在開發的過程當中,配置文件每每就是那些屬性(properties)文件,好比使用properties文件配置數據庫文件,又如database-config.properties
代碼清單:database-config.propertiesjava
jdbc.database.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver jdbc.database.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springmvc?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Hongkong&characterEncoding=utf-8&autoReconnect=true jdbc.database.username=root jdbc.database.password=123456
使用屬性文件能夠有效地減小硬編碼,不少時候修改環境只須要修改配置文件就能夠了,這樣可以有效提升運維人員的操做便利性,因此使用properties文件是十分常見的場景。在Spring中也能夠經過註解或者XML的方式進行加載屬性文件mysql
Spring提供了註解@PropertySource來加載屬性文件,瞭解它的配置項。
•name:字符串,配置此次屬性配置的名稱。
•value:字符串數組,能夠配置多個屬性文件。
•ignoreResourceNotFound:boolean值,默認爲false,其含義爲若是找不到對應的屬性文件是否進行忽略處理,因爲默認值爲false,因此在默認的狀況下找不到對應的配置文件會拋出異常。
•encoding:編碼,默認爲""。spring
代碼清單:在Spring環境中使用屬性文件Java配置sql
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource; import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource; import org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer; @Configuration // @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.ssm.chapter10.annotation"}) @ImportResource({"classpath:ssm/chapter10/spring-dataSource.xml"}) @PropertySource(value = {"classpath:ssm/chapter10/database-config.properties"}) public class ApplicationConfig2 { }
代碼清單:測試加載屬性數據庫
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ApplicationConfig2.class); String url = context.getEnvironment().getProperty("jdbc.database.url"); System.out.println(url);
Spring中是沒有解析屬性佔位符的能力,Spring推薦使用一個屬性文件解析類進行處理,它就是PropertySources Placeholder-Configurer,使用它就意味着容許Spring解析對應的屬性文件,並經過佔位符去引用對應的配置。apache
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource; import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource; import org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer; @Configuration // @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.ssm.chapter10.annotation"}) @ImportResource({"classpath:ssm/chapter10/spring-dataSource.xml"}) @PropertySource(value = {"classpath:ssm/chapter10/database-config.properties"}) public class ApplicationConfig2 { /** * 做用是爲了讓Spring可以解析屬性佔位符, */ @Bean public PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer() { return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer(); } }
引用已經定義好的配置,這裏可使用註解@Value和佔位符數組
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.sql.DataSource; import java.util.Properties; @Component public class ProfileDataSource { @Value("${jdbc.database.driver}") private String driver = null; @Value("${jdbc.database.url}") private String url = null; @Value("${jdbc.database.username}") private String username = null; @Value("${jdbc.database.password}") private String password = null; @Bean(name = "dataSource2") public DataSource getDataSource() { Properties props = new Properties(); props.setProperty("driver", driver); props.setProperty("url", url); props.setProperty("username", username); props.setProperty("password", password); DataSource dataSource = null; try { dataSource = (DataSource) BasicDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(props); System.out.println("-----dataSource2 init-----"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return dataSource; } }
也可使用XML方式進行加載屬性文件,它只須要使用<con-text:property-placeholder>元素加載一些配置項便可。
代碼清單:經過XML加載屬性文件mvc
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.ssm.chapter10.annotation"/> <!--<import resourse="spring-datasource.xml"/>--> <!--<context:property-placeholder ignore-resource-not-found="true" location="classpath:ssm/chapter10/database-config.properties"/>--> <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <!--字符串數組,可配置多個屬性文件--> <property name="locations"> <array> <value>classpath:ssm/chapter10/database-config.properties</value> <value>classpath:log4j.properties</value> </array> </property> <property name="ignoreResourceNotFound" value="false"/> </bean> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springmvc?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Hongkong&characterEncoding=utf-8&autoReconnect=true"/> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="123456"/> </bean> </beans>