Cygwin使用

轉載：http://w.gdu.me/wiki/cygwin/index.html

Cygwin使用

Update: 2013-01-04

• Cygwin
• RedHat Cygwin
• KeepassX_SecureCRT

經常使用軟件安裝

• 安裝Cygwin時，應安裝上：wget, tar, gawk, bzip2, nc, xz, openssh

安裝apt-cyg

• 修改x86/x86_64源、xz壓縮包支持的apt-cyg:apt-cyg

  #wget http://apt-cyg.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/apt-cyg
  wget http://w.gdu.me/wiki/files/shell/apt-cyg
  chmod +x apt-cyg
  mv apt-cyg /usr/local/bin/
  apt-cyg --help
  cygcheck --help
  # 修改軟件源
  apt-cyg --mirror http://mirrors.163.com/cygwin
   
  # ftp://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/cygwin
  # http://mirrors.163.com/cygwin
  # ftp://ftp.ges.redhat.com/private/releng/cygwin-1.8

  
  
  
• 201308後Cygwin版本變動，需修改apt-cyg(使用上面已修改過的版本便可)
  • 軟件源路徑變動
    • 2013-080-08後Cygwin分爲x8六、x86_64兩個安裝包，源路徑也改不一樣路徑(x8六、x86_64)，所以apt-cyg下載setup.bz2和setup.ini時發生404錯誤。

      vim /usr/loccal/bin/apt-cyg
      # 將:
      wget -N $mirror/setup.bz2
      wget -N $mirror/setup.ini
      # 改成：
      wget -N $mirror/x86/setup.bz2
      wget -N $mirror/x86/setup.ini
      # 或:
      wget -N $mirror/x86_64/setup.bz2
      wget -N $mirror/x86_64/setup.ini

      
      
      
  • 添加xz壓縮包支持

    diff apt-cyg apt-cyg.bak
    353,358c353
    <     echo $file | grep ".xz$" >/dev/null 2>&1
    <     if [ "$?" = "0" ];then
    <       cat $file | xz -d | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C /
    <     else
    <       cat $file | bunzip2 | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C /
    <     fi
    ---
    >     cat $file | bunzip2 | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C /

    
    
    

安裝經常使用工具

# apt-cyg install man cygwin-doc
apt-cyg install vim screen wget subversion openssh pwgen gzip bzip2 curl rsync bash-completion \
 lftp nc tree p7zip connect-proxy util-linux bind-utils inetutils

安裝python環境

apt-cyg install python python-crypto

• 安裝easy_install
  • 參考：http://atbrox.com/2009/09/21/how-to-get-pipvirtualenvfabric-working-on-cygwin/

    wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.6/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg
    sh setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg
     
    easy_install pip
    pip install moin

經常使用工具設置

Cygwin終端

• ~/.minttyrc

  BoldAsFont=no
  Font=YaHei Consolas hybrid
  FontHeight=12
  #BackgroundColour=0,43,53
  BackgroundColour=11,22,33
  ForegroundColour=191,191,191
  FontSmoothing=full

  
  
  
• 顏色、字體選擇參數

  背景顏色：(RGB)0,40,51;或11,22,33(就是這個Wiki頁面的背景色)
  字體顏色：(RGB)31,148,150(較暗);或191,191,191
  目錄顏色：(RGB)255,128,128
  壓縮文件顏色：(RGB)128,128,0
  
  字體：Consolas,Courier New,Fixedsys,YaHei Consolas hybrid
  

• YaHei Consolas hybrid.1.12字體下載：
  • YaHei.Consolas.1.12.7z
  • 百度網盤下載：YaHei.Consolas.1.12.7z

bashrc

• ~/.bashrc

  alias grep='grep --color'                     # show differences in colour
  alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'              # show differences in colour
  alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'              # show differences in colour
  alias ls='ls -hF --color=tty'                 # classify files in colour
  alias ll='ls -la'                             # long list
  alias la='ls -A'                              # all but . and ..
  alias l='ls -CF'                              #
  alias ssh="ssh -S none"

  
  

• ~/.bash_profile

  PS1="[\w]$"
  #彩色的PS1會形成命令編輯時光標定位錯誤
  #PS1="\e[0;32m[\u@\h \W]\$ \e[m"

  
  

screen設置

#
# ~/.screenrc
#
# 啓動時不顯示歡迎屏幕
startup_message off
 
# 定義screen的功能鍵爲Ctrl-A。向終端輸入Ctrl-A時應按 Ctrl-A a。
#escape ^Aa
 
# 屏幕緩衝區 1024 行。
defscrollback 1024
 
# 顯示窗口列表
caption always "%-w%{= BW}%50>%n %t%{-}%+w%<"
 
# 按 Ctrl-A w 或 Ctrl-A Ctrl-W 顯示窗口列表
bind w windowlist -b
#bind ^w windowlist -b
 
#在使用screen過程當中，常常會遇到「閃屏」的問題，這是能夠關掉的。
#快速關掉：也就是先輸入CTRL + a，再輸入CTRL + g。
#永久關閉：修改/etc/screenrc 加入
vbell off

~/.vimrc

• vim沒有語法高亮，需加載基本設置

  cd /usr/share/vim && cp vim74/vimrc_example.vim vimrc

• .vimrc設置

詳見：vimrc

" ~/.vimrc
set mouse=c
set nobackup
 
" set paste
 
set fileformats=unix,dos,mac
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,gb18030,big5,euc-jp,euc-kr,latin1
set encoding=utf-8
" set termencoding=cp936
let &termencoding = &encoding
language messages en_US.UTF-8
"language messages zh_CN.UTF-8
 
" colo murphy
 
" tab
set tabstop=4
set cindent shiftwidth=4
set autoindent shiftwidth=4
" TAB -> Space
set expandtab

~/.ssh/config

#ssh_config
#~/.ssh/config
IdentitiesOnly yes
ServerAliveInterval 60
GSSAPIAuthentication no
 
Host m*
    Port 22
    User root
    ControlMaster auto
    ControlPath ~/.ssh/master-%r@%h:%p
    #ProxyCommand connect-proxy -S 127.0.0.1:2223 %h %p
Host mNagios
    Hostname 172.16.16.150

其餘設置

SSH Server

• OS修改環境變量：path增長c:/cygwin/bin
• OS增長環境變量：CYGWIN=ntsec tty
• Cygwin安裝必要的套件：OpenSSH，cygrunsrv
• Change permissions and ownership on some files:

  # 如下代碼沒測試過，慎用
  cd /; chmod -R og-w .
  chmod og+w /tmp
  touch /var/log/sshd.log
  chown system:system /var/log/sshd.log /var/empty /etc/ssh_h*
  chmod 755 /var/empty

  
  
  
• Cygwin設定OpenSSH：

  ssh-host-config

  
  

      Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) ：yes
      Should this script create a local user 'sshd' on this machine? (yes/no) ：yes
      Do you want to install sshd as service? (yes/no) ：yes
      Default is "ntsec" . CYGWIN=ntsec tty
  

• 啓動OpenSSH：net start sshd

  cygrunsrv -S sshd

  
  
• 中止OpenSSH：net stop sshd

crontab

• 在Windows上安裝系統服務 cron，開機即運行。

  cygrunsrv -I cron -p /usr/sbin/cron -a -D

• 啓動服務

  cygrunsrv -S cron

nontsec

這在 Cygwin 下建立的文件，其餘管理員不可寫，是所謂的 ntsec 在起做用。經過 NTFS 的權限設置，模擬 UNIX 的權限。能夠經過 CYGWIN 環境變量修改。如：

export CYGWIN="nontsec nosmbntsec"

中文亂碼設置

**若存在中文問題才進行如下設置。**

• Rethat Cygwin安裝後目錄中文即正常，如下設置不必定須要。
• ~/.bashrc

  export SVN_EDITOR=vim
   
  # Redhat Cygwin中未作如下設置，中文正常
  alias ls='ls --color --show-control-chars'
  export LESSCHARSET=latin1
  alias less='/bin/less -r'
  #export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
  #export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8
  #export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
  #export OUTPUT_CHARSET="GBK"
   
  #stty cs8 -istrip
  #stty pass8
   
  export CYGWIN="nontsec nosmbntsec"

  
  

• ~/.inputrc

  # Allow 8-bit input/output
  set meta-flag on
  set convert-meta off
  set input-meta on
  set output-meta on

技巧收集

• Howto get version info?

  cygcheck -c cygwin

  
  
• 查看系統信息、軟件包

  cygcheck -h #幫助
  cygcheck -s #sysinfo
  cygcheck -l #已安裝包列表
  cygcheck -c #列出並校驗已安裝的包
  cygcheck -p vim #從cygwin.com源查詢包

  
  
• 獲得Windows格式的路徑名?

  cygpath -d -m "`pwd`"

  
  
• 給curl安裝CA Certificates

  curl http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem > /usr/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt

  
  
• 同步Windows用戶和組

  mkpasswd -l > /etc/passwd
  mkgroup -l > /etc/group
   
  # 若是有Domain的話，須要加上-d domainname 

  
  
• 設置Cygwin/mintty字體和大小
  • 界面中設置：右鍵菜單->Options->Text，而後選擇你喜歡的字體和大小。
  • 若是沒有你相要的字體，但Windows中有，可修改配置文件：~/.minttyrc，添加如下設置：

    BoldAsFont=no
    #Font=Courier New
    Font=YaHei Consolas hybrid
    FontHeight=12
    

• 給Cygwin添加more/col/whereis等命令：安裝util-linux包:

  apt-cyg install util-linux

• 給Cygwin添加telnet/ftp工具:

  apt-cyg install inetutils

  
  
• 給Cygwin安裝dig命令
  • 安裝bind-utils包:

    apt-cyg install bind-utils

    
    
  • 檢查系統中已設置好DNS: 

    ipconfig /all

    
    
• Cygwin error: -bash: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
  • http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9300722/cygwin-error-bash-fork-retry-resource-temporarily-unavailable
  • http://cygwin.wikia.com/wiki/Rebaseall
  • 錯誤現象

    -bash-4.1$ wc m1.txt
          3 [main] bash 2216 child_info_fork::abort: data segment start: parent(0x26D000) !=     child(0x38D000)
          -bash: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
          2013930  4027950 74968256 m1.txt
    

  • 處理辦法

    rkosegi's Answer seems to be working for everyone (myself included). But, just so you don't have to follow the daisy chain of links:
    
    (assuming Cygwin is installed at C:\cygwin):
    
    1.Open Task Manager and close any processes that look to be Cygwin related.
    2.Open C:\Cygwin\bin in Windows Explorer
    3.Verify that dash.exe, ash.exe, rebase.exe, and rebaseall exist in this folder
        - If any of them are missing, re-run Cygwin setup and select the dash, ash, and rebase packages
    4.right-click your C:\Cygwin folder, uncheck Read-only (if its checked), and press OK.
        - When an error about not being able to switch some files comes up, select "Ignore All". Wait for this process to complete.
    5.Browse to C:\Cygwin\bin in Windows Explorer
    6.Right click dash.exe and click "Run as Administrator". A command Prompt should appear with nothing but a $
    7.Type /usr/bin/rebaseall -v, hit enter, and wait for the process to complete.
        - If you get errors about Cygwin processes running, try Step 1 again. If that still doesn't work, Restart your computer into safe mode and try these steps again.
    8.Try opening Cygwin again.
    
    This process worked for me. I hope it works for you guys too.
    
    Source: http://cygwin.wikia.com/wiki/Rebaseall