Linux基礎學習-MariaDB數據庫管理系統

數據庫管理系統

數據庫是指按照某些特定結構來存儲數據資料的數據倉庫,數據庫管理系統是一種可以對數據庫中存放的數據進行創建、修改、刪除、查找、維護等操做的軟件程序.

初始化MariaDB服務

[root@mail ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server -y

[root@mail mysql]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@mail mysql]# systemctl enable mariadb
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service'


[root@mail ~]# mysql
mysql                       mysqldump                   mysql_setpermission
mysqlaccess                 mysqldumpslow               mysqlshow
mysqladmin                  mysql_find_rows             mysqlslap
mysqlbinlog                 mysql_fix_extensions        mysqltest
mysqlbug                    mysqlhotcopy                mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
mysqlcheck                  mysqlimport                 mysql_upgrade
mysql_convert_table_format  mysql_install_db            mysql_waitpid
mysqld_multi                mysql_plugin                mysql_zap
mysqld_safe                 mysql_secure_installation   
[root@mail mysql]# mysql_secure_installation 
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation:行379: find_mysql_client: 未找到命令

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): //直接回車
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y(設置root管理員密碼)
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y(刪除匿名用戶)

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]Y(禁止root管理員從遠程登陸)

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y(刪除test數據庫並取消對它的訪問權限)

 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y(刷新受權表,讓初始化後的設定當即生效)
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

[root@mail mysql]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mysql
[root@mail mysql]# firewall-cmd --reload

登陸MariaDB數據庫,其中-u參數用來指定以root管理員的身份登陸,-p參數用來驗證該用戶在數據庫中的密碼值.

[root@mail mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

//重置root管理員密碼
MariaDB [(none)]> SET password = PASSWORD('redhat');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye

管理帳戶以及受權

命令	做用
GRANT 權限 ON 數據庫.表單名稱 TO 帳戶名@主機名	對某個特定數據庫中的特定表單給予受權
GRANT 權限 ON 數據庫.* TO 帳戶名@主機名	對某個特定數據庫中的全部表單給予受權
GRANT 權限 ON . TO 帳戶名@主機名	對全部數據庫及全部表單給予受權
GRANT 權限1,權限2 ON 數據庫.* TO 帳戶名@主機名	對某個數據庫中的全部表單給予多個受權
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO 帳戶名@主機名	對全部數據庫及全部表單給予所有受權

MariaDB [(none)]> create user hcie@localhost identified by 'hcie';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant select,update,delete,insert on mysql.* to hcie;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| host                      |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| servers                   |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for hcie@localhost;
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for hcie@localhost                                                                                   |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'hcie'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*D6CDD5D8461B882D121CAC3EE6A028367E198649' |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for hcie;
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for hcie@%                                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'hcie'@'%'                                |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `mysql`.* TO 'hcie'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> revoke select,update,delete,insert on mysql.* from hcie;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

命令	做用
CREATE DATABASE 數據庫名稱	建立新的數據庫
DESCRIBE 表單名稱	描述表單
UPDATE 表單名稱 SET attribute=新值 WHERE attribute>原始值	更新表單中的數據
USE 數據庫名稱	指定使用的數據庫
SHOW databases	顯示當前已有的數據庫
SHOW tables	顯示當前數據庫中的表單
SELECT * FROM 表單名稱	從表單中選中某個記錄值
DELETE FROM 表單名 WHERE attribute=值	從表單中刪除某個記錄值

建立數據庫與表單

MariaDB [(none)]> create database typecho;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> use typecho;
Database changed
MariaDB [typecho]> create table mybook (name char(15),price int,pages int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_typecho |
+-------------------+
| mybook            |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> describe mybook;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name  | char(15) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| price | int(11)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| pages | int(11)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)

管理表單及數據

參數	做用
=	相等
<>或!=	不相等
>	大於
<	小於
>=	大於或等於
<=	小於或等於
BETWEEN	在某個範圍
LIKE	搜索一個例子
IN	在列中搜索多個值

MariaDB [typecho]> insert into mybook(name,price,pages) values('linux','60','618');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> select * from mybook;
+-------+-------+-------+
| name  | price | pages |
+-------+-------+-------+
| linux |    60 |   618 |
+-------+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> update mybook set price=65;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [typecho]> select name,price from mybook;
+-------+-------+
| name  | price |
+-------+-------+
| linux |    65 |
+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> delete from mybook;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> select * from mybook;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> insert into mybook(name,price,pages) values('linux1','30','518');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> insert into mybook(name,price,pages) values('linux2','50','518');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> insert into mybook(name,price,pages) values('linux3','80','518');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> insert into mybook(name,price,pages) values('linux4','100','518');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> select * from mybook where price > 75;
+--------+-------+-------+
| name   | price | pages |
+--------+-------+-------+
| linux3 |    80 |   518 |
| linux4 |   100 |   518 |
+--------+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> select * from mybook where price != 80;
+--------+-------+-------+
| name   | price | pages |
+--------+-------+-------+
| linux1 |    30 |   518 |
| linux2 |    50 |   518 |
| linux4 |   100 |   518 |
+--------+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

數據庫的備份及恢復

[root@mail mysql]# mysqldump -u root -p typecho > /root/typechoDB.dump
Enter password: 

MariaDB [(none)]> drop database typecho;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create database typecho;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

[root@mail mysql]# mysql -u root -p typecho < /root/typechoDB.dump 
Enter password: 
[root@mail mysql]# mysql -u root -p

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| typecho            |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> use typecho;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [typecho]> select name,pages from mybook;
+--------+-------+
| name   | pages |
+--------+-------+
| linux1 |   518 |
| linux2 |   518 |
| linux3 |   518 |
| linux4 |   518 |
+--------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_typecho |
+-------------------+
| mybook            |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [typecho]> describe mybook;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name  | char(15) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| price | int(11)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| pages | int(11)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)