node包管理工具npm的更多用法

時間 2019-11-16

標籤 node 包管工具 npm 更多用法简体版

原文原文鏈接

node的包管理工具npm

node如今的火熱程度一點都沒有降低，而成爲了前端必備工具，特別是npm的包庫已經成爲了前端必備的，即便你不接觸node做爲後端的存在，如今各類第三方包依然須要使用npm來管理，能夠說一個現代化的前段工程若是不使用相似npm這樣的包管理工具的話，應該不算一個大型工程。javascript

npm使用

官方網站：https://docs.npmjs.com/ ，npm的安裝什麼的就不說了，node的大部分版本也都自帶了npm，npm管理者node的大部分包，開發者能夠上傳本身寫的包供他人使用，也能夠下載使用別人寫好的包進行使用，
使用npm init 來進行初始化一個項目，會生成一個package.json文件，而版本管理就依賴這個文件，官方給的樣例文件：html

{
"version": "5.3.0",
"name": "npm",
"description": "a package manager for JavaScript",
"keywords": [
"install",
"modules",
"package manager",
"package.json"
],
"preferGlobal": true,
"config": {
"publishtest": false
},
"homepage": "https://docs.npmjs.com/",
"author": {
"name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
"email": "i@izs.me",
"url": "http://blog.izs.me"
},
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git+https://github.com/npm/npm.git"
},
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/npm/npm/issues"
},
"directories": {
"bin": "./bin",
"doc": "./doc",
"lib": "./lib",
"man": "./man"
},
"main": "./lib/npm.js",
"bin": {
"npm": "./bin/npm-cli.js",
"npx": "./bin/npx-cli.js"
},
"dependencies": {
"JSONStream": "~1.3.1",
"abbrev": "~1.1.0",
"ansi-regex": "~3.0.0",
"ansicolors": "~0.3.2",
"ansistyles": "~0.1.3",
"aproba": "~1.1.2",
"archy": "~1.0.0",
"bluebird": "~3.5.0",
"cacache": "~9.2.9",
"call-limit": "~1.1.0",
"chownr": "~1.0.1",
"cmd-shim": "~2.0.2",
"columnify": "~1.5.4",
"config-chain": "~1.1.11",
"detect-indent": "~5.0.0",
"dezalgo": "~1.0.3",
"editor": "~1.0.0",
"fs-vacuum": "~1.2.10",
"fs-write-stream-atomic": "~1.0.10",
"fstream": "~1.0.11",
"fstream-npm": "~1.2.1",
"glob": "~7.1.2",
"graceful-fs": "~4.1.11",
"has-unicode": "~2.0.1",
"hosted-git-info": "~2.5.0",
"iferr": "~0.1.5",
"inflight": "~1.0.6",
"inherits": "~2.0.3",
"ini": "~1.3.4",
"init-package-json": "~1.10.1",
"lazy-property": "~1.0.0",
"libnpx": "~9.2.0",
"lockfile": "~1.0.3",
"lodash._baseuniq": "~4.6.0",
"lodash.clonedeep": "~4.5.0",
"lodash.union": "~4.6.0",
"lodash.uniq": "~4.5.0",
"lodash.without": "~4.4.0",
"lru-cache": "~4.1.1",
"mississippi": "~1.3.0",
"mkdirp": "~0.5.1",
"move-concurrently": "~1.0.1",
"node-gyp": "~3.6.2",
"nopt": "~4.0.1",
"normalize-package-data": "~2.4.0",
"npm-cache-filename": "~1.0.2",
"npm-install-checks": "~3.0.0",
"npm-package-arg": "~5.1.2",
"npm-registry-client": "~8.4.0",
"npm-user-validate": "~1.0.0",
"npmlog": "~4.1.2",
"once": "~1.4.0",
"opener": "~1.4.3",
"osenv": "~0.1.4",
"pacote": "~2.7.38",
"path-is-inside": "~1.0.2",
"promise-inflight": "~1.0.1",
"read": "~1.0.7",
"read-cmd-shim": "~1.0.1",
"read-installed": "~4.0.3",
"read-package-json": "~2.0.10",
"read-package-tree": "~5.1.6",
"readable-stream": "~2.3.3",
"request": "~2.81.0",
"retry": "~0.10.1",
"rimraf": "~2.6.1",
"safe-buffer": "~5.1.1",
"semver": "~5.3.0",
"sha": "~2.0.1",
"slide": "~1.1.6",
"sorted-object": "~2.0.1",
"sorted-union-stream": "~2.1.3",
"ssri": "~4.1.6",
"strip-ansi": "~4.0.0",
"tar": "~2.2.1",
"text-table": "~0.2.0",
"uid-number": "0.0.6",
"umask": "~1.1.0",
"unique-filename": "~1.1.0",
"unpipe": "~1.0.0",
"update-notifier": "~2.2.0",
"uuid": "~3.1.0",
"validate-npm-package-name": "~3.0.0",
"which": "~1.2.14",
"worker-farm": "~1.4.1",
"wrappy": "~1.0.2",
"write-file-atomic": "~2.1.0",
"debuglog": "*",
"imurmurhash": "*",
"lodash._baseindexof": "*",
"lodash._bindcallback": "*",
"lodash._cacheindexof": "*",
"lodash._createcache": "*",
"lodash._getnative": "*",
"lodash.restparam": "*",
"readdir-scoped-modules": "*",
"validate-npm-package-license": "*"
},
"bundleDependencies": [
"abbrev",
"ansi-regex",
"ansicolors",
"ansistyles",
"aproba",
"archy",
"cacache",
"call-limit",
"bluebird",
"chownr",
"cmd-shim",
"columnify",
"config-chain",
"debuglog",
"detect-indent",
"dezalgo",
"editor",
"fs-vacuum",
"fs-write-stream-atomic",
"fstream",
"fstream-npm",
"glob",
"graceful-fs",
"has-unicode",
"hosted-git-info",
"iferr",
"imurmurhash",
"inflight",
"inherits",
"ini",
"init-package-json",
"JSONStream",
"lazy-property",
"lockfile",
"lodash._baseindexof",
"lodash._baseuniq",
"lodash._bindcallback",
"lodash._cacheindexof",
"lodash._createcache",
"lodash._getnative",
"lodash.clonedeep",
"lodash.restparam",
"lodash.union",
"lodash.uniq",
"lodash.without",
"lru-cache",
"mkdirp",
"mississippi",
"move-concurrently",
"node-gyp",
"nopt",
"normalize-package-data",
"npm-cache-filename",
"npm-install-checks",
"npm-package-arg",
"npm-registry-client",
"npm-user-validate",
"npmlog",
"once",
"opener",
"osenv",
"pacote",
"path-is-inside",
"promise-inflight",
"read",
"read-cmd-shim",
"read-installed",
"read-package-json",
"read-package-tree",
"readable-stream",
"readdir-scoped-modules",
"request",
"retry",
"rimraf",
"semver",
"sha",
"slide",
"sorted-object",
"sorted-union-stream",
"ssri",
"strip-ansi",
"tar",
"text-table",
"uid-number",
"umask",
"unique-filename",
"unpipe",
"update-notifier",
"uuid",
"validate-npm-package-license",
"validate-npm-package-name",
"which",
"wrappy",
"write-file-atomic",
"safe-buffer",
"worker-farm",
"libnpx"
],
"devDependencies": {
"deep-equal": "~1.0.1",
"marked": "~0.3.6",
"marked-man": "~0.2.1",
"npm-registry-couchapp": "~2.6.13",
"npm-registry-mock": "~1.1.0",
"require-inject": "~1.4.2",
"sprintf-js": "~1.1.1",
"standard": "~6.0.8",
"tacks": "~1.2.6",
"tap": "~10.7.0"
},
"scripts": {
"dumpconf": "env | grep npm | sort | uniq",
"prepare": "node bin/npm-cli.js --no-timing prune --prefix=. --no-global && rimraf test/*/*/node_modules && make -j4 doc",
"preversion": "bash scripts/update-authors.sh && git add AUTHORS && git commit -m \"update AUTHORS\" || true",
"tap": "tap --timeout 300",
"tap-cover": "tap --nyc-arg='--cache' --coverage --timeout 600",
"test": "standard && npm run test-tap",
"test-coverage": "npm run tap-cover -- \"test/tap/*.js\" \"test/network/*.js\" \"test/broken-under-*/*.js\"",
"test-tap": "npm run tap -- \"test/tap/*.js\" \"test/network/*.js\" \"test/broken-under-*/*.js\"",
"test-node": "tap --timeout 240 \"test/tap/*.js\" \"test/network/*.js\" \"test/broken-under-nyc*/*.js\""
},
"license": "Artistic-2.0",
"contributors": [
{
"name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
"email": "i@izs.me"
},
{
"name": "Steve Steiner",
"email": "ssteinerX@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Mikeal Rogers",
"email": "mikeal.rogers@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Aaron Blohowiak",
"email": "aaron.blohowiak@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Martyn Smith",
"email": "martyn@dollyfish.net.nz"
},
{
"name": "Charlie Robbins",
"email": "charlie.robbins@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Francisco Treacy",
"email": "francisco.treacy@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Cliffano Subagio",
"email": "cliffano@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Christian Eager",
"email": "christian.eager@nokia.com"
},
{
"name": "Dav Glass",
"email": "davglass@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Alex K. Wolfe",
"email": "alexkwolfe@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "James Sanders",
"email": "jimmyjazz14@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Reid Burke",
"email": "me@reidburke.com"
},
{
"name": "Arlo Breault",
"email": "arlolra@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Timo Derstappen",
"email": "teemow@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Bart Teeuwisse",
"email": "bart.teeuwisse@thecodemill.biz"
},
{
"name": "Ben Noordhuis",
"email": "info@bnoordhuis.nl"
},
{
"name": "Tor Valamo",
"email": "tor.valamo@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Whyme.Lyu",
"email": "5longluna@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Olivier Melcher",
"email": "olivier.melcher@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Toma啪 Muraus",
"email": "kami@k5-storitve.net"
},
{
"name": "Evan Meagher",
"email": "evan.meagher@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Orlando Vazquez",
"email": "ovazquez@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Kai Chen",
"email": "kaichenxyz@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "George Miroshnykov",
"email": "gmiroshnykov@lohika.com"
},
{
"name": "Geoff Flarity",
"email": "geoff.flarity@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Max Goodman",
"email": "c@chromakode.com"
},
{
"name": "Pete Kruckenberg",
"email": "pete@kruckenberg.com"
},
{
"name": "Laurie Harper",
"email": "laurie@holoweb.net"
},
{
"name": "Chris Wong",
"email": "chris@chriswongstudio.com"
},
{
"name": "Scott Bronson",
"email": "brons_github@rinspin.com"
},
{
"name": "Federico Romero",
"email": "federomero@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Visnu Pitiyanuvath",
"email": "visnupx@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Irakli Gozalishvili",
"email": "rfobic@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Mark Cahill",
"email": "mark@tiemonster.info"
},
{
"name": "Tony",
"email": "zearin@gonk.net"
},
{
"name": "Iain Sproat",
"email": "iainsproat@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Trent Mick",
"email": "trentm@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Felix Geisendo虉rfer",
"email": "felix@debuggable.com"
},
{
"name": "Jameson Little",
"email": "t.jameson.little@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Conny Brunnkvist",
"email": "conny@fuchsia.se"
},
{
"name": "Will Elwood",
"email": "w.elwood08@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Dean Landolt",
"email": "dean@deanlandolt.com"
},
{
"name": "Oleg Efimov",
"email": "efimovov@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Martin Cooper",
"email": "mfncooper@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Jann Horn",
"email": "jannhorn@googlemail.com"
},
{
"name": "Andrew Bradley",
"email": "cspotcode@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Maciej Ma艂ecki",
"email": "me@mmalecki.com"
},
{
"name": "Stephen Sugden",
"email": "glurgle@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Michael Budde",
"email": "mbudde@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Jason Smith",
"email": "jhs@iriscouch.com"
},
{
"name": "Gautham Pai",
"email": "buzypi@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "David Trejo",
"email": "david.daniel.trejo@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Paul Vorbach",
"email": "paul@vorb.de"
},
{
"name": "George Ornbo",
"email": "george@shapeshed.com"
},
{
"name": "Tim Oxley",
"email": "secoif@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Tyler Green",
"email": "tyler.green2@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Dave Pacheco",
"email": "dap@joyent.com"
},
{
"name": "Danila Gerasimov",
"email": "danila.gerasimov@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Rod Vagg",
"email": "rod@vagg.org"
},
{
"name": "Christian Howe",
"email": "coderarity@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Andrew Lunny",
"email": "alunny@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Henrik Hodne",
"email": "dvyjones@binaryhex.com"
},
{
"name": "Adam Blackburn",
"email": "regality@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Kris Windham",
"email": "kriswindham@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Jens Grunert",
"email": "jens.grunert@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Joost-Wim Boekesteijn",
"email": "joost-wim@boekesteijn.nl"
},
{
"name": "Dalmais Maxence",
"email": "root@ip-10-195-202-5.ec2.internal"
},
{
"name": "Marcus Ekwall",
"email": "marcus.ekwall@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Aaron Stacy",
"email": "aaron.r.stacy@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Phillip Howell",
"email": "phowell@cothm.org"
},
{
"name": "Domenic Denicola",
"email": "domenic@domenicdenicola.com"
},
{
"name": "James Halliday",
"email": "mail@substack.net"
},
{
"name": "Jeremy Cantrell",
"email": "jmcantrell@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Ribettes",
"email": "patlogan29@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Don Park",
"email": "donpark@docuverse.com"
},
{
"name": "Einar Otto Stangvik",
"email": "einaros@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Kei Son",
"email": "heyacct@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Nicolas Morel",
"email": "marsup@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Mark Dube",
"email": "markisdee@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Nathan Rajlich",
"email": "nathan@tootallnate.net"
},
{
"name": "Maxim Bogushevich",
"email": "boga1@mail.ru"
},
{
"name": "Meaglin",
"email": "Meaglin.wasabi@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Ben Evans",
"email": "ben@bensbit.co.uk"
},
{
"name": "Nathan Zadoks",
"email": "nathan@nathan7.eu"
},
{
"name": "Brian White",
"email": "mscdex@mscdex.net"
},
{
"name": "Jed Schmidt",
"email": "tr@nslator.jp"
},
{
"name": "Ian Livingstone",
"email": "ianl@cs.dal.ca"
},
{
"name": "Patrick Pfeiffer",
"email": "patrick@buzzle.at"
},
{
"name": "Paul Miller",
"email": "paul@paulmillr.com"
},
{
"name": "Ryan Emery",
"email": "seebees@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Carl Lange",
"email": "carl@flax.ie"
},
{
"name": "Jan Lehnardt",
"email": "jan@apache.org"
},
{
"name": "Stuart P. Bentley",
"email": "stuart@testtrack4.com"
},
{
"name": "Johan Sk枚ld",
"email": "johan@skold.cc"
},
{
"name": "Stuart Knightley",
"email": "stuart@stuartk.com"
},
{
"name": "Niggler",
"email": "nirk.niggler@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Paolo Fragomeni",
"email": "paolo@async.ly"
},
{
"name": "Jaakko Manninen",
"email": "jaakko@rocketpack.fi"
},
{
"name": "Luke Arduini",
"email": "luke.arduini@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Larz Conwell",
"email": "larz@larz-laptop.(none)",
"url": "none"
},
{
"name": "Marcel Klehr",
"email": "mklehr@gmx.net"
},
{
"name": "Robert Kowalski",
"email": "rok@kowalski.gd"
},
{
"name": "Forbes Lindesay",
"email": "forbes@lindesay.co.uk"
},
{
"name": "Vaz Allen",
"email": "vaz@tryptid.com"
},
{
"name": "Jake Verbaten",
"email": "raynos2@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Schabse Laks",
"email": "Dev@SLaks.net"
},
{
"name": "Florian Margaine",
"email": "florian@margaine.com"
},
{
"name": "Johan Nordberg",
"email": "its@johan-nordberg.com"
},
{
"name": "Ian Babrou",
"email": "ibobrik@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Di Wu",
"email": "dwu@palantir.com"
},
{
"name": "Mathias Bynens",
"email": "mathias@qiwi.be"
},
{
"name": "Matt McClure",
"email": "matt.mcclure@mapmyfitness.com"
},
{
"name": "Matt Lunn",
"email": "matt@mattlunn.me.uk"
},
{
"name": "Alexey Kreschuk",
"email": "akrsch@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "elisee",
"email": "elisee@sparklin.org"
},
{
"name": "Robert Gieseke",
"email": "robert.gieseke@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Franc擡ois Frisch",
"email": "francoisfrisch@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Trevor Burnham",
"email": "tburnham@hubspot.com"
},
{
"name": "Alan Shaw",
"email": "alan@freestyle-developments.co.uk"
},
{
"name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
"email": "tj@vision-media.ca"
},
{
"name": "Nicholas Kinsey",
"email": "pyro@feisty.io"
},
{
"name": "Paulo Cesar",
"email": "pauloc062@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Elan Shanker",
"email": "elan.shanker@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Jon Spencer",
"email": "jon@jonspencer.ca"
},
{
"name": "Jason Diamond",
"email": "jason@diamond.name"
},
{
"name": "Maximilian Antoni",
"email": "mail@maxantoni.de"
},
{
"name": "Thom Blake",
"email": "tblake@brightroll.com"
},
{
"name": "Jess Martin",
"email": "jessmartin@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Spain Train",
"email": "michael.spainhower@opower.com"
},
{
"name": "Alex Rodionov",
"email": "p0deje@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Matt Colyer",
"email": "matt@colyer.name"
},
{
"name": "Evan You",
"email": "yyx990803@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "bitspill",
"email": "bitspill+github@bitspill.net"
},
{
"name": "Gabriel Falkenberg",
"email": "gabriel.falkenberg@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Alexej Yaroshevich",
"email": "alex@qfox.ru"
},
{
"name": "Quim Calpe",
"email": "quim@kalpe.com"
},
{
"name": "Steve Mason",
"email": "stevem@brandwatch.com"
},
{
"name": "Wil Moore III",
"email": "wil.moore@wilmoore.com"
},
{
"name": "Sergey Belov",
"email": "peimei@ya.ru"
},
{
"name": "Tom Huang",
"email": "hzlhu.dargon@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "CamilleM",
"email": "camille.moulin@alterway.fr"
},
{
"name": "S茅bastien Santoro",
"email": "dereckson@espace-win.org"
},
{
"name": "Evan Lucas",
"email": "evan@btc.com"
},
{
"name": "Quinn Slack",
"email": "qslack@qslack.com"
},
{
"name": "Alex Kocharin",
"email": "alex@kocharin.ru"
},
{
"name": "Daniel Santiago",
"email": "daniel.santiago@highlevelwebs.com"
},
{
"name": "Denis Gladkikh",
"email": "outcoldman@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Andrew Horton",
"email": "andrew.j.horton@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Zeke Sikelianos",
"email": "zeke@sikelianos.com"
},
{
"name": "Dylan Greene",
"email": "dylang@gmail.com"
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"name": "Zirak",
"email": "zirakertan@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Daniel Lupu",
"email": "lupu.daniel.f@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Gianluca Casati",
"email": "fibo@users.noreply.github.com"
},
{
"name": "Andr茅 Herculano",
"email": "andresilveirah@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Wyatt Preul",
"email": "wpreul@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Myles Borins",
"email": "mborins@us.ibm.com"
},
{
"name": "Elliot Lee",
"email": "github.public@intelliot.com"
},
{
"name": "Dmitry Kirilyuk",
"email": "gk.joker@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Aaron Tribou",
"email": "aaron.tribou@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Tapani Moilanen",
"email": "moilanen.tapani@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Han Seoul-Oh",
"email": "laughinghan@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Aleksey Shvayka",
"email": "shvaikalesh@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Emma Ramirez",
"email": "ramirez.emma.g@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Julian Duque",
"email": "julianduquej@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Simon MacDonald",
"email": "simon.macdonald@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Adam Stankiewicz",
"email": "sheerun@sher.pl"
},
{
"name": "Gregers Gram Rygg",
"email": "gregers.gram.rygg@finn.no"
},
{
"name": "Peter Dave Hello",
"email": "hsu@peterdavehello.org"
},
{
"name": "Jordan Klassen",
"email": "forivall@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Jason Palmer",
"email": "jason@jason-palmer.com"
},
{
"name": "Michael Hart",
"email": "michael.hart.au@gmail.com"
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{
"name": "Sasha Koss",
"email": "koss@nocorp.me"
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{
"name": "David Emmerson",
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{
"name": "Christophe Hurpeau",
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{
"name": "Daniel Paz-Soldan",
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"email": "thechargingvolcano@gmail.com"
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{
"name": "Zach Renner",
"email": "zarenner@microsoft.com"
},
{
"name": "Christopher Hiller",
"email": "boneskull@boneskull.com"
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{
"name": "legodude17",
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{
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{
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"email": "contact@mstoiber.com"
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{
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"email": "lholmqui@redhat.com"
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{
"name": "Ionic膬 Biz膬u",
"email": "bizauionica@gmail.com"
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{
"name": "Alex Chesters",
"email": "AlexChesters@users.noreply.github.com"
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{
"name": "Robert Gay",
"email": "robert.gay@redfin.com"
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{
"name": "Steven",
"email": "stevokk@hotmail.com"
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{
"name": "Tim Caswell",
"email": "tim@creationix.com"
},
{
"name": "Anna Henningsen",
"email": "github@addaleax.net"
},
{
"name": "Kim R酶en",
"email": "kim@kimroen.com"
},
{
"name": "Douglas Wilson",
"email": "dougwilson@live.com"
},
{
"name": "Mike Engel",
"email": "mike@mike-engel.com"
},
{
"name": "baderbuddy",
"email": "baderbuddy@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Alex Jordan",
"email": "alex@strugee.net"
},
{
"name": "Ville Lahdenvuo",
"email": "tuhoojabotti@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Natalie Wolfe",
"email": "nwolfe@newrelic.com"
},
{
"name": "Andrew Schmadel",
"email": "aschmadel@learningobjects.com"
},
{
"name": "Jonah Moses",
"email": "jonahkmoses@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Daijir艒 Wachi",
"email": "daijiro.wachi@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Dmitry Litvinchenko",
"email": "karaliti@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "chocolateboy",
"email": "chocolate@cpan.org"
},
{
"name": "Henry Zhu",
"email": "hi@henryzoo.com"
},
{
"name": "Nate Goldman",
"email": "ungoldman@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Ted Yavuzkurt",
"email": "hello@TedY.io"
},
{
"name": "Arseniy Maximov",
"email": "localhost@kern0.ru"
},
{
"name": "Joshua Bennett",
"email": "legodude17@users.noreply.github.com"
},
{
"name": "Evgeny Kulikov",
"email": "beyondcompute@users.noreply.github.com"
},
{
"name": "小瀉芯脅芯褉芯寫邪 袧懈瀉懈褌邪 袗薪寫褉械械脅懈褔",
"email": "chalkerx@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Carol",
"email": "carol.nichols@gmail.com",
"url": "Nichols || Goulding"
},
{
"name": "Jarid Margolin",
"email": "jaridmargolin@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "David Cook",
"email": "divergentdave@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Brian Dukes",
"email": "bdukes@engagesoftware.com"
},
{
"name": "J F",
"email": "git@twopointzero.us"
},
{
"name": "Pavlo Liulia",
"email": "pavloblack@hotmail.com"
},
{
"name": "J謾n Dzurek",
"email": "famousgarkin@outlook.com"
},
{
"name": "Lucas Theisen",
"email": "ltheisen@mitre.org"
},
{
"name": "Mike Sherov",
"email": "mike.sherov@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "鍚涘畾璋旂殑鐚�",
"email": "hh_2013@foxmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Pawe艂 Lula",
"email": "pavloblack@hotmail.com"
},
{
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},
{
"name": "George Rawlinson",
"email": "george@rawlinson.net.nz"
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{
"name": "Jack Nagel",
"email": "jacknagel@users.noreply.github.com"
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{
"name": "Andreas Kohn",
"email": "andreas.kohn@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Jason Wohlgemuth",
"email": "jhwohlgemuth@users.noreply.github.com"
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{
"name": "Ryan Graham",
"email": "r.m.graham@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Hirse",
"email": "jan.pilzer@gmx.de"
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{
"name": "Colin Rotherham",
"email": "work@colinr.com"
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{
"name": "Aki",
"email": "hi@akiro.se"
},
{
"name": "Emily Marigold Klassen",
"email": "forivall@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Ramana Venkata",
"email": "idlike2dream@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "kierendixon",
"email": "knitesoulja@hotmail.com"
},
{
"name": "R謾cz Tibor Zolt謾n",
"email": "racztiborzoltan@gmail.com"
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{
"name": "Guangcong Luo",
"email": "guangcongluo@gmail.com"
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{
"name": "Steven",
"email": "steven@ceriously.com"
},
{
"name": "Jan Pilzer",
"email": "jan.pilzer@gmx.de"
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{
"name": "Leonard Martin",
"email": "leonard.martin@gmail.com"
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{
"name": "Teddy Katz",
"email": "teddy.katz@gmail.com"
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{
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"email": "leggsimon@gmail.com"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"email": "intellix@users.noreply.github.com"
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{
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"email": "enrico.weigelt@gr13.net"
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{
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這個會比較大，看一個簡單的縮影：前端

{
      "name": "algorithms-combined-js",
      "version": "1.0.1",
      "description": "algorithms for combined",
      "main": "libs/index.js",
      "scripts": {
        "build":"babel src -d libs",
        "prepublish":"npm run build",
        "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
      },
      "repository": {
        "type": "git",
        "url": "git+https://github.com/rawbin-/algorithms-combined-js.git"
      },
      "keywords": [
        "algorithms",
        "javascript",
        "combination",
        "arrangement"
      ],
      "author": "rawbin-",
      "license": "ISC",
      "bugs": {
        "url": "https://github.com/rawbin-/algorithms-combined-js/issues"
      },
      "homepage": "https://github.com/rawbin-/algorithms-combined-js#readme",
      "devDependencies": {
        "babel-cli": "^6.18.0",
        "babel-preset-es2015": "^6.18.0",
        "babel-preset-stage-0": "^6.16.0"
      },
      "dependencies": {
        "underscore": "^1.8.3"
      }
    }

版本

做爲包管理工具，最爲重要的就是版本管理，版本管理主要在package.json裏面體如今一下幾種書寫方式：java

使用> >= < <= = 和 ||來組合具體範圍 1.2.7 || >=1.2.9 <2.0.0
使用-來指定範圍 1.2.3 - 2.3.4 等於 >=1.2.3 <=2.3.4
使用x X * 或者留空來指定版本通配 1.x 等於 >=1.0.0 <2.0.0
使用~來指定最鄰近右邊的大版本範圍，放開小版本的變動
~1.2.3 := >=1.2.3 <1.(2+1).0 := >=1.2.3 <1.3.0
~1.2 := >=1.2.0 <1.(2+1).0 := >=1.2.0 <1.3.0 (Same as 1.2.x)
~1 := >=1.0.0 <(1+1).0.0 := >=1.0.0 <2.0.0 (Same as 1.x)
~0.2.3 := >=0.2.3 <0.(2+1).0 := >=0.2.3 <0.3.0
~0.2 := >=0.2.0 <0.(2+1).0 := >=0.2.0 <0.3.0 (Same as 0.2.x)
~0 := >=0.0.0 <(0+1).0.0 := >=0.0.0 <1.0.0 (Same as 0.x)
使用^來限定最左邊的大版本
^1.2.3 := >=1.2.3 <2.0.0
^0.2.3 := >=0.2.3 <0.3.0
^0.0.3 := >=0.0.3 <0.0.4

script

scripts 配置使用npm能運行的腳本的命令，npm 容許在package.json文件裏面，使用scripts字段定義腳本命令。這個字段的內容比較豐富，也常常用到：node

prepublish publish postpublish
preinstall install postinstall
preuninstall uninstall postuninstall
preversion version postversion
pretest test posttest
prestop stop poststop
prestart start poststart
prerestart restart postrestart

任意命令的運行方式爲npm run scriptname,特殊的start stop restart test 能夠直接用npm scriptname來運行，git

script部分能夠參考看：http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blo...github

經常使用命令

npm i xxx -g === npm install xxx --global
npm i xxx -S === npm install xxx --save
npm i xxx -D === npm install xxx --save-dev
npm un xxx === npm uninstall xxx
npm ls /查看安裝的包
npm clean --force //強制清理安裝的包
npm publish xxx
npm unpublish xxx

設置源

有的時候可能會出現安裝一些包的時候特別慢，因此須要設置一下國內的源，最爲通用的就是taobao的源，也但是使用其配置的npm別名cnpm，只不過是npm直接把源設置爲國內的淘寶源，使用方法：web

//設置別名，注意區分本身的終端是bash仍是zsh
alias cnpm="npm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org \
--cache=$HOME/.npm/.cache/cnpm \
--disturl=https://npm.taobao.org/dist \
--userconfig=$HOME/.cnpmrc"

# Or alias it in .bashrc or .zshrc
$ echo '\n#alias for cnpm\nalias cnpm="npm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org \
  --cache=$HOME/.npm/.cache/cnpm \
  --disturl=https://npm.taobao.org/dist \
  --userconfig=$HOME/.cnpmrc"' >> ~/.zshrc && source ~/.zshrc

臨時性的：apache