r' passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash redis:x:997:995:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin roott
$linux
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep 'h$' passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep 'bash$' passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
空行
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -v '^$' passwd #裏面空格和tab鍵 [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -v '^\s*$' passwd [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -n '^\s*$' passwd #.點匹配任意一個字符 [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep '.' test.log 123 [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -o '.' test.log 1 2 3 #環境準備 cat>oldboy.txt<<EOF I am oldboy teacher! I teach linux. I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com our size is http://blog.oldboyedu.com my qq is 49000448 not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY! EOF
轉義，取消特殊字符的特殊含義。nginx
#只過濾以點爲結尾的行 [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep '.$' oldboy.txt I am oldboy teacher! I teach linux. I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com our size is http://blog.oldboyedu.com my qq is 49000448 not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY! [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep '\.$' oldboy.txt I teach linux. not 4900000448. #以m或者n開頭的行
[] 表示多個字符串，會單個匹配[]裏面的內容，[] [^] 的區別web
| 或者redis
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep '^[mn]' oldboy.txt my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com my qq is 49000448 not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep '^m|^n' oldboy.txt -E my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com my qq is 49000448 not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY! [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -v '^[mn]' oldboy.txt I am oldboy teacher! I teach linux. I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! our size is http://blog.oldboyedu.com [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep '^[^mn]' oldboy.txt I am oldboy teacher! I teach linux. I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! our size is http://blog.oldboyedu.com [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep '[^mn]' oldboy.txt I am oldboy teacher! I teach linux. I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com our size is http://blog.oldboyedu.com my qq is 49000448 not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
*前面一個字符出現0次或0次以上shell
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -o '0' oldboy.txt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -o '0*' oldboy.txt 000 00000
.* 表示全部的意思
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -o '.*' oldboy.txt I am oldboy teacher! I teach linux. I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com our size is http://blog.oldboyedu.com my qq is 49000448 not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY! cat>id.txt<<EOF 湯 610702199107053598 鄒 371481199403259478 莫 52020319810613433X 韓 460106199111137270 榮 530124197504135438 榮 oldboy 榮 babygirl 榮 530124197504135438 阮 360702197902169951 翁 331002198504132813 任 6212231987082X5176 姜 370602198507189574 李A BBBCCC98507189574 趙B BBB602198507189574 霍 320904198403048179 EOF
{n,m} 匹配其前面的字符至少n次，至多m次
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -E '[0-9]{17}[0-9X]{1}' id.txt
湯 610702199107053598
鄒 371481199403259478
莫 52020319810613433X
韓 460106199111137270
榮 530124197504135438
榮 530124197504135438
阮 360702197902169951
翁 331002198504132813
姜 370602198507189574
霍 320904198403048179
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -E -o '[0-9]{17}[0-9X]{1}' id.txt
610702199107053598
371481199403259478
52020319810613433X
460106199111137270
530124197504135438
530124197504135438
360702197902169951
331002198504132813
370602198507189574
320904198403048179
清理nginx配置文件
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -Ev '^\s*$|#' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default >nginx.conf
[root@oldboyedu ~]# cat nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
#查看配置文件
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep '^[a-Z]' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
PasswordAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
GSSAPIAuthentication no
GSSAPICleanupCredentials no
UsePAM yes
X11Forwarding yes
UseDNS no
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
[root@oldboyedu ~]# grep -Ev '^$|^#' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Sed 替換，取行。增刪改查
選項：
-n #取消默認輸出，p
-i #替換
-i.bak #先備份，在替換
-r #支持擴展正則使用
s #替換
g #全局
d #刪除
p #打印
！ #取反
a #追加
i #插入
$ #結尾的行
#取行。 #取單行 [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed -n '3p' passwd bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin #取連續的多行 [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed -n '5,10p' passwd sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
#取不連續的多行 [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed -n '5p;10p' passwd sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
取反，刪除。
刪除單行
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed '2d' passwd
刪除連續的多行
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed '2,10d' passwd
刪除不連續的多行
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed '2d;10d' passwd
排除
p' passwd #環境準備 cat >sed.txt<<"EOF" 101,$oldboy,CEO 102,$zhangyao,CTO 103,$Alex,COO 104,$yy,CFO 105,$feixue,CIO EOF #過濾字符串 [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed -n '/yy/p' sed.txt 104,$yy,CFO #過濾多個 [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed -n '/oldboy/p ; /yy/p' sed.txt 101,$oldboy,CEO 104,$yy,CF [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed -nr '/oldboy|yy/p' sed.txt 101,$oldboy,CEO 104,$yy,CFO [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed -n '/oldboy/p;/yy/p' sed.txt 101,$oldboy,CEO 104,$yy,CFO #過濾多個連續的字符串 [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed -n '/oldboy/,/yy/p' sed.txt 101,$oldboy,CEO 102,$zhangyao,CTO 103,$Alex,COO 104,$yy,CFO
增
a icentos
#在第三行後面追加內容 [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed '3aoldboy' sed.txt 101,$oldboy,CEO 102,$zhangyao,CTO 103,$Alex,COO oldboy 104,$yy,CFO 105,$feixue,CIO #在第四行的上面插入內容 [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed '4ioldboy' sed.txt 101,$oldboy,CEO 102,$zhangyao,CTO 103,$Alex,COO oldboy 104,$yy,CFO 105,$feixue,CIO #插入多行 [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed '4ioldboy\noldgirl' sed.txt 101,$oldboy,CEO 102,$zhangyao,CTO 103,$Alex,COO oldboy oldgirl 104,$yy,CFO 105,$feixue,CIO #追加多行 [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed '3aoldboy\noldgirl' sed.txt 101,$oldboy,CEO 102,$zhangyao,CTO 103,$Alex,COO oldboy oldgirl 104,$yy,CFO 105,$feixue,CIO #在結尾追加內容 [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed '$aoldboy' sed.txt 101,$oldboy,CEO 102,$zhangyao,CTO 103,$Alex,COO 104,$yy,CFO 105,$feixue,CIO oldboy
改
#全局
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed 's#oldboy#jinke#g' sed.txt
101,$jinke,CEO
102,$zhangyao,CTO
103,$Alex,COO
104,$yy,CFO
105,$feixue,CIO
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed -i.org 's#oldboy#jinke#g' sed.txt
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed 's#^SELINUX=.*#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
#c 原位置替換
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed '/^SELINUX=/c SELINUX=enforcing' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
#第一行到第五行的root替換
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed '1,5s#root#oldboy#g' passwd
#替換第一行的root
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed '1s#root#oldboy#g' passwd
#替換特殊字符使用轉義
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed 's#$#%#g' sed.txt
101,$jinke,CEO%
102,$zhangyao,CTO%
103,$Alex,COO%
104,$yy,CFO%
105,$feixue,CIO%
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed 's#\$#%#g' sed.txt
101,%jinke,CEO
102,%zhangyao,CTO
103,%Alex,COO
104,%yy,CFO
105,%feixue,CIO
[root@oldboyedu ~]# sed 's/\/sbin\/nologin/oldboy/g' passwd
#後向引用
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1d:ca:3a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.150/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::80b2:dc89:7adf:c7b1/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ip a s eth0 | sed -n '3p'
inet 10.0.0.150/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ip a s eth0 | sed -n '3p' |sed -r 's#.*t (.*)/.*#\1#g'
10.0.0.150
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ip a s eth0 |sed -nr '3s#.*t (.*)/.*#\1#gp'
10.0.0.150
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::80b2:dc89:7adf:c7b1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:1d:ca:3a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 20849 bytes 1902050 (1.8 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 15800 bytes 2443358 (2.3 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ifconfig eth0 |sed -n '2p'
inet 10.0.0.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ifconfig eth0 |sed -nr '2s#.*t (.*)#\1#gp'
10.0.0.255
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ifconfig eth0 |sed -nr '2s#.*t (.*) n.*#\1#gp'
10.0.0.150
[root@oldboyedu ~]# stat sed.txt
File: ‘sed.txt’
Size: 75 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 67160646 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2019-07-25 11:34:50.285127299 +0800
Modify: 2019-07-25 11:34:29.851127028 +0800
Change: 2019-07-25 11:34:29.851127028 +0800
Birth: -
cat>/root/hostname_ip.sh<<"EOF"
#!/usr/bin/sh
source /etc/init.d/functions
if [ $# -ne 2 ];then
echo "/bin/sh $0 hostname PartIP"
exit 1
fi
hostnamectl set-hostname $1
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action "hostname update Successful！" /bin/true
else
action "hostname update Failed！" /bin/false
fi
Ip=$(ip a s eth0 |awk -F '[./]' 'NR==3{print $4}')
sed -i "s#$Ip#$2#g" /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth[01]
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action "IP update Successful！" /bin/true
else
action "IP update Failed！" /bin/false
fi
systemctl restart network
bash
EOF
Awk #取列，計算，統計。數組。
選項：
-F FS #輸入分隔符，默認是空格
-v #配合輸出分隔符使用
OFS #輸出分隔符
BEGIN END
$n #某列
NR #行號
$0 #完整內容
$NF #最後一列
i++ #計算次數
i=i+$N #計算和
取行
[root@oldboy ~]# awk 'NR==3' sed.txt 103,$Alex,COO [root@oldboy ~]# awk 'NR==1,NR==3' sed.txt 101,$jinke,CEO 102,$zhangyao,CTO 103,$Alex,COO [root@oldboy ~]# awk 'NR==1;NR==3' sed.txt 101,$jinke,CEO 103,$Alex,COO [root@oldboy ~]# awk 'NR>1 && NR<3' sed.txt 102,$zhangyao,CTO [root@oldboy ~]# awk 'NR>=1 && NR<=3' sed.txt 101,$jinke,CEO 102,$zhangyao,CTO 103,$Alex,COO
過濾
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '/jinke/' sed.txt 101,$jinke,CEO [root@oldboy ~]# awk '!/jinke/' sed.txt 102,$zhangyao,CTO 103,$Alex,COO 104,$yy,CFO 105,$feixue,CIO [root@oldboy ~]# awk '/jinke|yy/' sed.txt 101,$jinke,CEO 104,$yy,CFO [root@oldboy ~]# awk '/jinke/;/yy/' sed.txt 101,$jinke,CEO 104,$yy,CFO [root@oldboy ~]# awk '/jinke/,/yy/' sed.txt 101,$jinke,CEO 102,$zhangyao,CTO 103,$Alex,COO 104,$yy,CFO
取列
[root@oldboy ~]# awk -F '[,]' '{print $3}' sed.txt
CEO
CTO
COO
CFO
CIO
#環境準備
cat >>reg.txt<<EOF
Zhang Dandan 41117397 :250:100:175
Zhang Xiaoyu 390320151 :155:90:201
Meng Feixue 80042789 :250:60:50
Wu Waiwai 70271111 :250:80:75
Liu Bingbing 41117483 :250:100:175
Wang Xiaoai 3515064655 :50:95:135
Zi Gege 1986787350 :250:168:200
Li Youjiu 918391635 :175:75:300
Lao Nanhai 918391635 :250:100:175
EOF
#根據列進行匹配
#第三列以3開頭的行
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '$3~/^3/' reg.txt
Zhang Xiaoyu 390320151 :155:90:201
Wang Xiaoai 3515064655 :50:95:135
取反
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '$3!~/^3/' reg.txt
Zhang Dandan 41117397 :250:100:175
Meng Feixue 80042789 :250:60:50
Wu Waiwai 70271111 :250:80:75
Liu Bingbing 41117483 :250:100:175
Zi Gege 1986787350 :250:168:200
Li Youjiu 918391635 :175:75:300
Lao Nanhai 918391635 :250:100:175
#第三列以1或5爲結尾的行
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '$3~/[15]$/' reg.txt
Zhang Xiaoyu 390320151 :155:90:201
Wu Waiwai 70271111 :250:80:75
Wang Xiaoai 3515064655 :50:95:135
Li Youjiu 918391635 :175:75:300
Lao Nanhai 918391635 :250:100:175
#顯示姓zhang的人第二次的捐款金額
[root@oldboy ~]# awk -F '[ :]' '/^Zhang/{print $1,$2,$6}' reg.txt
Zhang Dandan 100
Zhang Xiaoyu 90
顯示Xiaoyu的捐款.每一個值時都有以$開頭.如$520$200$135
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '/Xiaoyu/{print $4}' reg.txt |tr ':' '$'
$155$90$201
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '/Xiaoyu/{print $4}' reg.txt |sed 's#:#$#g'
$155$90$201
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '/Xiaoyu/{print $4}' reg.txt |sed 's#:#\$#g'
$155$90$201
[root@oldboy ~]# awk -F '[ :]' '/Xiaoyu/{print "$"$5"$"$6"$"$7}' reg.txt
$155$90$201
[root@oldboy ~]# awk -F '[ :]' -vOFS='$' '/Xiaoyu/{print "$"$5,$6,$7}' reg.txt
$155$90$201
顯示全部人的全名，以姓,名的格式顯示，如Meng,Feixue
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '{print $1","$2}' reg.txt
Zhang,Dandan
Zhang,Xiaoyu
Meng,Feixue
Wu,Waiwai
Liu,Bingbing
Wang,Xiaoai
Zi,Gege
Li,Youjiu
Lao,Nanhai
[root@oldboy ~]# awk -vOFS=',' '{print $1,$2}' reg.txt
Zhang,Dandan
Zhang,Xiaoyu
Meng,Feixue
Wu,Waiwai
Liu,Bingbing
Wang,Xiaoai
Zi,Gege
Li,Youjiu
Lao,Nanhai
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '{print $1,$2}' reg.txt |tr ' ' ','
Zhang,Dandan
Zhang,Xiaoyu
Meng,Feixue
Wu,Waiwai
Liu,Bingbing
Wang,Xiaoai
Zi,Gege
Li,Youjiu
Lao,Nanhai
取ip地址
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::80b2:dc89:7adf:c7b1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:1d:ca:3a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 25397 bytes 2315305 (2.2 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 19057 bytes 2801352 (2.6 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0 |awk 'NR==2{print $2}'
10.0.0.150
[root@oldboy ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1d:ca:3a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.150/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::80b2:dc89:7adf:c7b1/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@oldboy ~]# ip a s eth0 |awk -F '[ /]*' 'NR==3{print $3}'
10.0.0.150
#排除空行
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '!/^[ \t]*$/' file1
lhlgsd
fdssgdgs
gsdgd
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '!/^\s*$/' file1
lhlgsd
fdssgdgs
gsdgd
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '/^r/' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
redis:x:997:995:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
roott
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '/h$/' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
計算
[root@oldboy ~]# cat test.log
10 20
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '{print $2/$1}' test.log
2
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '{print $2+$1}' test.log
30
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '{print $2-$1}' test.log
10
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '{print $2*$1}' test.log
200
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '{print $2^$1}' test.log
10240000000000
[root@oldboy ~]# awk 'BEGIN{print 10-10 }'
0
[root@oldboy ~]# awk 'BEGIN{print 10+10 }'
20
[root@oldboy ~]# awk 'BEGIN{print 10/10 }'
1
[root@oldboy ~]# awk 'BEGIN{print 10*10 }'
100
[root@oldboy ~]# awk 'BEGIN{print 10^10 }'
10000000000
#計算內存可用的百分比
[root@oldboy ~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1980 148 1526 9 305 1646
Swap: 2047 0 2047
[root@oldboy ~]# free -m |awk '/^Mem/'
Mem: 1980 148 1526 9 305 1646
[root@oldboy ~]# free -m |awk '/^Mem/{print $4/$2}'
0.770707
[root@oldboy ~]# free -m |awk '/^Mem/{print $4/$2*100}'
77.0707
[root@oldboy ~]# free -m |awk '/^Mem/{print $4/$2*100"%"}'
77.0707%
Awk 數組數組
#統計/etc/services 中空行的數量
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '/^$/' /etc/services |wc -l
17
[root@oldboy ~]# sed -n '/^$/p' /etc/services |wc -l
17
[root@oldboy ~]# grep -c '^$' /etc/services
17
[root@oldboy ~]# awk '/^$/{i++}END{print i}' /etc/services
17
#統計passwd文件中全部shell的數量
[root@oldboy ~]# awk -F: '{print $NF}' passwd |sort |uniq -c
1 /bin/bash
1 /bin/sync
1 /sbin/halt
32 /sbin/nologin
1 /sbin/shutdown
[root@oldboy ~]# awk -F: '{shell[$7]++}END{for (i in shell)print i,shell[i]}' passwd |sort -rnk2 |column -t
/sbin/nologin 32
/sbin/shutdown 1
/sbin/halt 1
/bin/sync 1
/bin/bash 1
#計算
[root@oldboy ~]# seq 200 |awk '{i=i+$1}END{print i}'
20100
[root@oldboy ~]# seq 100 |awk '{i=i+$1}END{print i}'
5050
[root@oldboy ~]# seq 101 |awk '{i=i+$1}END{print i}'
5151
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