oracle安裝完沒法登錄數據庫

今天靜默安裝完oracle11gr2版本後，連入數據庫後，出現以下狀況：

[oracle@oracle response]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 29 09:04:40 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.                                                  

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

SQL> alter system register;

alter system register

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

Process ID: 0

Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0

因而上網查了一下資料，排除了內存不足問題，說是數據庫沒有打開，而後嘗試從新打開，結果仍是報錯。以下：

SQL> startup mount;

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initORCL.ora'

根據提示查找initORCL.ora文件，發現沒有。因而將$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile目錄下的init.ora.***形式的文件copy到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目錄下重命名爲initORCL.ora便可。（注：initORCL.ora中的orcl爲你的實例名 ORACLE_SID，這裏個人SID爲：ORCL）

或者將$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目錄下spflieoracl.ora更名爲spfileORCL.ora便可。（注：spfileORCL.ora中的ORCL爲環境變量中設置的SID）

[oracle@oracle ~]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.82920179156 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initORCL.ora

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 29 11:58:27 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  626327552 bytes

Fixed Size                  2215944 bytes

Variable Size             184553464 bytes

Database Buffers          436207616 bytes

Redo Buffers                3350528 bytes

ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode

嘗試正常關閉數據庫：

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.

查了一下資料，發現是lk<SID>文件形成的，該文件位於ORALCE_HOME下的dbs目錄下，立刻檢查該文件：

[oracle@oracle ~]$ ls $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

hc_DBUA0.dat  hc_ORCL.dat  initORCL.ora  orapworcl

hc_orcl.dat   init.ora     lkORCL        spfileorcl.ora

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ fuser -u lkORCL

lkORCL:               7621(oracle)  7627(oracle)  7631(oracle)  7633(oracle)  7637(oracle)  7639(oracle)  7641(oracle)  7643(oracle)  7645(oracle)  7647(oracle)  7649(oracle)  7651(oracle)  7663(oracle)  7680(oracle)  7682(oracle)  7684(oracle)  7692(oracle)  8272(oracle)

果真該文件沒有釋放，用fuser命令kill掉：

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ fuser -k lkORCL

lkORCL:               7621  7627  7631  7633  7637  7639  7641  7643  7645  7647  7649  7651  7663  7680  7682  7684  7692  8272

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ fuser -u lkORCL

而後：

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  626327552 bytes

Fixed Size                  2215944 bytes

Variable Size             184553464 bytes

Database Buffers          436207616 bytes

Redo Buffers                3350528 bytes

Database mounted.

在進行歸檔時發現：

SQL> alter database archivelog;

alter database archivelog

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00265: instance recovery required, cannot set ARCHIVELOG mode

繼續查資料，發現須要先將數據庫起到open狀態：

SQL> alter dababase open;

alter dababase open

      *

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00940: invalid ALTER command

發現仍是報錯，繼續查資料，找到一個datafile被offline的解決辦法。解決辦法。

shutdown immediate
startup mount

recover datafile 2

alter database datafile 2 online
alter datebase open

結果以下：

SQL> recover datafile 2;

Media recovery complete.

SQL> alter database datafile 2 online;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

而後對數據庫進行重啓，問題解決。

靜默安裝了不少次，頭一次出現安裝好就沒法登錄數據庫的問題，折騰到半夜兩點，仍是度參數不熟悉，繼續努力吧！