在CentOS7上安裝MySQL的心路歷程

時間  2019-11-06
標籤 centos7 centos 安裝 mysql 心路 歷程 欄目 Tomcat 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

今天忽然心血來潮，想把博客轉移到到本身的雲服務器上，嗯，想法不錯，正好能練練手（後來找到了別的解決方案Hexo，才發現本身有多幼稚，果真是腦子一熱，啥事想得出來，可是在這個過程當中也學到了一些東西）。CentOS上安裝MySQL數據庫，linux配mysql，哎喲，不錯哦。（→_→在找到別的解決方案後，立刻就被我給卸了）。node

二話不說上yum安裝大法mysql

[root@VM_235_40_centos ~]# yum install mysql
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.52-1.el7 for package: 1: mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.35-3.el7 will be updated
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package              Arch           Version                   Repository  Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 mariadb              x86_64         1:5.5.52-1.el7            os         8.7 M
Updating for dependencies:
 mariadb-libs         x86_64         1:5.5.52-1.el7            os         761 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package
Upgrade             ( 1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 9.5 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/2): mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                | 761 kB   00:00
(2/2): mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                     | 8.7 MB   00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                               16 MB/s | 9.5 MB  00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                           1/3
  Installing : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                                2/3
  Cleanup    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64                           3/3
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                                1/3
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                           2/3
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64                           3/3

Installed:
  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7

Dependency Updated:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7

Complete!

 

不知道是否是當時太興奮，也沒看安裝提示直接就填了yes，等安裝完傻眼了，MariaDB是什麼鬼。孤陋寡聞的我，趕緊去問度娘，原來是mysql的一個分支。
MariaDB
我想要個「正房」，你卻給我安了個「小三」；想養個海豚，你TM給我個海豹。
臥槽，我說這好歹也是IT三巨頭之一啊，yum庫居然連個mysql都沒有。linux

果斷把「小三」給刪了sql

[root@VM_235_40_centos ~]# yum erase mysql
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package          Arch            Version                    Repository    Size
================================================================================
Removing:
 mariadb          x86_64          1:5.5.52-1.el7             @os           48 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove  1 Package

Installed size: 48 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                                1/1
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                                1/1

Removed:
  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7

Complete!
  •  

唉，本身動手豐衣足食，上官網逛逛去。
mysql yum 安裝

mysql yum安裝嚮導
國外的東西就是好，東西給你了，連教程都準備好了，惋惜了我這連四級都沒過的英語水平啊，沒辦法硬着頭皮也要看哪。shell

看看官網給出的具體步驟：

1. 添加mysql yum 庫

a. 首先要到MySQL yum庫的下載頁面http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

mysql yum庫下載

b. 找一個跟本身平臺匹配的發行包，用uname命令看看本身的平臺版本

查看linux平臺版本

c. 用wget命令把相應的rpm包下下來，這個包很小隻有幾k

[root@VM_235_40_centos ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-9.ch.rpm
    --2017-04-05 16:32:26--  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
    Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.50.25.213
    Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.50.25.213|:443... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 9224 (9.0K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
    Saving to: 'mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm'

    100%[============================================================>] 9,224       --.-K/s   in 0s

    2017-04-05 16:32:28 (75.1 MB/s) - 'mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm' saved [9224/9224]
  •  

d. 把這個包安裝上

[root@VM_235_40_centos ~]# rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
    warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5KEY
    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    Updating / installing...
       1:mysql57-community-release-el7-9  ################################# [100%]

    [root@VM_235_40_centos ~]cd /etc/yum.repos.d
    #安裝完成後會發現/etc/yum.repos.d會多了兩個mysql的repo文件
    [root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# ls 
    CentOS-Base.repo  mysql-community-source.repo
    CentOS-Epel.repo  mysql-community.repo
  •  

2. 看看文件裏有啥東西

[root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# more mysql-community.repo
    [mysql-connectors-community]
    name=MySQL Connectors Community
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

    [mysql-tools-community]
    name=MySQL Tools Community
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

    # Enable to use MySQL 5.5
    [mysql55-community]
    name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

    # Enable to use MySQL 5.6
    [mysql56-community]
    name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

    [mysql57-community]
    name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

    [mysql80-community]
    name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

    [mysql-tools-preview]
    name=MySQL Tools Preview
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
  •  

按照官網的說法，在這個文件中你能夠配置你想要安裝的mysql版本，若是須要安裝這個版本就設置enabled=1,不須要的版本就把它設置爲0。這裏我安裝5.7的版本數據庫

3. 完事具有，接下來就能夠來安裝mysql了

[root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.17-1.el6 for package: mysql-communserver-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64
......
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be obsoleting
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda)
           Requires: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
           Removing: 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 (@os)
               libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
           Obsoleted By: mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64 (mysql57-community)
              ~libmysqlclient.so.20()(64bit)
Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda)
           Requires: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
           Removing: 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 (@os)
               libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
           Obsoleted By: mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64 (mysql57-community)
               Not found
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
 You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
  •  
  •  

納尼，居然安裝出錯，出什麼鬼了。原來是mariadb沒有刪除乾淨，個人天，本身挖坑本身跳。centos

[root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# rpm -ev mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
Preparing packages...
mariadb-libs-1:5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
  •  

再來一遍緩存

[root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed
......
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==================================================================================================
 Package                       Arch          Version               Repository                Size
==================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-server        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el6          mysql57-community        151 M
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql-community-client        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el6          mysql57-community         23 M
 mysql-community-common        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el6          mysql57-community        328 k
 mysql-community-libs          x86_64        5.7.17-1.el6          mysql57-community        2.1 M
 numactl-libs                  x86_64        2.0.9-6.el7_2         os                        29 k

Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 177 M
Installed size: 879 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
mysql-community-common-5.7.17- FAILED
http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
mysql-community-client-5.7.17- FAILED
http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
......
Error downloading packages:
  mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
  mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
  mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
  mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
  •  
  •  

尼瑪，又出錯了，Linux上裝軟件就是蛋疼，404錯誤請求失敗，這又是什麼鬼，我前先後後有把安裝過程捋了一遍，仍是出錯，不行，默默地問度娘去。
這裏有篇博客，裏面說是yum緩存的問題，好吧清楚緩存。服務器

[root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# cd /var/cache
[root@VM_235_40_centos cache]# ls
httpd  ldconfig  man  yum
[root@VM_235_40_centos cache]# cd yum
[root@VM_235_40_centos yum]# ls
x86_64
[root@VM_235_40_centos yum]# rm -drf x86_64
[root@VM_235_40_centos yum]# ls
  •  

從新再來網絡

[root@VM_235_40_centos yum]# yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
epel                                                                       | 4.3 kB  00:00:00
extras                                                                     | 3.4 kB  00:00:00
mysql-connectors-community                                                 | 2.5 kB  00:00:00
mysql-tools-community                                                      | 2.5 kB  00:00:00
mysql57-community                                                          | 2.5 kB  00:00:00
os                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
updates                                                                    | 3.4 kB  00:00:00
(1/10): epel/7/x86_64/group_gz                                             | 170 kB  00:00:00
(2/10): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo                                           | 762 kB  00:00:00
(3/10): epel/7/x86_64/primary_db                                           | 4.6 MB  00:00:00
(4/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                         | 139 kB  00:00:00
(5/10): os/7/x86_64/group_gz                                               | 155 kB  00:00:00
(6/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                        | 3.8 MB  00:00:00
(7/10): os/7/x86_64/primary_db                                             | 5.6 MB  00:00:00
(8/10): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db                       |  13 kB  00:00:00
(9/10): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db                            |  32 kB  00:00:00
(10/10): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db                               |  96 kB  00:00:01
Determining fastest mirrors
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7 will be installed
......
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==================================================================================================
 Package                       Arch          Version               Repository                Size
==================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-server        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el7          mysql57-community        162 M
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql-community-client        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el7          mysql57-community         24 M
 mysql-community-common        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el7          mysql57-community        271 k
 mysql-community-libs          x86_64        5.7.17-1.el7          mysql57-community        2.1 M
 numactl-libs                  x86_64        2.0.9-6.el7_2         os                        29 k

Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 188 M
Installed size: 847 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/5): mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                      | 271 kB  00:00:03
(2/5): mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                        | 2.1 MB  00:00:52
(3/5): numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm                               |  29 kB  00:00:00
(4/5): mysql-community-client-5.7. 6% [=-                       ] 101 kB/s |  12 MB  00:29:51 ETA
  •  

沒問題了，只是我這服務器帶寬不行，默默地等吧。

Installed:
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7

Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7
  numactl-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.9-6.el7_2

Complete!
  •  

此處應有掌聲

4. 最後一步了，啓動服務

啓動服務
官網的安裝指南使用service mysqld start，CentOS7改用systemctl命令啓動服務了，使用service命令會默認轉向調用systemctl命令的。

附加步驟，修改MySQL密碼，修改MySQL默認端口

MySQL5.7以前的版本若是按照這種方式安裝後，默認是沒有密碼的。對於MySQL5.7 有點特殊，下面是官網描述MySQL5.7的安裝過程：
- 服務初始化
- 在data文件夾生成SSL證書和密鑰
- 安裝validate_password 插件並生效
- 建立數據庫超級管理員’root@localhost’，併爲他生成密碼

也就是說MySQL5.7後生成了爲root超級管理員生成了一個密碼，這個密碼在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中

shell> sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
  •  

mysql root 超級管理員密碼
上面紅圈部分就是生成的隨即密碼，而後進入mysql修改密碼，固然修改密碼的方式有不少種，這個能夠自行百度。
mysql root 密碼修改

修改端口
mysql的配置文件在/etc/my.cnf
修改MySQL默認端口
修改端口只須要添加一行port=[修改的端口號]，記得重啓服務

搞了兩節課終於TM折騰完了

命令總結

yum： Yellow dog Updater, Modified， 解決rpm包依賴的軟件安裝工具，能夠在/etc/yum.config文件中進行yum的配置，yum數據源默認放在/etc/yum.repos.d/文件夾下。能夠認爲是rpm的增強版。
rpm： RedHat Package Manager，軟件安裝包的管理器，能夠用來安裝或刪除軟件。
wget： World Wide Web Get，wget是一個從網絡上自動下載文件的自由工具，支持HTTP、HTTPS、FTP常見協議。
uname： Unix Name，顯示主機操做系統名稱。

 

 

備註：centos 6.8和7下面注意包名的，要否則安裝不上去的。

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