openresty 前端開發進階一之http後端

作前端開發,大多數狀況下,都須要跟後端打交道,而最多見的方式則是經過http請求,進行通訊。

在openresty中,經過http跟後端整合通訊的方式又不少種,各有各的好處,能夠根據狀況交叉使用javascript

一、直接proxy

這種方式最簡單,也是咱們最熟悉的,直接配置一個反向代理,跟nginx的用法一致css

好比咱們有一個後端服務,提供用戶相關接口,是java寫的,端口8080,爲了簡單起見,我直接在openresty裏面配置一個server,模擬java端,經過一個簡單的案例的來講明狀況html

nginx.conf前端

worker_processes  1;

error_log logs/error.log;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    lua_package_path "/Users/john/opensource/openresty-web-dev/demo7/lua/?.lua;/usr/local/openresty/lualib/?.lua";
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        lua_code_cache off;

        location / {
            root html;
            index index.html;
        }

        location ~ ^/user {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        }

    }

    # 這個只是模擬後端
    server {
        listen 8080;
        server_name localhost;
        lua_code_cache off;
        location ~ /user/(.+) {
            default_type text/html; 
            content_by_lua_file lua/$1.lua;
        }
    }

}

上面配置了兩個location,將全部以/user開頭的請求都轉到後端的8080服務器,其餘的則是靜態頁面,直接從html目錄讀取,而後返回,從這裏開始就是前端開發了java

爲了簡單起見,假設後端提供了一個登錄接口,咱們這裏直接用lua來實現一下就行了,檢查用戶名跟密碼是admin,就返回成功,不然返回失敗react

lua/login.luajquery

local req = require "req"
local cjson = require "cjson"

local args = req.getArgs()

local username = args['username']
local password = args['password']

local res = {}

if username == "admin" and password == "admin" then
    res['ret'] = true
    res['token'] = ngx.md5('admin/' .. tostring(ngx.time()))
else
    res['ret'] = false
end

ngx.say(cjson.encode(res))

index.htmlnginx

<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Login Page</title>
</head>
<body>
    UserName: <input type="text" id="username" value="admin">
    Password: <input type="password" id="password" value="admin">
    <a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="login()">Login</a>
    <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        function login() {
            var username = $('#username').val();
            var password = $('#password').val();
            $.post('/user/login', {username: username, password: password}, function(res){
                console.log(res)
                var msg = res.ret ? "登陸成功" : "登陸失敗"
                alert(msg)
            }, 'json')
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

二、使用ngx.location.captruegit

這個方法主要用於發送內部請求,即請求當前server內的其餘location,默認會將當前請求的參數帶過去,也能夠手動指定參數,GET參數經過args傳遞,post參數經過body傳遞github

如:

local req = require "req"
local args = req.getArgs()

GET 調用

local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {

method = ngx.HTTP_GET,
args = args,

});

POST 調用

local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {

method = ngx.HTTP_POST,
body = ngx.encode_args(args),

});

如今咱們本身寫一個lua來調用後臺接口實現登錄,而後對請求作一點處理,實現一些額外的邏輯,好比在原來的參數上面加上一個from字段

lua/local-login.lua

local req = require "req"
local cjson = require "cjson"

local args = req.getArgs()

-- GET
local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {method = ngx.HTTP_GET, args = args})
-- POST
-- local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {method = ngx.HTTP_POST, body = ngx.encode_args(args)})

-- print(res.status) -- 狀態碼

if res.status == 200 then
    local ret = cjson.decode(res.body)
    ret['from'] = 'local'
    ngx.say(cjson.encode(ret))
else
    print(res.body)
    ngx.say('{"ret": false, "from": "local"}')
end

index.html 也須要改一下,多加一個按鈕,調用本地登錄接口

<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Login Page</title>
</head>
<body>
    UserName: <input type="text" id="username" value="admin">
    Password: <input type="password" id="password" value="admin">
    <a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="login()">Login</a>
    <a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="local_login()">Local Login</a>
    <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        function login() {
            var username = $('#username').val();
            var password = $('#password').val();
            $.post('/user/login', {username: username, password: password}, function(res){
                console.log(res)
                var msg = res.ret ? "登陸成功" : "登陸失敗"
                alert(msg)
            }, 'json')
        }

        function local_login() {
            var username = $('#username').val();
            var password = $('#password').val();
            $.post('/lua/local-login', {username: username, password: password}, function(res){
                console.log(res)
                var msg = res.ret ? "本地登陸成功" : "本地登陸失敗"
                alert(msg)
            }, 'json')
        }

    </script>
</body>
</html>

三、第三方模塊lua-resty-http

這種方式跟上面那種不一樣的地方是調用的時候,不會帶上本地請求的請求頭、cookie、以及請求參數,不過這也使得請求更純粹,不會帶上那些不必的東西,減小數據傳輸

最後local-login.lua 變成以下

local req = require "req"
local cjson = require "cjson"
local http = require "resty.http"

local args = req.getArgs()

-- GET
-- local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {method = ngx.HTTP_GET, args = args})

-- POST
-- local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {method = ngx.HTTP_POST, body = ngx.encode_args(args)})

-- http
local httpc = http.new()
local res = httpc:request_uri("http://127.0.0.1:8080/user/login", {
    method = "POST",
    body = ngx.encode_args(args),
    headers = {
        ["Accept"] = "application/json",
        ["Accept-Encoding"] = "utf-8",
        ["Cookie"] = ngx.req.get_headers()['Cookie'],
        ["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
    }
})
httpc:set_keepalive(60)

print(res.status) -- 狀態碼

if res.status == 200 then
    local ret = cjson.decode(res.body)
    ret['from'] = 'local'
    ngx.say(cjson.encode(ret))
else
    print(res.body)
    ngx.say('{"ret": false, "from": "local"}')
end

到此,基本上已經能經過openresty,作一些先後端的交互了,下次介紹怎麼使用openresty模板渲染,以及搭配react開發前端。

示例代碼 參見demo7部分

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