利器系列-更高效的Vim

時間 2019-11-06

標籤利器系列高效 vim 欄目 Unix 简体版

原文原文鏈接

截圖

安裝

(你須要一個有Python支持的Vim版本. 請使用 vim --version | grep +python 來檢查)javascript

依賴(Debian/Ubuntu 平臺)java

`sudo apt-get install python vim exuberant-ctags git`

`sudo pip install dbgp vim-debug pep8 flake8 pyflakes isort`

依賴(RedHat/CentOS 平臺)node

CentOS 6.7的yum源自帶的Python版本較舊，推薦自行安裝Python2.7.

`sudo yum install python vim ctags git`

`sudo pip install dbgp vim-debug pep8 flake8 pyflakes isort`

依賴(Mac OS 平臺)python

`brew install python vim git`

`wget http://tenet.dl.sourceforge.net/project/ctags/ctags/5.8/ctags-5.8.tar.gz && tar -zxvf ctags-5.8.tar.gz && cd ctags-5.8 && ./configure && make && sudo make install`

`sudo pip install dbgp vim-debug pep8 flake8 pyflakes isort`

下載vimrc 文件到用戶主目錄git

`wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tao12345666333/vim/master/vimrc -O $HOME/.vimrc`

打開 Vimgithub

打開Vim, 它將會自動安裝插件. 請耐心等待它完成. 或者你可使用下面的命令來自行安裝.

`vim -E -u $HOME/.vimrc +qall`

享受你的Vim並個性化它吧!npm

支持特性

插件管理（Vundle）

在這份配置中，使用了Vundle做爲插件管理器. Vundle會自動接管 .vim 文件夾，全部配置好的插件將默認下載至~/.vim/bundle/，在使用以前請確保.vim文件夾乾淨. Vundle的插件安裝須要觸發 git clone 操做，搜索須要 curl 支持.vim

配置(截取了部分)

" let Vundle manage Vundle
Bundle 'gmarik/vundle'

" ============================================================================
" Active plugins
" You can disable or add new ones here:

" Plugins from github repos:

" Python and PHP Debugger
Bundle 'fisadev/vim-debug.vim'
" Better file browser
Bundle 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
" Code commenter
Bundle 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter'
" Class/module browser
Bundle 'majutsushi/tagbar'
" Code and files fuzzy finder
Bundle 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
" Extension to ctrlp, for fuzzy command finder
Bundle 'fisadev/vim-ctrlp-cmdpalette'
" Zen coding
Bundle 'mattn/emmet-vim'
" Git integration
Bundle 'motemen/git-vim'
" Tab list panel
Bundle 'kien/tabman.vim'

支持操做

命令	解釋
:PluginList	列出全部Plugin
:PluginInstall(!)	安裝/更新Plugin
:PluginSearch(!) foo	搜索foo相關的Plugin
:PluginClean(!)	清理未使用的Plugin
:PluginUpdate	更新插件

工程文件瀏覽（NERDTree）

在這份配置中, 使用了NERDTree查看文件列表. 你能夠在NERDTree中瀏覽和打開你文件系統中的目錄或文件. 還能夠進行文件隱藏和過濾, 設置添加書籤等. 在NERDTree窗口輸入?可得到操做指南. 這份配置中默認過濾掉了.pyc, .git, .hg, .svn等文件或文件夾的顯示.ruby

配置

" auto open or close NERDTree
autocmd vimenter * if !argc() | NERDTree | endif
autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:NERDTreeType") && b:NERDTreeType == "primary") | q | endif

" NERDTree -----------------------------

" toggle nerdtree display
map <F3> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
" open nerdtree with the current file selected
nmap ,t :NERDTreeFind<CR>
" don;t show these file types
let NERDTreeIgnore = ['\.pyc$', '\.pyo$']

支持操做

快捷鍵	解釋
F3	打開/關閉NERDTree
,t	打開NERDTree並選中當前文件

語法檢查

在這份配置中，使用Syntastic插件進行語法靜態檢查. 包括但不限於C/C++/Go/Python/Haskell/Ruby/JavaScript等. 在本配置中對JavaScript的靜態檢查使用eslint,能夠支持ES6及JSX等, 細節能夠參考JSLint, JSHint和ESLint的對比及Vim配置, 想要切換檢查工具只要修改對應位置便可.bash

配置

" Syntastic ------------------------------

" show list of errors and warnings on the current file
nmap <leader>e :Errors<CR>
" turn to next or previous errors, after open errors list
nmap <leader>n :lnext<CR>
nmap <leader>p :lprevious<CR>
" check also when just opened the file
let g:syntastic_check_on_open = 1
" syntastic checker for javascript.
" eslint is the only tool support JSX.
" If you don't need write JSX, you can use jshint.
" And eslint is slow, but not a hindrance
" let g:syntastic_javascript_checkers = ['jshint']
let g:syntastic_javascript_checkers = ['eslint']
" don't put icons on the sign column (it hides the vcs status icons of signify)
let g:syntastic_enable_signs = 0
" custom icons (enable them if you use a patched font, and enable the previous 
" setting)
let g:syntastic_error_symbol = '✗'
let g:syntastic_warning_symbol = '⚠'
let g:syntastic_style_error_symbol = '✗'
let g:syntastic_style_warning_symbol = '⚠'

特性

保存時自動進行語法靜態檢查，方便的錯誤提示及靈活的可擴展性.

支持操做

快捷鍵	解釋
`e`	打開錯誤列表
`n`	移動到下一個錯誤位置
`p`	移動到上一個錯誤位置

Git支持

在這份配置中, 使用vim-fugitive和vim-signify作Git方面的支持. 能夠進行經常使用的git操做及優雅的狀態提示等(目前支持git和hg).

配置

" Signify ------------------------------

" this first setting decides in which order try to guess your current vcs
" UPDATE it to reflect your preferences, it will speed up opening files
let g:signify_vcs_list = [ 'git', 'hg' ]
" mappings to jump to changed blocks
nmap <leader>sn <plug>(signify-next-hunk)
nmap <leader>sp <plug>(signify-prev-hunk)
" nicer colors
highlight DiffAdd           cterm=bold ctermbg=none ctermfg=119
highlight DiffDelete        cterm=bold ctermbg=none ctermfg=167
highlight DiffChange        cterm=bold ctermbg=none ctermfg=227
highlight SignifySignAdd    cterm=bold ctermbg=237  ctermfg=119
highlight SignifySignDelete cterm=bold ctermbg=237  ctermfg=167
highlight SignifySignChange cterm=bold ctermbg=237  ctermfg=227

支持操做

快捷鍵	解釋
:Git [args]	相似執行`git`命令同樣
:Gstatus	相似`git status`.在列表中使用`-`添加/移除文件
:Gcommit [args]	相似 `git commit`
:Gmerge [args]	相似 `git merge`
:Gpull [args]	相似 `git pull`
:Gpush [args]	相似 `git push`
:Gvdiff [revision]	相似 `git push` 可是會切分窗口

更多詳細的操做可使用 :help fugitive

Tag支持

在這份配置中，使用了Tagbar作Tag支持，能夠顯示當前文件中定義的類/變量等.

配置

" Tagbar -----------------------------

" toggle tagbar display
map <F4> :TagbarToggle<CR>
" autofocus on tagbar open
let g:tagbar_autofocus = 1

支持操做

快捷鍵	解釋
F4	打開Tag列表

超全自動補全

在這份配置中, 使用了Neocomplcache做爲主要的自動補全插件.

配置

" NeoComplCache ------------------------------

" most of them not documented because I'm not sure how they work
" (docs aren't good, had to do a lot of trial and error to make 
" it play nice)

" Disable AutoComplPop.
let g:acp_enableAtStartup = 0
" Use neocomplcache.
let g:neocomplcache_enable_at_startup = 1
let g:neocomplcache_enable_ignore_case = 1
" Use smartcase.
let g:neocomplcache_enable_smart_case = 1
let g:neocomplcache_enable_auto_select = 1

let g:neocomplcache_enable_fuzzy_completion = 1
let g:neocomplcache_enable_camel_case_completion = 1
let g:neocomplcache_enable_underbar_completion = 1
let g:neocomplcache_fuzzy_completion_start_length = 1
let g:neocomplcache_auto_completion_start_length = 1
let g:neocomplcache_manual_completion_start_length = 1
" Set minimum syntax keyword length.
let g:neocomplcache_min_keyword_length = 1
let g:neocomplcache_min_syntax_length = 1
let g:neocomplcache_lock_buffer_name_pattern = '\*ku\*'
" complete with workds from any opened file
let g:neocomplcache_same_filetype_lists = {}
let g:neocomplcache_same_filetype_lists._ = '_'
" <TAB>: completion.
inoremap <expr><TAB>  pumvisible() ? "\<C-n>" : "\<TAB>"
" Define keyword.
if !exists('g:neocomplcache_keyword_patterns')
    let g:neocomplcache_keyword_patterns = {}
endif
let g:neocomplcache_keyword_patterns['default'] = '\h\w*'
" Plugin key-mappings.
inoremap <expr><C-g>     neocomplcache#undo_completion()
inoremap <expr><C-l>     neocomplcache#complete_common_string()
" <C-h>, <BS>: close popup and delete backword char.
inoremap <expr><C-h> neocomplcache#smart_close_popup()."\<C-h>"
inoremap <expr><BS> neocomplcache#smart_close_popup()."\<C-h>"
inoremap <expr><C-y>  neocomplcache#close_popup()
inoremap <expr><C-e>  neocomplcache#cancel_popup()

支持操做

快捷鍵	解釋
<Tab>	使用Tab鍵進行待提示項目選擇
<C-g>	取消補全
<C-l>	完成待補全項中共同的字符串
<C-h>	關閉待選項
<C-y>	關閉待選項
<C-e>	退出待選項
<BS>	關閉待選項

類Tmux的窗口選擇

在這份配置中，使用了vim-choosewin進行窗口管理器. 支持類Tmux的操做.

配置

" Window Chooser ------------------------------

" mapping
nmap  -  <Plug>(choosewin)
" show big letters
let g:choosewin_overlay_enable = 1

支持操做

快捷鍵	解釋
-	開啓窗口選擇
- [	選擇上一個tab的窗口
- ]	選擇下一個tab的窗口

更多操做可使用 :help choosewin

靈活的Tab管理

在這份配置中使用了TabMan進行Tab管理,能夠進行靈活切換與管理

配置

" TabMan ------------------------------

" mappings to toggle display, and to focus on it
let g:tabman_toggle = 'tl'
let g:tabman_focus  = 'tf'

支持操做

快捷鍵	解釋
tl	開啓/關閉tab管理
tf	將光標移動到tab管理窗口

優雅的狀態欄

在這份配置中，使用了Airline提供更多狀態欄支持.

配置

" Airline ------------------------------

let g:airline_powerline_fonts = 1
let g:airline_theme = 'bubblegum'
"let g:airline#extensions#tabline#enabled = 1
"let g:airline#extensions#tabline#left_sep = ' '
"let g:airline#extensions#tabline#left_alt_sep = '|'
let g:airline#extensions#whitespace#enabled = 1

" to use fancy symbols for airline, uncomment the following lines and use a
" patched font (more info on the README.rst)
if !exists('g:airline_symbols')
   let g:airline_symbols = {}
endif

let g:airline_left_sep = ''
let g:airline_left_alt_sep = ''
let g:airline_right_sep = ''
let g:airline_right_alt_sep = ''
let g:airline_symbols.branch = ''
let g:airline_symbols.readonly = ''
let g:airline_symbols.linenr = ''

支持特性

能夠顯示分支，語法靜態檢查結果等.

自動插入頭部

在這份配置中寫了個小函數根據新建的不一樣類型的文件，自動插入頭部，支持python, ruby, bash等.

Markdown實時預覽

在這份配置中, 使用了vim-instant-markdown和vim-markdown作Markdown格式的支持，能夠支持實時預覽等特性.

此功能須要有node環境支持，能夠執行 npm -g install instant-markdown-d 進行安裝.

配置

" Vim-markdown ------------------------------

" Disabled automatically folding
let g:vim_markdown_folding_disabled=1
" LeTeX math
let g:vim_markdown_math=1
" Highlight YAML frontmatter
let g:vim_markdown_frontmatter=1

" Vim-instant-markdown -----------------

" If it takes your system too much, you can specify
" let g:instant_markdown_slow = 1
" if you don't want to manually control it
" you can open this setting
" and when you open this, you can manually trigger preview
" via the command :InstantMarkdownPreview
let g:instant_markdown_autostart = 0