《Oracle DBA工做筆記》第二章 經常使用工具和問題分析（2）--exp/imp系列問題

時間  2021-04-17
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《Oracle DBA工做筆記》第二章 經常使用工具和問題分析（1）--刪庫、orabase、sqlplus http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?src=3&timestamp=1470396751&ver=1&signature=3zOxvwdWqIAgGXx0pyNNHRtVIP-JqJS0WZD-Tq*7H2azxglzF0p1Ni-bsPrW*35Jq-zpEA*3ihQlunpvfe-0XCsHRELNgghB5HNTarBrkluNO7Ne9QiKRIeTwPZOv0U5KYwgVc5T1t9ymz8UkilPkVBa66Izb5TXBxzpeAexcWY=


4.3  exp/imp系列問題

4.3.1  使用query選項

Oracle的exp工具備一個query參數能夠指定一個where條件來有條件地導出記錄, 對於不常常用這個選項的人來講, 常常會遇到這樣的錯誤:linux

LRM-00112: multiple values not allowed for parameter 'query'sql

EXP-00019: failed to process parameters, type 'EXP HELP=Y' for help數據庫

EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfullywindows

這是由於在where條件中通常都會有空格, 而命令行下就會被釋成幾個命令行參數, 須要用單引號或雙引號將整個where條件括起來, 就能夠了，或者使用正斜槓\來對字符進行轉義，windows下和linux下不太同樣，這個就比較繁瑣了，可是有個通用的辦法就是使用parfile來解析，這個不管是windows仍是linux下均可以使用，舉個例子，咱們須要導出表test_query_lhr中的owner爲SCOTT的記錄，咱們能夠執行：oracle

exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\'  tables=test_query_lhr file=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott.dmp query=\" where owner=\'SCOTT\' \" log=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott.logapp

 

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>ORACLE_SID=raclhr1編輯器

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>sqlplus / as sysdbaide

 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Aug 2 15:18:56 2016工具

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.url

 

 

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

 

SYS@raclhr1> create table test_query_lhr as select * from dba_tables;

 

Table created.

 

SYS@raclhr1> select count(1) from test_query_lhr where owner='SCOTT';

 

  COUNT(1)

----------

         4

 

SYS@raclhr1> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\'  tables=test_query_lhr file=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott.dmp query=\" where owner=\'SCOTT\' \" log=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott.log

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:23:08 2016

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

 

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table                 TEST_QUERY_LHR          4 rows exported

Export terminated successfully without warnings.

下邊使用parfile的方式來導出：

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>more /tmp/scottfile.par

query="where owner='SCOTT'"

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle> exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\'  tables=test_query_lhr file=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott_01.dmp parfile=/tmp/scottfile.par log=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott_01.log

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:30:09 2016

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

 

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table                 TEST_QUERY_LHR          4 rows exported

Export terminated successfully without warnings.

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>

 

4.3.2  獲得對象的DDL語句

imp工具使用show=y log=get_ddl.sql的方式,能夠看到清晰的ddl腳本，同時也不會真正的執行數據導入：

exp  \'/ AS SYSDBA\'  tables=scott.emp  file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp  log=/tmp/exp_table.log  buffer=41943040 rows=n compress=n

imp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp show=y log=/tmp/get_ddl.sql buffer=20480000  full=y

 

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>exp  \'/ AS SYSDBA\'  tables=scott.emp  file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp  log=/tmp/exp_table.log  buffer=41943040 rows=n compress=n

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:42:11 2016

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

Note: table data (rows) will not be exported

 

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

Current user changed to SCOTT

. . exporting table                            EMP

Export terminated successfully without warnings.

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>imp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp show=y log=/tmp/get_ddl.sql buffer=20480000  full=y

 

Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:42:44 2016

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

 

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

. importing SYS's objects into SYS

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""

"CREATE TABLE "EMP" ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0), "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10), "JOB" VARCH"

"AR2(9), "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0), "HIREDATE" DATE, "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2), "COMM" NUM"

"BER(7, 2), "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0))  PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRAN"

"S 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST "

"GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS"

"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP" ("EMPNO" )  PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAX"

"TRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREEL"

"IST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING"

"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD  CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO") USING INDE"

"X PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MIN"

"EXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "US"

"ERS" LOGGING ENABLE "

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO") REFEREN"

"CES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE"

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO""

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>

因爲格式比較混亂，直接運行會報錯，建榮的書中給了一段代碼來格式化：

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/get_ddl.sql

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

 

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

. importing SYS's objects into SYS

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""

"CREATE TABLE "EMP" ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0), "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10), "JOB" VARCH"

"AR2(9), "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0), "HIREDATE" DATE, "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2), "COMM" NUM"

"BER(7, 2), "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0))  PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRAN"

"S 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST "

"GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS"

"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP" ("EMPNO" )  PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAX"

"TRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREEL"

"IST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING"

"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD  CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO") USING INDE"

"X PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MIN"

"EXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "US"

"ERS" LOGGING ENABLE "

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO") REFEREN"

"CES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE"

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO""

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/gettabddl.sh

awk '

  / \"BEGIN /   { N=1; }

  / \"CREATE /   { N=1; }

  / \"CREATE INDEX/   { N=1; }

  / \"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX/  { N=1; }

  / \"ALTER /   { N=1; }

  / \" ALTER /   { N=1; }

  / \"ANALYZE /   { N=1; }

  / \"GRANT /    { N=1; }

  / \"COMMENT /   { N=1; }

  / \"AUDIT /     { N=1; }

  N==1 { printf "\n/\n"; N++ }

  /\"$/ {

    if (N==0) next;

    s=index( $0, "\"" );

    ln0=length( $0 )

    if ( s!=0 ) {

      lcnt++

      if ( lcnt >= 30 ) {

        ln=substr(       0,s+1,length(substr(      0,s+1))-1)

        t=index( ln, ")," )

        if ( t==0 ) { t=index( ln, ", " ) }

        if ( t==0 ) { t=index( ln, ") " ) }

        if ( t > 0 ) {

          printf "%s\n%s",substr( ln,1,t+1), substr(ln, t+2)

          lcnt=0

        }

        else {

          printf "%s", ln

          if ( ln0 < 78 ) { printf "\n" ; lcnt=0 }

        }

      }

      else {

        printf "%s",substr(       0,s+1,length(substr(      0,s+1))-1 )

        if ( ln0 < 78 ) { printf "\n" ; lcnt=0 }

      }

    }

  }

  END { printf "\n/\n"}

' * |sed '1,2d; /^       / d;

s/STORAGE *(INI/~    STORAGE (INI/g;

s/, "/,~    "/g;

s/ (\"/~   &/g;

s/PCT[FI]/~    &/g;

s/[( ]PARTITION /~&/g;

s/) TABLESPACE/)~    TABLESPACE/g;

s/   , / ,~/g;

s/ DATAFILE  /&~/' | tr "~" "\n"

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>ksh /tmp/gettabddl.sh  /tmp/get_ddl.sql > /tmp/gen_tabddl.sql

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/gen_tabddl.sql

ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT"

/

CREATE TABLE "EMP"

    ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0),

    "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10),

    "JOB" VARCHAR2(9),

    "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0),

    "HIREDATE" DATE,

    "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2),

    "COMM" NUMBER(7, 2),

    "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0)) 

    PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255

    STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)

    TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS

/

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP"

    ("EMPNO" ) 

    PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255

    STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)

    TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING

/

ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT"

/

ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD  CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY

    ("EMPNO") USING INDEX

    PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255

    STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)

    TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING ENABLE

/

ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY

    ("DEPTNO") REFERENCES "DEPT"

    ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE

/

ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO"

/

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>

這樣運行起來就方便多了。

4.3.3  常見問題

1、 EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>oerr exp 91

00091, 00000, "Exporting questionable statistics."

// *Cause:  Export was able export statistics, but the statistics may not be

//          usuable. The statistics are questionable because one or more of

//          the following happened during export: a row error occurred, client

//          character set or NCHARSET does not match with the server, a query

//          clause was specified on export, only certain partitions or

//          subpartitions were exported, or a fatal error occurred while

//          processing a table.

// *Action: To export non-questionable statistics, change the client character

//          set or NCHARSET to match the server, export with no query clause,

//          export complete tables. If desired, import parameters can be

//          supplied so that only non-questionable statistics will be imported,

//          and all questionable statistics will be recalculated.

 

該問題因爲客戶端的NLS_LANG設置有問題致使的：

1）查詢數據庫的字符集

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual; 

USERENV('LANGUAGE') 
---------------------------------------------------- 
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK 

2）設置Linux操做系統的NLS_LANG環境變量 
[oracle@RH207 exp]$export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

 

2、 IMP-00013: only a DBA can import a file exported by another DBA

導入用戶的權限不夠，咱們能夠賦權：grant imp_full_database to user_xxx;便可。

若仍是報錯，能夠嘗試：alter user user_xxx default role all;確保查詢dba_role_privs中的DEFAULT_ROLE列的值爲YES。

 

4.3.4  使用strace來跟蹤exp

strace exp n1/n1 tables=scott.emp file=a.dmp

strace -c -p 25805

 

4.3.5  從生成的dmp文件能夠獲取到的信息

1、 獲取基本信息：導出的版本、時間、導出的用戶

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>strings exp_ddl_lhr_02.dmp | head -10

TEXPORT:V11.02.00  ====》版本號 

DSYS    ====》使用SYS用戶導出

RTABLES ====》基於表模式導出，RUSERS表示基於用戶模式,RENTIRE表示基於全庫模式

4096

Tue Aug 2 16:8:8 2016/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_02.dmp====》生成的時間和文件地址

#C#G

#C#G

+00:00

BYTE

UNUSED

 

2、 獲取dmp文件中的表信息

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>strings  exp_ddl_lhr_02.dmp | grep "CREATE TABLE"|awk '{print $3}'|sed 's/"//g'

EMP ====》說明exp_ddl_lhr_02.dmp中只有一個emp表

 

3、 解析dmp文件生成parfile文件

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>strings  exp_ddl_lhr_03.dmp | grep "CREATE TABLE"|awk '{print 3}'|sed 's/"//g'|awk '{ if (FNR==1) print "tables="       1 ; else print ","$1 }'

tables=DEF$_AQCALL

,DEF$_AQERROR

,DEF$_CALLDEST

,DEF$_DEFAULTDEST

,DEF$_DESTINATION

,DEF$_ERROR

,DEF$_LOB

,DEF$_ORIGIN

,DEF$_PROPAGATOR

,DEF$_PUSHED_TRANSACTIONS

,MVIEW$_ADV_INDEX

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>

其實這個可使用UE或editplus文本編輯器的列模式實現也很快。

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