Zuul提供了服務網關的功能,能夠實現負載均衡、反向代理、動態路由、請求轉發等功能。
Zuul大部分功能是經過過濾器實現的,除了標準的四種過濾器類型,還支持自定義過濾器。java
使用@EnableZuulProxy註解,Spring容器初始化時,會將Zuul的相關配置初始化,其中包含一個Spring Boot的Bean:ServletRegistrationBean,該類主要用於註冊Servlet。在Servlet的service方法中,執行各類Zuul過濾器。下圖爲HTTP請求在ZuulServlet中的生命週期。web
Spring Boot Web項目中整合Zuul:spring
1、建立hello源服務項目apache
一、建立項目瀏覽器
開發工具:IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.3
IDEA中建立一個新的SpringBoot項目,名稱爲「hello-server」,SpringBoot版本選擇2.1.10,在選擇Dependencies(依賴)的界面勾選Web -> Spring Web。app
二、修改啓動類代碼負載均衡
添加一個hello服務maven
package com.example.helloserver; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class HelloServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HelloServerApplication.class, args); } @GetMapping("/hello/{name}") public String hello(@PathVariable String name){ return "hello " + name; } }
三、修改配置application.yml,指定端口號8090ide
server: port: 8090
2、測試路由功能spring-boot
一、建立項目
IDEA中建立一個新的SpringBoot項目,名稱爲「zuul-router」,SpringBoot版本選擇2.1.10,在選擇Dependencies(依賴)的界面勾選Web -> Spring Web,Spring Cloud Routing -> Zuul。
主要添加了spring-boot-starter-web和spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul兩個依賴項。
pom.xml完整內容以下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.10.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>zuul-router</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>zuul-router</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR4</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
二、修改啓動類代碼
增長註解@EnableZuulProxy
package com.example.zuulrouter; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy; @SpringBootApplication @EnableZuulProxy public class ZuulRouterApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ZuulRouterApplication.class, args); } }
三、修改配置application.yml
zuul: routes: test: url: http://localhost:8090
加入以上配置後,發送給http://localhost:8080/test的全部請求會被轉發到8090端口。
在瀏覽器訪問http://localhost:8080/test/hello/lc,頁面輸出:hello lc
上面路由配置省略了path,默認狀況下用routeId「test」做爲path。
修改成:
zuul: routes: test: path: /a/** url: http://localhost:8090 b: url: https://www.cnblogs.com/gdjlc
如今瀏覽器訪問http://localhost:8080/a/hello/lc,頁面輸出:hello lc
訪問http://localhost:8080/b,頁面顯示https://www.cnblogs.com/gdjlc的內容