Python3(四) 分支、循環、條件與枚舉

表達式                                 

       表達式（Expression）是運算符（operator）和操做數（operand）所構成的序列

>>> 1 + 1
2
>>> a = [1,2,3]
>>> 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
4
>>> 1 + 2 * 3
7
>>> 1 * 2 + 3
5
>>> a = 1 + 2 * 3
>>> a = 1
>>> b = 2
>>> c = a and b or c
>>> c = int('1') + 2

運算符優先級

 

同級的運算符的優先級仍是有區別的 好比邏輯運算符裏的and的優先級大於or

 

>>> a = 1
>>> b = 2
>>> c = 3
>>> a + b * c
7
>>> 1 or 2
1
>>> 1 and 3
3
>>> a or b and c
1
>>> a or (b and c)
1
>>> a or 3
1
>>> (a or b) and c
3
>>> (a or b) and (c + 1)   //兩個括號同級，左結合
4
>>> a = 1
>>> b = 2
>>> c = a + b    //出現賦值符號時，右結合
>>> print(c)    
3
>>> c = a or b
>>> print(c)

 

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註釋

 單行註釋用#
多行註釋用 ''' 或者  """

 

流程控制語句

主要有條件控制（if else）、循環控制（for while）、分支

條件控制（if else)

 

# encoding: utf-8

mood = False

if mood :
    print('go to left')
    # print('back away')
# print('back away')
else :
    print('go to right')
    
a = 1
b = 2
c = 2
# if後面不只能夠是布爾值，還能夠是表達式
if a or b + 1 == c :
    print('go to left')
    # print('back away')
# print('back away')
else :
    print('go to right')

# encoding: utf-8
"""
    一段小程序
"""
# constant 常量  建議全大寫
ACCOUNT = 'hughie'
PASSWORD = '123456'
# python變量建議都用小寫，用下劃線分隔單詞，不用駝峯命名
print('please input account')
user_account = input()

print('please input password')
user_password = input()

if ACCOUNT == user_account and PASSWORD == user_password:
    print('success')
else:
    print('fail')

# encoding: utf-8
# snippet 片斷

if condition:
    pass
else:
    pass


a = True
if a:
    # pass 空語句/佔位語句
    pass
else:
    print('')


if True:
    pass
if False:
    pass

# 嵌套分支
if condition:
    if condition:
        pass
    else:
        pass
else:
    if condition:
        pass
    else:
        pass

# 代碼塊
if condition:
    code1
        code11
        code22
            code333
            code444
                code5555
                code6666
    code2
    code3
else:
    code1
    code2
    code3

改寫爲elif

 

# encoding: utf-8
"""
a = x

a = 1 print('apple')
a = 2 print('orange')
a = 3 print('banana')

print('shopping')
"""

a = input()
print('a is' + a)
if a == 1:
    print('apple')
else:
    if a == 2:
        print('orange')
    else:
        if a == 3:
            print('banana')
        else:
            print('shopping')


# 改寫爲elif
a = input()
print(type(a))
print('a is ' + a)
a = int(a)
if a == 1:
    print('apple')
elif a == 2:
    print('orange')
elif a == 3:
    print('banana')
else:
    print('shopping')

循環（while for）

 

# encoding: utf-8
# 循環

# 循環語句

# while     for
# CONDITION = True
# while CONDITION:
#     print('I am while')

counter = 1
# 遞歸經常使用while
while counter <= 10:
    counter += 1
    print(counter)
else:
    print('EOF')

# encoding: utf-8

# 主要是用來遍歷/循環 序列或者集合、字典
# a = ['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'grape']
# for x in a:
#     print(x)

# a = [['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'grape'], (1, 2, 3)]
# for x in a:
#     for y in x:
#         # print(y, end='')
#         print(y)
# else:
#     print('fruit is gone')


# a = [1, 2, 3]

# for x in a:
#     if x == 2:
#         # break 遇到x==2的時候終止，打印出1
#         # break
#         # continue 遇到x==2的時候跳過，打印出1，3
#         continue
#     print(x)
# else:
#     print('EOF')


a = [['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'grape'], (1, 2, 3)]
for x in a:
    # if 'banana' in x:
    #     break
    for y in x:
        if y == 'orange':
            # 內部循環跳出後，外部循環還在執行
            break
        print(y)
else:
    print('fruit is gone')

# encoding: utf-8
# for (i=0; i<10; i++){}

# 以上的for循環用python實現
# for x in range(0, 10):
#     # range(0,10) 表示從0開始的10個數字，並不包含10
#     print(x)


# for x in range(0, 10, 2):
#     # range(0,10,2) 2表示步長
#     print(x, end=' | ')
#     # 打印結果：0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 |


for x in range(10, 0, -2):
    print(x, end=' | ')
    # 打印結果：10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 |

# encoding: utf-8

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

# for i in range(0, len(a), 2):
#     print(a[i], end=' | ')
    # 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 

b = a[0:len(a):2]
print(b)
    # [1, 3, 5, 7]