Spring的核心思想是IOC(Inversion of Control),DI其實就是IOC的另一種說法。所謂IoC,對於spring框架來講,就是由spring來負責控制對象的生命週期和對象間的關係。當一個對象須要使用其它對象時,經過Spring容器動態的向這個對象提供它所須要的其餘對象。這一點是經過DI(Dependency Injection,依賴注入)來實現的。html
這裏提到Spring IOC主要是爲了說明Spring IOC中的(Convention over configuration) -- 約定優於配置的一個體現,那就是類型轉換。Spring把它包裝得太好了,可能你們都沒有意識到。我下面簡單的舉一個例子:前端
一、User.java -- 實體類java
public class User { private String name; private Integer age; // getter and setter }
二、beans.xml -- Spring配置文件spring
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="user" class="com.carlzone.springboot.mybatis.User"> <property name="name" value="carl" /> <property name="age" value="27" /> </bean> </beans>
三、Main.java 測試類segmentfault
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("test-beans.xml"); User user = context.getBean(User.class); System.out.println(user); } }
結果毫無疑問,控制檯會把User類的name和age輸出出來。可是你們有不有想過這樣一個問題,在對象實體User中,咱們的屬性類型這裏有String,也有Integer.固然這裏舉了2個簡單的數據類型,Spring還支持更加複雜的數據類型。Spring是如何把咱們配置在xml裏面的屬性轉換成咱們須要的類型呢?是否是以前沒有想過這個問題,下面咱們就來分析一下Spring內部是如何這個類型轉換的。springboot
其實我以前在看Spring 源碼的時候,對於Spring IOC這塊一直都看得不是很明白。直到以前看公司代碼的時候讓我看到了項目中使用了 FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean這個對象。其實這個對象是一個Factory Bean,若是你們對於這個概念不太明白能夠看我以前的blog -- Spring bean 之 FactoryBean。經過對這個對象的源碼分析讓我明白了Spring的類型轉換是若是實現的。mybatis
Spring從Spring 3開始新添加了一個包core.conver
用來提供通常類型的轉換系統。這個系統中定義了SPI在運行時期來實現類型轉換邏輯。在Spring容器中,這個系統可使用PropertyEditors把bean的屬性值轉換成須要的類型。一樣的這個API一樣會在你的應用中被使用到。下面咱們來看一下Spring的類型轉換API。app
這個SPI用於實現類型轉換邏輯。框架
package org.springframework.core.convert.converter; public interface Converter<S, T> { T convert(S source); }
Formatter SPI用於實現格式化邏輯。ide
package org.springframework.format; public interface Formatter<T> extends Printer<T>, Parser<T> { }
Formatter是繼承自Printer,Parser接口
public interface Printer<T> { String print(T fieldValue, Locale locale); }
import java.text.ParseException; public interface Parser<T> { T parse(String clientValue, Locale locale) throws ParseException; }
不難看出雖然Format接口實際上是Converter接口的一個子集,它只是類型轉換的一種特例。
這裏只是簡單的介紹了一下Spring關於的Spring Type Conversion與Spring Field Formatting接口方便後續的分析。若是你們想要了解更多詳情能夠查看Spring官網的介紹。下面咱們就來看看Spring類型轉換的內部實現。
咱們仍是首先來看看咱們最開始提到的類,FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean。最開始也說到這個類實際上是一個FactoryBean。Spring IOC在進行容器初始的時候會經過它的getObject()
獲取到它想建立的對象。因此說個人目標就轉換到了FormattingConversionService這個對象。其實Spring真正建立的對象是DefaultFormattingConversionService。下面咱們就來看一下它的類繼承體系。
其實咱們看類繼承體系(e.g.:這裏只畫出了相關接口),主要仍是看它實現的接口,這樣就能夠大概知道這個類幹了哪些事。這個體系裏面有4個接口。
其實這裏最須要關注的還轉換服務的註冊以及轉換服務的獲取。在解釋這2個方法以前,再來介紹2個類:
一、GenericConverter
格式轉換包裝類,包裝Formatter以及Converter.內部類ConvertiblePair提供這兩種的索引。
public interface GenericConverter { Set<ConvertiblePair> getConvertibleTypes(); Object convert(Object source, TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType); final class ConvertiblePair { private final Class<?> sourceType; private final Class<?> targetType; public ConvertiblePair(Class<?> sourceType, Class<?> targetType) { Assert.notNull(sourceType, "Source type must not be null"); Assert.notNull(targetType, "Target type must not be null"); this.sourceType = sourceType; this.targetType = targetType; } public Class<?> getSourceType() { return this.sourceType; } public Class<?> getTargetType() { return this.targetType; } @Override public boolean equals(Object other) { if (this == other) { return true; } if (other == null || other.getClass() != ConvertiblePair.class) { return false; } ConvertiblePair otherPair = (ConvertiblePair) other; return (this.sourceType == otherPair.sourceType && this.targetType == otherPair.targetType); } @Override public int hashCode() { return (this.sourceType.hashCode() * 31 + this.targetType.hashCode()); } @Override public String toString() { return (this.sourceType.getName() + " -> " + this.targetType.getName()); } } }
二、ConditionalConverter
轉換條件類,判斷這個GenericConverter對象是否能夠進行轉換。
public interface ConditionalConverter { boolean matches(TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType); }
其實類型轉換的具體實現是在分爲Formatter與Converter的註冊。
addConverter()
.addFormatterXXX()
方法。它會把這兩個接口的實現都會轉換成上面提到的GenericConverter接口實現,而且註冊到GenericConversionService.Converters對象中,裏面有2個屬性。converters與globalConverters這兩個屬性中。
private static class Converters { private final Set<GenericConverter> globalConverters = new LinkedHashSet<GenericConverter>(); private final Map<ConvertiblePair, ConvertersForPair> converters = new LinkedHashMap<ConvertiblePair, ConvertersForPair>(36); public void add(GenericConverter converter) { Set<ConvertiblePair> convertibleTypes = converter.getConvertibleTypes(); if (convertibleTypes == null) { Assert.state(converter instanceof ConditionalConverter, "Only conditional converters may return null convertible types"); this.globalConverters.add(converter); } else { for (ConvertiblePair convertiblePair : convertibleTypes) { ConvertersForPair convertersForPair = getMatchableConverters(convertiblePair); convertersForPair.add(converter); } } } public GenericConverter find(TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType) { // Search the full type hierarchy List<Class<?>> sourceCandidates = getClassHierarchy(sourceType.getType()); List<Class<?>> targetCandidates = getClassHierarchy(targetType.getType()); for (Class<?> sourceCandidate : sourceCandidates) { for (Class<?> targetCandidate : targetCandidates) { ConvertiblePair convertiblePair = new ConvertiblePair(sourceCandidate, targetCandidate); GenericConverter converter = getRegisteredConverter(sourceType, targetType, convertiblePair); if (converter != null) { return converter; } } } return null; } }
當你實現Formatter、Converter接口時,它會把轉換接口以轉換源對象sourceType(Class<?>)
與轉換目標對象targetType(Class<?>)
生成ConvertiblePair對象插入到一個converters屬性中。若是你實現GenericConverter接口分爲兩種狀況:
1) 若是實現的getConvertibleTypes()返回你須要轉換的源對象與目標對象構成的Set<ConvertiblePair>
不爲空。它就會把轉換對象添加到converters屬性中。
2) 若是實現的getConvertibleTypes()返回你須要轉換的源對象與目標對象構成的Set<ConvertiblePair>
爲空。它會檢查它的類型是否是ConditionalConverter。因此若是你要實現GenericConverter而且實現getConvertibleTypes()方法返回爲空,那麼你同時須要實現ConditionalConverter。Spring提供了實現了這2個接口的接口ConditionalGenericConverter,你只須要實現它就好了。並且它會把這個轉換器添加到globalConverters屬性中。
在Spring中的自定義轉換中,當首先會查詢GenericConversionService.Converters中的converters屬性,而後纔會查詢GenericConversionService.Converters中的globalConverters屬性。因此說實現ConditionalGenericConverter的方法getConvertibleTypes()若是返回爲空,那麼它就是一個備胎。
Spring IOC在進行類型轉換的時候最終會調用在TypeConverterDelegate類的convertIfNecessary方法。下面咱們來看一這個方法的具體實現。
class TypeConverterDelegate { public <T> T convertIfNecessary(String propertyName, Object oldValue, Object newValue, Class<T> requiredType, TypeDescriptor typeDescriptor) throws IllegalArgumentException { // Custom editor for this type? PropertyEditor editor = this.propertyEditorRegistry.findCustomEditor(requiredType, propertyName); ConversionFailedException conversionAttemptEx = null; // No custom editor but custom ConversionService specified? ConversionService conversionService = this.propertyEditorRegistry.getConversionService(); if (editor == null && conversionService != null && newValue != null && typeDescriptor != null) { TypeDescriptor sourceTypeDesc = TypeDescriptor.forObject(newValue); if (conversionService.canConvert(sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor)) { try { return (T) conversionService.convert(newValue, sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor); } catch (ConversionFailedException ex) { // fallback to default conversion logic below conversionAttemptEx = ex; } } } Object convertedValue = newValue; // Value not of required type? if (editor != null || (requiredType != null && !ClassUtils.isAssignableValue(requiredType, convertedValue))) { if (typeDescriptor != null && requiredType != null && Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(requiredType) && convertedValue instanceof String) { TypeDescriptor elementTypeDesc = typeDescriptor.getElementTypeDescriptor(); if (elementTypeDesc != null) { Class<?> elementType = elementTypeDesc.getType(); if (Class.class == elementType || Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(elementType)) { convertedValue = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) convertedValue); } } } if (editor == null) { editor = findDefaultEditor(requiredType); } convertedValue = doConvertValue(oldValue, convertedValue, requiredType, editor); } boolean standardConversion = false; if (requiredType != null) { // Try to apply some standard type conversion rules if appropriate. if (convertedValue != null) { if (Object.class == requiredType) { return (T) convertedValue; } else if (requiredType.isArray()) { // Array required -> apply appropriate conversion of elements. if (convertedValue instanceof String && Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(requiredType.getComponentType())) { convertedValue = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) convertedValue); } return (T) convertToTypedArray(convertedValue, propertyName, requiredType.getComponentType()); } else if (convertedValue instanceof Collection) { // Convert elements to target type, if determined. convertedValue = convertToTypedCollection( (Collection<?>) convertedValue, propertyName, requiredType, typeDescriptor); standardConversion = true; } else if (convertedValue instanceof Map) { // Convert keys and values to respective target type, if determined. convertedValue = convertToTypedMap( (Map<?, ?>) convertedValue, propertyName, requiredType, typeDescriptor); standardConversion = true; } if (convertedValue.getClass().isArray() && Array.getLength(convertedValue) == 1) { convertedValue = Array.get(convertedValue, 0); standardConversion = true; } if (String.class == requiredType && ClassUtils.isPrimitiveOrWrapper(convertedValue.getClass())) { // We can stringify any primitive value... return (T) convertedValue.toString(); } else if (convertedValue instanceof String && !requiredType.isInstance(convertedValue)) { if (conversionAttemptEx == null && !requiredType.isInterface() && !requiredType.isEnum()) { try { Constructor<T> strCtor = requiredType.getConstructor(String.class); return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(strCtor, convertedValue); } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { // proceed with field lookup if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("No String constructor found on type [" + requiredType.getName() + "]", ex); } } catch (Exception ex) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Construction via String failed for type [" + requiredType.getName() + "]", ex); } } } String trimmedValue = ((String) convertedValue).trim(); if (requiredType.isEnum() && "".equals(trimmedValue)) { // It's an empty enum identifier: reset the enum value to null. return null; } convertedValue = attemptToConvertStringToEnum(requiredType, trimmedValue, convertedValue); standardConversion = true; } else if (convertedValue instanceof Number && Number.class.isAssignableFrom(requiredType)) { convertedValue = NumberUtils.convertNumberToTargetClass( (Number) convertedValue, (Class<Number>) requiredType); standardConversion = true; } } else { // convertedValue == null if (javaUtilOptionalEmpty != null && requiredType == javaUtilOptionalEmpty.getClass()) { convertedValue = javaUtilOptionalEmpty; } } if (!ClassUtils.isAssignableValue(requiredType, convertedValue)) { if (conversionAttemptEx != null) { // Original exception from former ConversionService call above... throw conversionAttemptEx; } else if (conversionService != null) { // ConversionService not tried before, probably custom editor found // but editor couldn't produce the required type... TypeDescriptor sourceTypeDesc = TypeDescriptor.forObject(newValue); if (conversionService.canConvert(sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor)) { return (T) conversionService.convert(newValue, sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor); } } // Definitely doesn't match: throw IllegalArgumentException/IllegalStateException StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder(); msg.append("Cannot convert value of type '").append(ClassUtils.getDescriptiveType(newValue)); msg.append("' to required type '").append(ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType)).append("'"); if (propertyName != null) { msg.append(" for property '").append(propertyName).append("'"); } if (editor != null) { msg.append(": PropertyEditor [").append(editor.getClass().getName()).append( "] returned inappropriate value of type '").append( ClassUtils.getDescriptiveType(convertedValue)).append("'"); throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg.toString()); } else { msg.append(": no matching editors or conversion strategy found"); throw new IllegalStateException(msg.toString()); } } } if (conversionAttemptEx != null) { if (editor == null && !standardConversion && requiredType != null && Object.class != requiredType) { throw conversionAttemptEx; } logger.debug("Original ConversionService attempt failed - ignored since " + "PropertyEditor based conversion eventually succeeded", conversionAttemptEx); } return (T) convertedValue; } }
這個Spring IOC類型轉換分爲如下4個步驟:
在Spring經過它的約定大於配置,它幫助咱們實現了一些默認的類型轉換。具體的默認的類型轉換在DefaultFormattingConversionService接口。能夠若是你的包依賴中沒有joda-time,Spring就不會提供String轉換Date的轉換服務。下面咱們就來自定義類型轉換服務:
public class Order { private Date createDt; public Date getCreateDt() { return createDt; } public void setCreateDt(Date createDt) { this.createDt = createDt; } @Override public String toString() { return "Order{" + "createDt=" + createDt + '}'; } }
public class StringToDateConverter implements Formatter<Date> { private String pattern; public StringToDateConverter(String pattern) { this.pattern = pattern; } @Override public Date parse(String text, Locale locale) throws ParseException { DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern, locale); return dateFormat.parse(text); } @Override public String print(Date date, Locale locale) { DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern, locale); return dateFormat.format(date); } }
@RestController public class ConverterController { @InitBinder public void init(DataBinder dataBinder){ dataBinder.addCustomFormatter(new StringToDateConverter("yyyy-MM-dd")); } @RequestMapping("converter") public Order converter(Order order){ return order; } }
@SpringBootApplication public class SpringBootMybatisApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringBootMybatisApplication.class, args); } }
經過訪問http://localhost:8080/conveter?createDt=2017-08-12
,根據以上的測試代碼就會返回如下的結果。
在Spring MVC中由於前端HttpServletRequest的傳值只會涉及到String,因此在Spring MVC在進行數據綁定的時候只開放的Formatter接口,而沒有開放Converter接口。
可是咱們可使用FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean
來註冊Converter接口。
public class FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<FormattingConversionService>, EmbeddedValueResolverAware, InitializingBean { private Set<?> converters; private Set<?> formatters; private Set<FormatterRegistrar> formatterRegistrars; }
它能夠註冊Converter與Formatter接口.Spring會在容器開始依賴注入以前檢測容器中是否有名稱有conversionService,就會把conversionService設計到BeanFactory當中,當類型轉換的時候就會把這個對象設置進去。
protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) { // Initialize conversion service for this context. if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) && beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) { beanFactory.setConversionService( beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)); } // Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early. String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false); for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) { getBean(weaverAwareName); } // Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching. beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null); // Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes. beanFactory.freezeConfiguration(); // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons. beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(); }
能夠看到在代碼最開始的時候就是判斷容器是否有這個對象。若是有就設置到BeanFactory裏面。代碼的最後面纔是Spring容器初始化單例bean的邏輯。
beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();