1、fdisk 的介紹 linux
fdisk - Partition table manipulator for Linux ,譯成中文的意思是磁盤分區表操做工具;其實就是分區工具 。ide
fdsik 能劃分磁盤成爲若干個區,同時也能爲每一個分區指定分區的文件系統,好比linux 、fat3二、 linux 、linux swap 、fat16 以及其實類Unix類操做系統的文件系統等;固然咱們用fdisk 對磁盤操做分區時,並非一個終點,咱們還要對分區進行格式化所須要的文件系統;這樣一個分區才能使用;這和DOS中的fdisk 是相似的。工具
2、合理規劃硬盤分區 ui
在操做分區以前,咱們要明白硬盤分區一點理論,好比硬盤容量和分區大小的計算;對一個硬盤如何規劃分區等。this
3、fdisk -l 查看硬盤及分區信息 spa
咱們知道主分區(包括擴展分區)的總個數不能超過四個;也不能把擴展分區包圍在主分區之間;根據這個原則,咱們劃分硬盤分區就比較容易的多;也能爲之後減小沒必要要的麻煩。操作系統
磁盤結構圖:orm
磁盤概念圖:
blog
磁盤結構及概念:ip
.每一個扇區,512字節
.每一個磁道劃分63個扇區
.邏輯磁頭(盤面)數設爲255個
———》一個柱面的大小
= 255 × 63 × 512字節 = 8MB
———》硬盤或分區的容量
= 柱面大小 × 柱面數
一、經過fdisk -l 查看機器所掛硬盤個數及分區狀況:
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
二、關於fdisk -l 一些數值的說明:
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
這個硬盤是80G的,有255個磁面;63個扇區;10443個磁柱;每一個 cylinder(磁柱)的容量是 8225280 bytes=8225.280 K(約爲)=8.225280M(約爲);
三、fdisk 的說明:
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 10443.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): m
Command action # 命令操做
a toggle a bootable flag # 切換一個可引導標誌
b edit bsd disklabel # b 編輯 bsd 磁盤
c toggle the dos compatibility flag # c 切換 dos 兼容性標誌
d delete a partition # d 刪除一個分區
l list known partition types # l 列出已知的分區類型
m print this menu # m 打印此菜單
n add a new partition # n 添加新的分區
o create a new empty DOS partition table # o 建立一個新的空 DOS 分區表
p print the partition table # p 打印分區表
q quit without saving changes # q 退出而不保存更改
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id # t 改變分區的系統 id
u change display/entry units # u 更改顯示/進入單位
v verify the partition table # v 驗證分區表
w write table to disk and exit # w 寫入磁盤並退出
x extra functionality (experts only) # x 額外的功能 (僅限於專家)
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix bf Solaris
1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ee EFI GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT