Python爬蟲之requests模塊

獲取響應信息

import requests
response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(response.status_code)  # 狀態碼
print(response.url)          # 請求url
print(response.headers)      # 響應頭信息
print(response.cookies)      # cookie信息
print(response.content)      # bytes形式的響應內容
print(response.encoding)     # 獲取響應內容編碼
response.encoding=」utf-8」     # 指定響應內容編碼
print(response.text)         # 文本形式的響應內容，response.content編碼後的結果

發送Get請求

不帶參數的Get請求

response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(response.text)

帶參數的Get請求

直接寫在url後面

在url後面用?表示帶上參數，每對參數用&分隔。以下url：
https://www.bilibili.com/vide...
注意：url最長2048字節，且數據透明不安全

做爲字典參數傳入

data = {'name': 'xiaoming',  'age': 26}
response = requests.get('http://www.abcd.com', params=data)
print(response.text)

發送post請求

只能做爲字典參數傳入，注意參數名字是data而不是params

data = {'name': 'xiaoming',  'age': 26}
response = requests.post('http://www.abcd.com', data=data)
print(response.text)

添加headers

heads = {}
heads['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 ' \
                          '(Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 ' \
                          '(KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50'
response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com',headers=headers)

使用代理

proxy = {'http': '49.89.84.106:9999', 'https': '49.89.84.106:9999'}
heads = {}
heads['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0'
req = requests.get(url, proxies=proxy, headers=heads)
print(req.text)

使用加密代理

from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
proxies= {'http': '127.0.0.1:8888', 'https': '127.0.0.1:8888'}
auth = HTTPProxyAuth('user', 'pwd')
requests.get(url, proxies=proxies, auth=auth)

也能夠這樣

proxies = {"http": "http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128/",}
req = requests.get(url, proxies=proxy, headers=heads)

Cookie

獲取Cookie

import requests
response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com")
print(type(response.cookies))
# 把cookiejar對象轉化爲字典
cookies = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(response.cookies)
print(cookies)

使用Cookie

cookie = {"Cookie":"xxxxxxxx"}
response = requests.get(url,cookies=cookie)

Session

session = requests.Session()
session.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/12345')
response = session.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
print(response.text)

限定響應時間

from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout
try:
    response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', timeout=1)
    print(response.status_code)
except :
    print('給定時間內未響應')

解析JSON格式的響應內容

經過response.json()方法能夠將爲JSON格式的響應內容轉變爲Python的對象，json.loads(response.text)也能起到一樣的做用

response = requests.get('http://www.abcd.com')
print(response.text)
print(response.json())  
print(type(response.json()))

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