linux網絡相關

時間 2019-11-13

標籤 linux 網絡相關欄目 Linux 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1. ifconfig 查看與配置網絡狀態命令

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig 
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.5.130  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.5.255
        inet6 fe80::9625:3e1d:12c7:4fe6  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:b3:a2:bf  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 349  bytes 26976 (26.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 168  bytes 19499 (19.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 68  bytes 5912 (5.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 68  bytes 5912 (5.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

使用ifconfig 命令查看IP地址和子網掩碼python

yum install net-tools安裝命令
ens33: 表明第一塊網卡的信息
lo: 表明本地迴環網卡的信息

2. ifdown和ifup 關閉與啓動網卡

ifdown 網卡設備名 ······禁用該網卡設備
ifup 網卡設備名 ······ 啓用該網卡設備

禁用本地網卡bash

[root@localhost ~]# ifdown lo 
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.5.130  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.5.255
        inet6 fe80::9625:3e1d:12c7:4fe6  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:b3:a2:bf  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 560  bytes 41792 (40.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 247  bytes 27177 (26.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@localhost ~]#

啓動本地網卡服務器

[root@localhost ~]# ifup lo
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.5.130  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.5.255
        inet6 fe80::9625:3e1d:12c7:4fe6  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:b3:a2:bf  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 612  bytes 45998 (44.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 277  bytes 30685 (29.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 68  bytes 5912 (5.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 68  bytes 5912 (5.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@localhost ~]#

設定虛擬網卡

root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-Team      ifup-eth    ifup-post      ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-isdn    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ippp   ifup-ppp       ifup-wireless
ifdown       ifdown-post    ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ipv6   ifup-routes    init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-ppp     ifup             ifup-isdn   ifup-sit       network-functions
ifdown-eth   ifdown-routes  ifup-aliases     ifup-plip   ifup-Team      network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-ippp  ifdown-sit     ifup-bnep        ifup-plusb  ifup-TeamPort
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33\:0  ······首先拷貝一個網卡命名爲ens33:0 這裏使用\表明脫義冒號的做用
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi !$ ······編輯拷貝的網卡文件
vi ifcfg-ens33\:0
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33:0 ······修改網卡名
UUID=22124785-6cdb-48e2-9427-7f144a4cbd56
DEVICE=ens33:0······修改網卡名
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.5.150 ······修改IP
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
網關和DNS能夠不用設置
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifdown ens33 && ifup ens33
成功斷開設備 'ens33'。
鏈接已成功激活（D-Bus 活動路徑：/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2）
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.5.130  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.5.255
        inet6 fe80::9625:3e1d:12c7:4fe6  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:b3:a2:bf  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 21626  bytes 27841299 (26.5 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 8107  bytes 605489 (591.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.5.150  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.5.255
        ether 00:0c:29:b3:a2:bf  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 80  bytes 6944 (6.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 80  bytes 6944 (6.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping 192.168.5.130
PING 192.168.5.130 (192.168.5.130) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.5.130: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.5.130: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.092 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.5.130: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.094 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.5.130: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.093 ms

#查看網絡是否鏈接

[root@localhost ~]# mii-tool ens33
ens33: negotiated 1000baseT-FD flow-control, link ok

[root@localhost ~]# ethtool ens33
Settings for ens33:
	Supported ports: [ TP ]
	Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 
	                        100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 
	                        1000baseT/Full 
	Supported pause frame use: No
	Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
	Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 
	                        100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 
	                        1000baseT/Full 
	Advertised pause frame use: No
	Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
	Speed: 1000Mb/s
	Duplex: Full
	Port: Twisted Pair
	PHYAD: 0
	Transceiver: internal
	Auto-negotiation: on
	MDI-X: off (auto)
	Supports Wake-on: d
	Wake-on: d
	Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
			       drv probe link
	Link detected: yes

# 修改主機名

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname xuexi-001
[root@localhost ~]# hostname ······ 查看主機名
xuexi-001
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# exit
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hostname  
xuexi-001······ 主機名的配置文件

目前沒有顯示，須要退出後從新登陸才能顯示已經更改的主機名網絡

3. 查詢網絡狀態

netstat 選項

選項	說明
-t	列出TCP協議端口
-u	列出UDP協議端口
-n	不適用域名與服務名，而是用IP地址和端口號
-l	僅列出在監聽狀態網絡服務
-a	列出全部網絡鏈接

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tuln
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN     
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*

名稱	說明
Proto	協議名稱（tcp,udp）
Recv-Q	接收的數據包隊列
Send-Q	發送的數據包隊列
Local Address	本地IP
Foreign Address	遠程IP
State	狀態（LISTEN）tcp有監聽狀態，udp沒有

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -an
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0     52 192.168.5.130:22        192.168.5.1:52311       ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN     
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*                               
raw6       0      0 :::58                   :::*                    7          
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     12550    /run/systemd/private
unix  2      [ ACC ]     SEQPACKET  LISTENING     12623    /run/udev/control
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    12625    /run/systemd/shutdownd
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     19351    public/pickup
······

ESTABLISHED 狀態表明鏈接已經存在less

# 查看當前服務器有多少個IP鏈接

netstat -an | grep ESTABLISHED | wc -ldom

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -an | grep ESTABLISHED |wc -l
1

# netstat -rn 列出路由列表 = route -n

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.5.2     0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 ens33
192.168.5.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 ens33

[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.5.2     0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
192.168.5.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33

4. route 命令

route -n ······查看路由列表（能夠查看網關）socket
route add default gw 192.168.5.2 ······臨時設定網關tcp
route del default gw 192.168.5.2 ·····刪除臨時網關oop

5.域名解析命令

nslookup [主機名或IP]······ 進行域名與IP 地址解析
安裝nslookup 命令 yum install -y bind-utils-9.9.4-61.el7.x86_64
查看本機DNS服務器

# 查看猿課網的IP

[root@localhost ~]# nslookup www.apelearn.com
Server:		119.29.29.29 `````` 本機手動設置的DNS
Address:	119.29.29.29#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:	www.apelearn.com ``````查看的網頁的域名
Address: 47.104.7.242`````` 查看的IP

# 只查看本機的DNS

[root@localhost ~]# nslookup 
> server
Default server: 119.29.29.29
Address: 119.29.29.29#53
> exit

# DNS 配置文件 /etc/resolv.conf

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf 
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 119.29.29.29

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