Netty進階基礎篇之NIO Channel篇(4)

一、Channel概念

通道(Channel):用於源節點與目標節點的鏈接。在 Java NIO 中負責緩衝區中數據的傳輸。Channel 自己不存儲數據,所以須要配合緩衝區進行傳輸數組

二、 Channel主要實現的類

      |--FileChannel                    本地io
      |--SocketChannel          TCP網絡io
      |--ServerSocketChannel TCP網絡io
      |--DatagramChannel      UDP網絡io網絡

三、 獲取通道

3.1 Java 針對支持通道的類提供了 getChannel() 方法

本地 IO:FileInputStream、FileOutputStream、 RandomAccessFileapp

網絡IO:Socket、ServerSocket、DatagramSocketdom

//利用通道完成文件的複製(非直接緩衝區)
@Test
public void test1(){
   long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
   
   FileInputStream fis = null;
   FileOutputStream fos = null;
   //①獲取通道
   FileChannel inChannel = null;
   FileChannel outChannel = null;
   try {
      fis = new FileInputStream("/Users/tentsuuhou/Desktop/01.mp4");
      fos = new FileOutputStream("/Users/tentsuuhou/Desktop/09.mp4");
      
      inChannel = fis.getChannel();
      outChannel = fos.getChannel();
      
      //②分配指定大小的緩衝區
      ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
      
      //③將通道中的數據存入緩衝區中
      while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
         buf.flip(); //切換讀取數據的模式
         //④將緩衝區中的數據寫入通道中
         outChannel.write(buf);
         buf.clear(); //清空緩衝區
      }
   } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
      if(outChannel != null){
         try {
            outChannel.close();
         } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
         }
      }
      
      if(inChannel != null){
         try {
            inChannel.close();
         } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
         }
      }
      
      if(fos != null){
         try {
            fos.close();
         } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
         }
      }
      
      if(fis != null){
         try {
            fis.close();
         } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
         }
      }
   }
   
   long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
   System.out.println("耗費時間爲:" + (end - start));
}

我用的是mac系統,01.mp4視頻25M左右,第一次複製時間1024ms,而後覆蓋從新執行,大概左右在683ms,若是能夠,你們能夠試試1G以上的視頻,看看須要多久工具

3.二、在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 針對各個通道提供了靜態方法 open()

//使用直接緩衝區完成文件的複製(內存映射文件)
@Test
public void test2(){
   long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

   FileChannel inChannel = null;
   FileChannel outChannel= null;

   try {
      inChannel  = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("/Users/tentsuuhou/Desktop/01.mp4"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
      outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("/Users/tentsuuhou/Desktop/08.mp4"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);

      //內存映射文件
      MappedByteBuffer inMappedBuf  = inChannel.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, inChannel.size());
      MappedByteBuffer outMappedBuf = outChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, inChannel.size());

      //直接對緩衝區進行數據的讀寫操做
      byte[] dst = new byte[inMappedBuf.limit()];
      inMappedBuf.get(dst);
      outMappedBuf.put(dst);
   } catch (IOException e){
      e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
      try {
         inChannel.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }

      try {
         outChannel.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
   
   long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
   System.out.println("耗費時間爲:" + (end - start));
}

第一次:371ms,第二次104ms,證實直接緩衝區比間接緩衝區效率搞了不少。編碼

3.三、在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 的 Files 工具類的 newByteChannel()

直接字節緩衝區還能夠經過FileChannel的map()方法將文件區域直接映射到內存中來建立。該方法返回 MappedByteBuffer 。Java 平臺的實現有助於經過 JNI 從本機代碼建立直接字節緩衝區。若是以上這些緩衝區 中的某個緩衝區實例指的是不可訪問的內存區域,則試圖訪問該區域不會更改該緩衝區的內容,而且將會在 訪問期間或稍後的某個時間致使拋出不肯定的異常。spa

@Test
public void test7(){
   long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

   FileChannel in  = null;
   FileChannel out = null;

   try {
      in  = (FileChannel) Files.newByteChannel(Paths.get("/Users/tentsuuhou/Desktop/01.mp4"),StandardOpenOption.READ);
      out = (FileChannel) Files.newByteChannel(Paths.get("/Users/tentsuuhou/Desktop/07.mp4"),StandardOpenOption.READ,StandardOpenOption.WRITE,StandardOpenOption.CREATE);

      MappedByteBuffer inMap  = in.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY,0,in.size());
      MappedByteBuffer outMap = out.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE,0,in.size());
      byte[] bytes = new byte[inMap.limit()];
      //直接對緩衝區進行數據的讀寫操做
      inMap.get(bytes);
      outMap.put(bytes);

   } catch (IOException i){
      i.printStackTrace();
   } finally {

      try {
         in.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }

      try {
         out.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }

   long end   = System.currentTimeMillis();
   System.out.println(end-start);
}

一樣使用的是直接緩衝區,速度和上面基本一致,只不過這個是用newByteChannel() 方法建立通道。code

四、通道之間的數據傳輸

4.1 transferFrom()視頻

4.2 transferTo()blog

//通道之間的數據傳輸(直接緩衝區)
@Test
public void test3(){
   FileChannel inChannel  = null;
   FileChannel outChannel = null;

   try {
      inChannel  = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("/Users/tentsuuhou/Desktop/01.mp4"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
      outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("/Users/tentsuuhou/Desktop/06.mp4"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);

      //使用下面transferTo 或者 transferFrom 均可以達到目的
          //inChannel.transferTo(0, inChannel.size(), outChannel);
      outChannel.transferFrom(inChannel, 0, inChannel.size());
   } catch (IOException e){
      e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
      try {
         inChannel.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
      try {
         outChannel.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

五、分散(Scatter)與彙集(Gather)

5.1 分散讀取(Scattering Reads):將通道中的數據分散到多個緩衝區中

5.2 彙集寫入(Gathering Writes):將多個緩衝區中的數據彙集到通道中

//分散和彙集
@Test
public void test4() throws IOException{
   RandomAccessFile raf1 = new RandomAccessFile("1.txt", "rw");
   
   //1. 獲取通道
   FileChannel channel1 = raf1.getChannel();
   
   //2. 分配指定大小的緩衝區
   ByteBuffer buf1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
   ByteBuffer buf2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
   
   //3. 分散讀取
   ByteBuffer[] bufs = {buf1, buf2};
   channel1.read(bufs);
   
   for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : bufs) {
      byteBuffer.flip();
   }
   
   System.out.println(new String(bufs[0].array(), 0, bufs[0].limit()));
   System.out.println("-----------------");
   System.out.println(new String(bufs[1].array(), 0, bufs[1].limit()));
   
   //4. 彙集寫入
   RandomAccessFile raf2 = new RandomAccessFile("2.txt", "rw");
   FileChannel channel2 = raf2.getChannel();
   
   channel2.write(bufs);
}

沒有什麼效率的問題,只是記住有這麼一個功能就行了

六、字符集:Charset

6.1 編碼:字符串 -> 字節數組

6.2 解碼:字節數組 -> 字符串

//字符集
@Test
public void test6() throws IOException{
   Charset cs1 = Charset.forName("utf-8");
   
   //獲取編碼器
   CharsetEncoder ce = cs1.newEncoder();
   
   //獲取解碼器
   CharsetDecoder cd = cs1.newDecoder();
   
   CharBuffer cBuf = CharBuffer.allocate(1024);
   cBuf.put("我愛開源中國,做者MuJiuTian!");
   cBuf.flip();
   
   //編碼
   ByteBuffer bBuf = ce.encode(cBuf);
   
   for (int i = 0; i < 36; i++) {
      System.out.println(bBuf.get());
   }
   
   //解碼
   bBuf.flip();
   CharBuffer cBuf2 = cd.decode(bBuf);
   System.out.println(cBuf2.toString());
   
   System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------");
   
   Charset cs2 = Charset.forName("utf-8");
   bBuf.flip();
   CharBuffer cBuf3 = cs2.decode(bBuf);
   System.out.println(cBuf3.toString());
}
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