Linux命令行多線程、斷點續傳下載工具

時間 2019-12-05

原文原文鏈接

運維工做中常會在linux命令行下載外網文件或內網進行大文件傳輸，常常使用的文本下載工具wget、curl，今天給你們推薦支持Linux命令行多線程、斷點續傳下載工具axel和myget。

一、系統環境

# lsb_release -a

LSB Version: :core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-ia32:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-ia32:printing-4.0-noarch

Distributor ID: CentOS

Description: CentOS release 5.8 (Final)

Release: 5.8

Codename: Final

二、下載工具安裝、使用方法介紹

2.1 wget

CentOS 默認已經安裝，如需安裝請運行

# yum install wget -y

wget 版本信息

# wget -V

GNU Wget 1.11.4 Red Hat modified

此工具比較經常使用，使用方法、參數略

2.2 Axel 下載安裝

官方站點http://axel.alioth.debian.org/

源碼包地址

http://alioth.debian.org/frs/?group_id=100070

最新版本axel-2.4源碼包下載地址

http://alioth.debian.org/frs/download.php/3015/axel-2.4.tar.gz

rpm 包地址

http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/

選擇下載對應系統的rpm包

# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/axel-2.4-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm

安裝axel

# rpm -ivh axel-2.4-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm

axel 版本

# axel -V

Axel version 2.4 (Linux)

axel 命令使用方法：

axel [ 選項參數] url1 [url2] [url……]

axel 參數：

--max-speed=x # 限速值最高速度

-s x

Specify maximum speed (bytes per second)

--num-connections=x

-n x # 鏈接數

Specify maximum number of connections

--output=f # 下載爲本地文件

-o f

Specify local output file

--search[=x] # 搜索鏡像

-S [x]

Search for mirrors and download from x servers

--header=x

-H x # 添加頭文件字符串

Add header string

--user-agent=x # 設置UA

-U x

Set user agent

--no-proxy # 不使用代理服務器

-N

Just don't use any proxy server --quiet

--quiet, -q

No output to stdout. # 靜默模式，不輸出到標準輸出

--verbose

-v

More status information # 更多狀態信息

--alternate

--help # 幫助

-h

--version # 版本

-V

2.3 myget 下載、安裝

[root@cobbler-1014 ~]# wget http://myget.sourceforge.net/release/myget-0.1.2.tar.gz

[root@cobbler-1014 ~]# tar zxf myget-0.1.2.tar.gz

[root@cobbler-1014 ~]# cd myget-0.1.2

# ./configure && make && make install

mytget版本，注意myget命令爲mytget php

# mytget -v linux

myget 0.1.1 服務器

命令mytget用法

mytget [ 選項] [url]

參數

-b, --debug Show the debug message # 看調試信息

-c, --count=num Set the retry count to [num], no limit when "0", the default is "99" # 設置重試次數，0爲無限，默認是99次。

-d, --directory=dir Set the local direcotry to [dir], the default is "." # 指定下載本地目錄，默認是當前目錄

-f, --file=file Rename the file to [file] # 重命名下載到本地的文件名

-h, --help A brief summary of all the options # 簡短的幫助摘要

-i, --interval=num Set the ftp retry interval to [num] seconds, the default is "5"# 設置ftp重試間隔，單位s，默認5秒

-n, --number=num Use [num] connections instead of the default (4) # 指定鏈接數，默認4

-r, --referer=URL Include `Referer: [URL]' header in HTTP request. # 包含請求頭 Referer

-t, --timeout=num Set the connection timeout to [num] seconds, the default is "30"# 設置鏈接超時時間，默認30秒

-v, --version Show the version of the myget and exit # 查看版本信息

-x, --proxy=URL Set the proxy [URL] # 設置代理

三、wget、axel、myget測試下載速度對比

3.1 下載速度對比

說明：同一臺機器下載同一個數據源連接

3.1.1 wget下載

# wget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

--2013-03-11 09:29:46-- http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Connecting to 10.0.251.154:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 4353378304 (4.1G) [application/octet-stream]

Saving to: `CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso'

0% [ ] 18,526,067 1.60M/s eta 46m 21s

3.2 axel下載

# axel http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Initializing download: http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

File size: 4353378304 bytes

Opening output file CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.0

Starting download

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 382.3KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 610.9KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 826.5KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1003.1KB/s]

略

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2055.8KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2074.8KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2093.6KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2111.0KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... ...

Downloaded 2693.8 kilobytes in 1 second. (2113.05 KB/s)

# rm -f CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso*

3.2.1 axel 使用10個線程下載

# axel -n 10 http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Initializing download: http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

File size: 4353378304 bytes

Opening output file CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Starting download

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 440.9KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 707.9KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 935.1KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1138.8KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1310.5KB/s]

略

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2180.3KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2196.9KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2189.7KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .........

Downloaded 4139.5 kilobytes in 1 second. (2176.65 KB/s)

3.3 myget下載

# mytget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Begin to download: CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Filesize: 4.1G

0% [ > > > ] [ 27M] [2.5M/s] [ETA:26:58]

3.3.1 myget指定10個線程下載

# mytget -n 10 http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Begin to download: CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Filesize: 4.1G

0% [ > > > > > > > > > ] [ 39M] [2.6M/s] [ETA:26:27]

# ll CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.mg\!

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4353378404 Mar 11 12:53 CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.mg!

下載速度對比結論：axel、myget支持多線程，且速度較快都在2M。

4 、斷點續傳對比測試

4.1 axel

# axel -n 10 http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Initializing download: http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

File size: 4353378304 bytes

Opening output file CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Starting download

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 491.8KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 748.4KB/s]

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1007.5KB/s]

略

[ 1%] .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... [2509.3KB/s]

[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2509.5KB/s]

[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... ....

Downloaded 45.3 megabytes in 18 seconds. (2510.95 KB/s)

停止下載，進度已經到1%，下載了45.3mb

再次運行下載命令，繼續從1%斷點續傳

# axel -n 10 http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Initializing download: http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

File size: 4353378304 bytes

Opening output file CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

State file found: 47549233 bytes downloaded, 4305829071 to go.

Starting download

,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,...... .......... [ 314.4KB/s]

[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 603.0KB/s]

[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 839.7KB/s]

略

[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1547.1KB/s]

[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1548.8KB/s]

# rm -f CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso*

4.2 wget

# wget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

--2013-03-11 09:51:46-- http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Connecting to 10.0.251.154:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 4353378304 (4.1G) [application/octet-stream]

Saving to: `CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso'

1% [ ]47,760,647 1.49M/s eta 47m 42s

wget 在進度1%停止已經下載47,760,647，再次運行命令，從新開始下載

# wget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

--2013-03-11 09:53:24-- http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Connecting to 10.0.251.154:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 4353378304 (4.1G) [application/octet-stream]

Saving to: `CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.1'

0% [ ]1,032,445 1.21M/s

wget 直接運行不支持斷點續傳

# rm -f CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso*

wget 從新測試使其支持斷點續傳

# wget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

--2013-03-11 12:40:15-- http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Connecting to 10.0.251.154:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 4353378304 (4.1G) [application/octet-stream]

Saving to: `CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso'

1% [> ]52,620,206 1.57M/s eta 44m 58s

在進度1%，已經下載52,620,206處中止

wget 加-c再次下載，支持斷點續傳

# wget -c http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

--2013-03-11 12:40:56-- http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Connecting to 10.0.251.154:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 206 Partial Content

Length: 4353378304 (4.1G), 4300661972 (4.0G) remaining [application/octet-stream]

Saving to: `CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso'

1%[+ ] 59,663,080 1.59M/s eta 44m 14s

# rm -f CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.mg\!

4.3 myget

# mytget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Begin to download: CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Filesize: 4.1G

1% [ > > > ] [ 45M] [2.1M/s] [ETA:33:06]

下載進度到1% 文件大小45M

# ll CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.mg\!

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4353378404 Mar 11 12:54 CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.mg!

再次執行命令，直接從進度1%開始下載

# mytget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Begin to download: CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

Filesize: 4.1G

1% [ > > > ] [ 51M] [2.9M/s] [ETA:23:57]

斷點續傳對比，三個工具都支持，但wget須要增長-c參數，axel、myget再次執行命令便可。

綜上對比推薦你們工做中使用axel或myget提升效率，我的比較喜歡axel。

注意內網傳輸根據隧道帶寬進行限速，別影響線上生產服務數據傳輸。

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