R：tidyr包

> library(tidyr)
> library(dplyr)
> head(mtcars)
                   mpg cyl disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
Mazda RX4         21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46  0  1    4    4
Mazda RX4 Wag     21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02  0  1    4    4
Datsun 710        22.8   4  108  93 3.85 2.320 18.61  1  1    4    1
Hornet 4 Drive    21.4   6  258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44  1  0    3    1
Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8  360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02  0  0    3    2
Valiant           18.1   6  225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22  1  0    3    1
> mtcars$car <- rownames(mtcars)
> mtcars <- mtcars[, c(12, 1:11)]
> head(mtcars)
                                car  mpg cyl disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
Mazda RX4                 Mazda RX4 21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46  0  1    4    4
Mazda RX4 Wag         Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02  0  1    4    4
Datsun 710               Datsun 710 22.8   4  108  93 3.85 2.320 18.61  1  1    4    1
Hornet 4 Drive       Hornet 4 Drive 21.4   6  258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44  1  0    3    1
Hornet Sportabout Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8  360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02  0  0    3    2
Valiant                     Valiant 18.1   6  225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22  1  0    3    1
> mtcarsNew <- mtcars %>% gather(attribute, value, -car)
> head(mtcarsNew)
                car attribute value
1         Mazda RX4       mpg  21.0
2     Mazda RX4 Wag       mpg  21.0
3        Datsun 710       mpg  22.8
4    Hornet 4 Drive       mpg  21.4
5 Hornet Sportabout       mpg  18.7
6           Valiant       mpg  18.1
> tail(mtcarsNew)
               car attribute value
347  Porsche 914-2      carb     2
348   Lotus Europa      carb     2
349 Ford Pantera L      carb     4
350   Ferrari Dino      carb     6
351  Maserati Bora      carb     8
352     Volvo 142E      carb     2