爲了能讓其它設備能夠發現其設備,先啓動特定廣播。看本身須要什麼廣播格式。html
對於廣播可見的mac address:android
在調用startAdvertising();時,mac address 就會改變。ios
而且跟mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();獲取到的藍牙mac 地址不同。shell
這是由於在android 5.0 以後,爲了保護真正的mac address。編程
在廣播出來的地址,是通過隨機可解析隱祕轉換的(Resolvable private address)。數組
因此要在廣播數據中添加mac address 輸出,就要用靜態藍牙地址。安全
BLE設備的地址類型:
一個BLE設備,可使用兩種類型的地址(一個BLE設備可同時具有兩種地址):dom
一、 Public Device Address (公有地址)ide
該地址須要向IEEE申請(購買),IEEE保證地址的惟一性。函數
二、Random Device Address (隨機地址)
設備地址不是固定分配的,而是在設備設備啓動後隨機生成的。
Random Device Address分爲:
(1)Static Device Address (靜態地址)
在一個上電週期內保持不變。地址隨機生成。
(2)Private Device Address (私有地址)
經過定時更新和地址加密兩種方法,提升藍牙地址的可靠性和安全性。
Private Device Address分爲
1) Non-resolvable Private Address (不可解析私有地址)
會定時更新。以T_GAP(private_addr_int)爲週期,建議15分鐘。
2) Resolvable Private Address (可解析私有地址)
以T_GAP(private_addr_int)爲週期,定時更新。哪怕在廣播、掃描、已鏈接等過程當中,也可能改變。它經過一個隨機數和一個稱做identity resolving key (IRK) 的密碼生成,所以只能被擁有相同IPK的設備掃描到,能夠防止被未知設備掃描和追蹤。
android 對外發出廣播,都同樣,只是更改其中的方法:
android BLE Peripheral 模擬 ibeacon 發出ble 廣播
開始廣播: 增長使用BluetoothGattServer
1 public void startAdvertising(MockServerCallBack callBack) {
2 //獲取BluetoothLeAdvertiser,BLE發送BLE廣播用的一個API
3 if (mBluetoothAdvertiser == null) {
4 mBluetoothAdvertiser = mBluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeAdvertiser();
5 }
6 //建立BluetoothGattServerCallback,
7 // MockServerCallBack這個類繼承自BluetoothGattServerCallback
8 // BluetoothGattServerCallback這個回調類主要是一些BLE讀寫的接口
9 // 關於BLE讀寫的操做都在這個Callback中完成
10 if (mBluetoothAdvertiser != null) {
11 mMockServerCallBack = callBack;
12 //打開BluetoothGattServer
13 mGattServer = mBluetoothManager.openGattServer(mActivity, mMockServerCallBack);
14 if (mGattServer == null) {
15 Log.e(TAG, "gatt is null");
16 }
17 try {
18 mMockServerCallBack.setupServices(mActivity, mGattServer);
20 mBluetoothAdvertiser.startAdvertising(createAdvSettings(true, 0)
21 , createAdvertiseData(BluetoothUUID.bleServerUUID), mAdvCallback);
22 } catch (Exception e) {
23 Log.v(TAG, "Fail to setup BleService");
24 }
25 }
26
27 isAdvertising = true;
28 }
建立廣播,添加serviceUuid,廣播內容,自行決定。
addServiceUuid(ParcelUuid serviceUuid) 的做用。
廣播數據加入serviceUuid , 當其它設備掃描時,就能夠根據此serviceUuid進行特定掃描.
掃描BLE設備的時候:啓動掃描時,有可選參數,傳入uuid數組。
BluetoothAdapter
public boolean startLeScan(final UUID[] serviceUuids, final LeScanCallback callback);
使用該函數啓動掃描的,會根據所傳入的uuid,去掃描過濾,只返回符合條件的設備。
注意:部分手機可能設置uuid後,掃描不到設備,可能底層掃描問題。
1 public static AdvertiseData createAdvertiseData(UUID proximityUuid) {
2 AdvertiseData.Builder builder = new AdvertiseData.Builder();
4 builder.addManufacturerData(0x0301, new byte[]{0x01, 0x03});
5 builder.addServiceUuid(ParcelUuid.fromString(BluetoothUUID.bleServerUUID.toString())
7 AdvertiseData adv = builder.build();
10 return adv;
11 }
BluetoothGattServerCallback:服務事件的回調
打開notification 對應的value爲 BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
打開indication 對應的value爲 BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_INDICATION_VALUE
關閉notification 對應的value均爲BluetoothGattDescriptor.DISABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
服務事件響應過程:
(1) 當客戶端開始寫入數據時: 觸發回調方法 onDescriptorWriteRequest
(2) 在 onDescriptorWriteRequest 方法中,執行下面的方法表示 寫入成功 BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS
1 bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
2 // 執行 sendResponse後,會觸發回調方法 onCharacteristicWriteRequest
(3) 在 onCharacteristicWriteRequest方法中:
1 public void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId
2 , BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] requestBytes) {
3 // 這個裏能夠得到 來自客戶端發來的數據 requestBytes
4 }
(4) 處理響應內容
BluetoothGattServerCallback :
1 public class MockServerCallBack extends BluetoothGattServerCallback {
2
3 public void setupServices(Context context, BluetoothGattServer gattServer) throws InterruptedException {
4 if (gattServer == null) {
5 throw new IllegalArgumentException("gattServer is null");
6 }
7 mGattServer = gattServer;
8 // 設置一個GattService以及BluetoothGattCharacteristic
9 BluetoothGattService service = new BluetoothGattService(BluetoothUUID.bleServerUUID,
10 BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);
11
12 BluetoothGattService service2 = new BluetoothGattService(BluetoothUUID.bleServerUUID2,
13 BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);
14
15 //add a read characteristic.
16 // 當是ios設備鏈接過來時,需添加BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE或者notify進行兼容。
17 mCharacteristicRead = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(BluetoothUUID.readDataUUID
18 , BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE
19 , BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_READ);
20 //add a descriptor
21 BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = new BluetoothGattDescriptor(BluetoothUUID.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG
22 , BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);
23 mCharacteristicRead.addDescriptor(descriptor);
24 service.addCharacteristic(mCharacteristicRead);
25
26 BluetoothGattCharacteristic write = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(
27 BluetoothUUID.writeDataUUID,
28 BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE,
29 BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);
30
31 service.addCharacteristic(write);
32
33 if (mGattServer != null && service != null) {
34 mGattServer.addService(service);
35 mGattServer.addService(service2);
36 }
37
38 }
39
40 //當添加一個GattService成功後會回調改接口。
41 public void onServiceAdded(int status, BluetoothGattService service) {
42 super.onServiceAdded(status, service);
43 if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
44 Log.d(TAG, "onServiceAdded status=GATT_SUCCESS service=" + service.getUuid().toString());
45 } else {
46 Log.d(TAG, "onServiceAdded status!=GATT_SUCCESS");
47 }
48 }
49
50 //BLE設備鏈接狀態發生改變後回調的接口
51 public void onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice device, int status,
52 int newState) {
53 super.onConnectionStateChange(device, status, newState);
54 Log.e(TAG, String.format("1.onConnectionStateChange:device name = %s, address = %s"
55 , device.getName(), device.getAddress()));
56 Log.d(TAG, "onConnectionStateChange status=" + status + "->" + newState);
57 if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
58 btClient = null; // 移除客戶端鏈接設備 59 }
60 }
61
62 //當有客戶端來讀數據時回調的接口
64 /**
65 * 特徵被讀取。當回覆響應成功後,客戶端會讀取而後觸發本方法,
66 */
67 public void onCharacteristicReadRequest(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice device,
68 int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
69 super.onCharacteristicReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, characteristic);
70 characteristic.setValue(new byte[]{0x03, 0x01});
71 Log.e(TAG, String.format("1.onCharacteristicReadRequest:device name = %s, address = %s"
72 , device.getName(), device.getAddress()));
73 Log.e(TAG, String.format("onCharacteristicReadRequest:requestId = %s, offset = %s", requestId, offset));
74 boolean result = mGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, characteristic.getValue());
75
76 Log.e(TAG, "read request send response:" + result);
77 }
78
79 //當有客戶端來寫數據時回調的接口
81 /**
82 * 接受具體數據字節
*/
86 @Override
87 public void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice device,
88 int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite,
89 boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {
90 super.onCharacteristicWriteRequest(device, requestId, characteristic, preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, value);
91 // 需調用 sendResponse 來響應,爲了保持鏈接。
92 mGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, null);
93
94 // 處理其它設備寫進來的數據
95 value. // 處理數據 byte[] value,記住鏈接設備 96
97 }
98
// 當有客戶端來寫Descriptor 時回調的接口
99 /** 描述被寫入時,在這裏執行bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS...) 時
* 觸發onCharacteristicWriteRequest **/
100 @Override
101 public void onDescriptorWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {
102 super.onDescriptorWriteRequest(device, requestId, descriptor, preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, value);
103
104 Log.d(TAG, "onDescriptorWriteRequest:" + Arrays.toString(value));
105 // now tell the connected device that this was all successfull
106 mGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
107 }
108
109 }
經過adb 獲取 藍牙 mac address:
1 adb shell settings get secure bluetooth_address
或者
1 // for Android 4.4.4
2 adb shell service call bluetooth_manager 10
3 // for Android 5.0+
4 adb shell service call bluetooth_manager 12
編程獲取bluetooth mac address :
1 String macAddress = android.provider.Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), "bluetooth_address");
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